최근의 근단층지반운동인 Northridge 지진(1994, 미국), Kobe 지진(1995, 일본), Izmit 지진(1990, 터키)은 큰 수직성분의 영향으로 건축물 및 교량에 심각한 손상을 주었다. 일반적인 건축구조물의 내진설계에서 지진하중의 수직성분을 고려하여 설계하는 경우는 드물다. 본 연구에서는 지진하중의 수직성분 영향의 고려 유무에 따른 예제구조물의 기둥부재의 축력의 변화와 부재 단부의 소성힌지회전각을 산정하여 시스템의 손상상태를 평가하여 보았다. 해석결과 축력의 증가는 기둥부재의 손상에 의한 전체 구조시스템의 story collapse mechanism의 가능성을 주게 되므로 근단층지반운동이 예상되는 부분에서는 지진하중의 수직성분에 대한 영향을 고려하여야할 것으로 판단된다.

The aim of this paper is firstly to address the affinity between globalization and Pentecostal spirituality and secondly to hint that Progressive Pentecostalism might be a successor to Liberation Theology. Globalization (‘the market revolution’) and Pentecostalization (‘the spiritual revolution’) are surely under way. Pentecostalism has often been otherworldly, emphasizing personal salvation to the exclusion of any attempt to transform social reality, whereas Progressive Pentecostalism continues to affirm the apocalyptic return of Christ but also believes that Christians are called to be good neighbors, addressing the social needs of people in their community. Progressive Pentecostals are leading heroic self-sacrificial lives. Pentecostalism and Liberation Theology share the idea that salvation includes effects on material life in this world. In liberation language this pertains to social, economic, and political liberation of historical existence, and in Pentecostalism it applies to healing. Some Pentecostal theologians such as E. Villafane, M. Volf, R. Beckford, and Jang-Hyun Rhu are extending the idea of healing to the social condition of existence.

This study was designed to examine a 3-week modified constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) to the less-affected arm of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) would improve function of the more-affected arm in PD. The subjects were 6 institutional older adults with PD and clients of the social welfare facilities. The subjects (2 men, 4 women) ranged in age from 66 to 90 years (mean age 77.2 yrs). Three clinical tests were used to determine the improvement of functional activity between before and after modified CIMT. The tests included Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS). Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT), and Action Research Arm Test (ARAT). There were significantly differences after the modified CIMT for time performance in WMFT and pinch in ARAT (p<.05), No significant difference was noted after the modified CIMT for UPDRS and functional ability scale in WMFT. Therefore, the modified CIMT might improve time performance and is available to therapeutic program helping them improve functional ability for upper extremity in Parkinson's disease.

The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of bridging stabilization exercises on trunk muscles activity on and off a Swiss ball. 20 healthy university students volunteered to participate in this study. Subjects were required to complete following four exercises: exercise 1, single bridging exercise; exercise 2, feet on ball bridging exercise; exercise 3, calf on ball bridging exercise; exercise 4, back on ball bridging exercise. Surface electromyography from selected trunk muscles was normalized to maximum voluntary isometric contraction. A repeated measures of ANOVA with post-hoc Bonferroni's correction was used to determine the influence of exercise type on muscle activity for each muscle and descriptive statistics was used to determine local/global muscle ratios. The rectus abdominis of exercise 4 showed significantly higher muscle activity than rectus abdominis of exercise 1, 2, 3 (p<.05). The external oblique of exercise 2, 4 showed significantly higher muscle activity than external oblique of exercise 1 (p<.05). The internal oblique of exercise 2, 4 showed significantly higher muscle activity than internal oblique of exercise 1 (p<.05). The erector spinae of exercise 2, 3, 4 showed significantly higher muscle activity than erector spinae of exercise 1 (p<.05). Median of internal oblique/rectus abdominis ratio of exercise 1 was 1.16, exercise 2 was 2.43, exercise 3 was 2.45, exercise and 4 was 1.27. Median of internal oblique/external oblique ratio of exercise 1 was 1.01, exercise 2 was .91, exercise 3 was .99, and exercise 4 was .93. Muscle activity can be influenced by addition of a Swiss ball in bridging exercises. It is recommend to use a Swiss ball for trunk stabilization exercise.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of abdominal drawing-in maneuver (ADIM) on peak exploratory flow (PEF), forced exploratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), and low back pain during forced expiration. Twenty-two subjects (14 subjects in experimental group, 8 subjects in control group) participated in this study. The stabilizer was used for ADIM training for five consecutive days. Vitalograph PEF/FEV1 DIARY and visual analogue scale (VAS) were used to determine forced expiratory pulmonary function and low back pain, respectively. Independent t-test and analysis of covariance were used for statistical analysis with a significance level of .05. The findings of this study were as follows: 1) There were no significant differences of ADIM effect on PEF and FEV1 between experimental group and control group. 2) There was a significant pain reduction in experimental group with ADIM. 3) PEF and FEV1 increased significantly in the fifth day compared with the first day pre-exercise baseline. Therefore, it is concluded that ADIM was effective in improving PEF and FEV1, and reducing VAS during forced expiration in patients with chronic low back pain.

