This article traces the process in which gender-specific approach was emerged to rehabilitate female offenders in the United States and introduces a few promising gender specific programs for female juvenile delinquents. Gender-specific services refer according to the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention(OJJDP) the correctional services that are designed to meet the unque needs of female offenders; that value the female perspective; that celebrate and honor the female experience; that respect and take into account female development; that empower girls and young women to reach their full potential; and that work to change established attitudes that prevent or discourage girls and young women from reaching their potential. The emergence of the gender-specific approach can be explained by two factors. empirically, female offenders, especially female delinquents, have been one of the fastest growing criminal population since the 1900s. Correctional personnel recognised the role of gender-sensitive correctional programming to curtail the size of female delinquent population. They realized many current services for juveniles are aimed at the rehabilitation and education of male delinquents. Second, many criminological research based on feminist perspective have found that female offenders are quite different from male offenders in various ways; girls are incarcerated for status offenses that boys; girls develop self-esteem and female identity differently; girls are pressured to conform the traditional gender roles and the gender stereotyping plays a central role in creating female delinquents; girls have gender unique problems such as physical, sexual abuse, domestic violence and adolescent pregnancy. The combination of these two trends resulted in the amendment of the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act, in which states should review the issue of gender bias in the current juvenile correctional programs before receiving federal

In this case study, results of the explosion accident at MEK-PO factory were analysed by using the consequence analysis of quantitative hazard assessment and the explosion energy, the burst pressure of vessel, and overpressures at the explosion center and at 300m distance from the explosion center were estimated, respectively. As a result, we found that a cause of accident was the runaway reaction of product(MEK-PO) because of the molecular expansion in vessel and that the possibility of the runaway reaction was classified the mechanical failure(the obstacle of refrigerator or the shutdown valve), design error, and operating error by lack of thermochemical knowledge. Also, the evasive action to prevent accident was suggested.

국립공원에서 가장 보편화된 이용공간이며, 생태적 공간에 대한 이용압력이 일차적으로 작용하는 등산로 주변의 환경피해도를 바탕으로 국립공원의 수용능력을 추정하였다. 북한산국립공원의 22개 법정 등산로에 대한 환경피해도와 통행량 및 통행패턴을 조사하고. 등산로 폭과 통행량 두 변수간의 상관관계 및 회귀분석을 통하여 적정 탐방객 수를 추출하는 모형을 수립하였다. 그리고 유효 입장객 수와 등산로 구간별 평균통행량을 고려하여 수용능력 추정식을 고안하였다. 수용능력 추정식을 적용하여 북한산국립공원의 적정 수용능력을 추정한 결과. 등산로 노폭을 2.2m로 유지하는 관리목표하에서는 연간 최대 적정 수용능력을 300만 명 이하로 유지하는 것이 바람직하며 보존강도를 높여 등산로 노폭을 2.0m 수준으로 관리하고자 할 경우에는 연간 최대 200만 명 이하를 유지해야 하는 것으로 나타났다

In Factory, as the number of machine is increased the more maintenance efforts are necessary. Multi maintenance issues may occur at a certain time and the determination of maintenance sequence is needed. In this study, we first compare the priority of machines and the impact value using modified FMEA(Failure Mode Effect and Analysis) method. Also, CBR(Case-based Reasoning) approach is applied to retrieve similar fault cases of current machine problem. The proposed methodology will be useful to implement decision support system of maintenance sequence for CMMS/EAM (Computerized Maintenance Management System/Enterprise Asset Management).

In the real environment, it is very limited for the trainees to participate the effective training using actual training equipments by themselves and also to simulate several hazard situations for safety because of the direct exposure to the hazards of the actual system. But the virtual environment(VE) can help the trainees to get the effective training participating by themselves and to simulate all kind of possible situation without the exposure to the hazards of the actual system. In this paper, the new developed VE system for safety training is introduced. The system is more effective and economic one than the other system developed in Japan.

In the real environment, it is very limited for the trainees to participate the effective training using actual training equipments by themselves and also to simulate several hazard situations for safety because of the direct exposure to the hazards of the actual system. But the virtual environment(VE) can help the trainees to get the effective training participating by themselves and to simulate all kind of possible situation without the exposure to the hazards of the actual system. In this paper, the nor· developed VE system for safety training is introduced. The system is more effective and economic one than the other system developed in Japan.

In this study, an overall survey of ERP system and methodology are first introduced, then an efficient way of const겨cting ERP system is suggested through a case study on S company S company has not reached the goal of ERP system as it planned and is still working on the project. The main idea for the efficient construction methodology of ERP system is that BPR (Business Process Reengineering) should be accomplished and the company should have enough time to test the ERP package and a proper ERP team organization before the ERP system is introduced. It is suggested that introduction of ERP system bring about benefits to companies in terms of effective management system.