An abdominal drawing-in maneuver (ADIM) with a pressure biofeedback unit can be used to prevent excessive lumbar lordosis during bridging exercise. Therefore, in this research, the effects of an ADIM on lumbar lordosis and lower extremity muscle activity during bridging exercise were investigated in thirty healthy adults. Surface electromyography (EMG) and VICON system were used to collect kinematic data and muscle activity, respectively. A paired t-test was used to determine a statistical significance. The results showed as follows: (1) When performing bridging exercise with an ADIM, the height of the anterior superior iliac spine and greater trochanter decreased significantly (p<.05). (2) When performing bridging exercise with an ADIM, the trunk extension angle and pelvic angle increased significantly (p<.05). (3) When performing bridging exercise with an ADIM, the EMG signal amplitude increased significantly in the rectus abdominis, internal oblique abdominis, external oblique abdominis, medial hamstring, and lateral hamstring (p<.05). (4) When performing bridging exercise with an ADIM, the EMG signal amplitude decreased significantly in the erector spinae (p<.05). From the result of this research, an ADIM trained with pressure biofeedback unit during bridging exercise is effective to prevent excessive contraction of erector spinae, to limit excessive motion of pelvis from sagittal plane and to increase muscle activity of abdominal muscles and hamstring muscle.

With the growth of scientific technology, the development of method and instrument has contributed to the study of Sports Biomechanics. It is considered that the paradigm of researching would be radically changed. Hence, the aim of this study is to analyz

The purpose of this study was to know the correlation between the level of participating in badminton community activity - the period of participation, the intensity of participation, and the numbers of participation - and the sports addiction and eventua

본고는 우원 이호빈목사의 전기적 바탕에서 그가 한 평생 추구한 예수 살기 공동체운동을 역사적으로 검토하고, 오늘 위기 상황에 있는 한국교회에 어떠한 개혁적 대안을 제시하는가 하는 점을 논구하려는 데 그 목적이 있다. 우원 이호빈목사의 한 생애는 그의 가족 경험과 신학의 시절 공동체생활(communal life)을 기초한 예수 공동체영성에 있다. 그의 영성은 교회 개혁을 위한 예수 교회운동으로, 그리고 교회와 사회 개혁을 위한 중안 신학교 설립 운동으로, 마지막에 교회와 사회, 세계의 개혁을 위한 흘리에 자연 공동체운동으로 확대되고 발전하였다. 우원의 삶은 예수를 따르는 것이다. 그것은 곧 예수와 함께 혈연을 넘어선 새로운 가족 공동체로서 예수 공동체를 이루는 것이었다. 운동은 일회적일 수 없다. 우원은 부단히 예수 공동체형성을 위한 노력을 기울였다. 그 결과에 대해 후학들이 무엇이라 평가하든지 그는 예수 공동체운동을 한국 교회 역사 속에서 일관되게 꾸준히 추진한 실천가요, 영성가이다.

The purpose of this study were to offer the scientific data of the right and left feet's kick motion of the ROK high school boy students and to seek out the effective method of instruction, througth comparing and analyzing the variation aspects of the kin

The purpose of this research to find out the efficient guiding device during teaching based on the datum what were calculated kinematic and kinetic variable about the vertical jump according to the distinction of sex in elementary school. Four male, five

이 글은 우원 이호빈 목사(友園李浩彬, 1898-1998)의 독립운동과 토착적 신앙운동으로서 예수교회운동을 창조적으로 해석하여 인류보편사적이고 민족사적이고 한국교회사적인 맥락과 의미를 밝히려는 작업을 시도했다. 우원의 기독교 복음에 바탕을 둔 새로운 생명운동과 평화운동은 근대 제국주의와 서구적인 근대 기독교 패러다임을 넘어선 지평에서 주체적인 한국기독교인의 삶의 세계를 열어냈다. 이것을 선교사들의 ‘서도서기 패러다임’과 초기 한국기독교의 주체적인 입장인 ‘대도대기 패러다임’을 넘어선 ‘한도한기 패러다임’으로 파악했다.

The purpose of this study was to acknowledge kinematic and Kinetic differences of Men's progolfer's swing-motion of the type of iron-clubs. and This study will offer to basic data to development of golf -swing analysis system as analyze swing-motion of #3

목적 : 만성기 편마비 환자에서 상지 운동기능 회복을 위한 기능적 전기자극의 효과를 알아보고자 하였다. 연구방법 : 신경학적으로 더 이상의 회복을 기대할 수 없는 발병 후 12개월 이상이 경과된 만성기 편마비 환자 18명을 대상하였다. 편마비측에 4주 동안 전기자극 치료의 적용 없이 기능의 변화를 평가하였고, 이후 4주간은 전기자극 치료를 1회 20분, 1일 1회, 주 5일간 마비측 상지에 적용하여 기능의 변화, 동작을 분석하였다. 전기자극은 수지의 파악, 주관절의 굴곡, 주관절의 신전, 수지의 이완 등의 순서로 식사동작을 모방하여 작동되도록 조작하였다. 상지의 기능회복정도를 측정하기 위하여 수지 근력, 상지의 근력 측정과 Fugl-Meyer 운동기능 평가를 실시하였고, 인지 및 지각능력을 평가하였으며, 정량 분석을 위하여 삼차원 동작 분석기(CMS10 measuring system)를 이용하여 상지의 동작을 분석하였다. 결과 : 전기자극을 적용하기 전에서는 편마비측 수지 및 상지의 근력과 Fugl-Meyer 운동기능에서 유의한 변화가 없었으며, 기능적 전기자극을 적용한 경우에 치료 전에 비해 치료 후에 편마비측 견관절과 주관절의 굴곡, 완관절의 신전 근력이 증가하였으며, 수지 근력, Fugl-Meyer 운동기능 평가에서 유의한 호전이 관찰되었다(p<.05). 삼차원 동작 분석기를 이용한 상지 기능의 평가에서 회내-회외운동 동작에서 진폭과 진동수의 유의한 증가가 보였으며, 변이도의 유의한 감소가 관찰되었다. 검지 두드리기와 손바닥 두드리기 동작에서는 진동수의 유의한 증가와 변이도의 유의한 감소가 관찰되었다(p<.05). 결론 : 발병 후 12개월 이상이 경과된 만성기 편마비 환자에서 마비측 상지에 대한 기능적 전기자극 치료는 상지 운동기능의 호전에 유의한 효과를 보였다.

本论文研究1990年代中国新疆维吾尔族的民族分离运动与中国的民族政策的主要内容和特征。新疆维吾尔族具有与汉族不同的民族认同感，而这些民族认同感主要来自于维吾尔族的历史和文化因素。受到冷战体系的崩溃和一些中亚伊斯兰国家独立，新疆维吾尔族也要求分离和独立，因而在中国境内发生了很多恐怖事件。为了控制新疆的形势，中国政府采取了多种方法，如在国内采取‘严打’政策; 阻止与海外维吾尔族以及伊斯兰势力的联系; 对新疆地区实施包括经济方面的各种优待政策。 今天的新疆在中央政府的多种政策和努力之下，基本上维持着安定的局面，但在解决新疆问题上还存在一时难以解决的各种矛盾。第一，‘中华民族’的认同感和中央政府统治思想的弱化。第二，新疆的安定与经济之间的关系和矛盾。第三，对于外部势力和强大国对中国内政介入的对策。 对中央政府来说，来自西部的何种‘高度’自治或独立要求也不会接受，而一旦存在新疆维吾尔族继续要求分离和独立，那'中华民族'与新疆的民族认同感之间的矛盾也无法一时解决。

The purpose of this article is to suggest John Wesley’s attempt to church renewal in the 18th century England through exploring his ecclesiology. This article deals with patterns of church renewal as it uses Wesley’s ecclesiology and Howard Snyder’s mediated model of church renewal, and attempts to rediscover of the essence of the church, and finds out clues of renewal and transformation of the Korean church along with the lessons given to the Korean church today. John Wesley constructed a very creative ecclesiology which was integrated various insights given by innovative renewal movements in the early church and the church history along with the understanding of the traditional church. Therefore John Wesley's understanding of the church can be understood through his renewal movement. Also his ecclesiology emphasizes the community for renewal of the church. In fact, Wesley's original intention was to form a organic community, that is, “ecclesiola in ecclesia.” In order to achieve his church renewal ministry Wesley suggested a integrated(holistic) renewal model that would keep the balance between institution and movement. Some characteristics of a renewed church is a living organism not just a institution or organization. The renewed church is charismatic community. Church renewal movement can not be separable with the kingdom of God. In this sense, Howard A. Snyder suggests five dimensions of John Wesley’s church renewal movement. First, it is individual renewal as it takes place in believer's personal repentance and conversion. It is spiritual renewal. But it is not just spiritual but communal. Unless there is no true community, individual renewal cannot be taken place. Second, communal renewal means a shared faith in a community as it happened when the church experiences God's transforming work. Third, conceptual renewal(or theological renewal) means a paradigm shift in theology. In this aspect, every great renewal movements are closely related to conceptual renewal. Fourth, structural renewal is to change forms and structures of which the church uses. Thus, the church must be changed in cultural contexts. Institutionalized and rigid structures of the church can often hinder the work of the Holy Spirit. Even though structural change is not the starting point of renewal, it can keep the renewal movement continue. Fifth, missional renewal of the church is about passion of proclaiming the gospel as the essential call of the church. Missional renewal can be accomplished when the church rediscover the essence of mission. This is not for the church itself but for the kingdom of God. The church that is internally renewed must have missional renewal. In this sense, the Korean church can learn from John Wesley’s renewal movement which attempted to renew the church by forming the authentic community connected with the kingdom of God.

Single PPM Quality Innovation Movement is originally developed quality program in Korea for supplier's quality level-up since 1995. The quality target is below the 10ppm(parts per million) in outgoing quality and delivered goods plus field claim. This Single PPM Quality Innovation Movement program was conducted to realize the anticipated results not only due to management result level's increasing, but also the company's confidence and competitiveness. This study attempted to find the mutual influences on the participation of the constituent members, satisfaction of the constituent members and results of the management from Single PPM Quality Innovation Movement. The reliance analysis for the measurement material on the questionnaire was verified by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Participation of the constituent members, satisfaction of the constituent member and result of the management, the influences upon Single PPM improvement degree level were verified through the structural analysis by using SPSS statistic package. The influence evaluation among the groups was evaluated by the structure equation.

본 논문은 로터 시스템의 디스크 회전운동을 표현하는데 있어 운동방정식을 통합하는 과정에서 기존 연구자들이 채택한 오일러 각 사용법이 일관성이 없음을 지적하였다. 기존 연구자들은 오일러 각 순서가 달라서 속도와 운동에너지도 달리 산정하였음은 물론, 운동방정식은 오직 선형 시스템만 취급해 왔다 이러한 오일러 각 사용법의 단점을 극복하기 위하여 회전운동을 더욱 단순하게 매개화할 수 있는 4원법(quaternion)과 구 좌표계를 적용하여 비선형 시스템을 도출하였다. 이를 바탕으로 수치해석을 통하여 기존 방법과 비교하여 제안한 방법의 신뢰성과 우수성을 보였다.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a weekly circuit-group exercise program on functional performance, flexibility of the trunk and lower extremities, and balance in individuals with chronic stroke who are living in a community. Thirteen community-living individuals (eleven males and two females) with chronic stroke participated in this study. The group exercise program was set up as a weekly circuit application with four stations aiming to strengthen the muscles, increase endurance, improve flexibility, and enhance functional capacity. The average duration of a session was an hour, and the sessions were conducted once a week for six months for a total of 24 sessions. Assessments for functional performance, flexibility of the trunk and lower extremities and balance were conducted four times: before treatment, after one month of treatment, after four months of treatment, and after six months of treatment. There were significant improvements in functional performance and flexibility of the trunk and lower extremities in the given time frame. No significant improvement was observed in balance ability. The findings suggest that a weekly circuit-group exercise program has some benefits in terms of managing the physical symptoms of individuals with mobility problems after stroke. Therefore, this program can be adapted and employed as a community-based rehabilitation program for such patients. Further studies with various community-based treatments will be conducted to validate these findings.

The range of motion (ROM) of ankle dorsiflexion in older women was associated with gait abnormalities and the risk of falls. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of self-stretching exercise on the flexibility of the plantar flexors of the ankle and the characteristics of gait in healthy elderly women. Fifteen participants were assigned randomly into an exercise (n=8) or control (n=7) group. The exercise group attended a self-stretching program approximately 30 minutes for 3 days per week for 4 weeks. The active ankle dorsiflexion ROM and gait measurements were taken prior to beginning the stretching program and 1 day after the last stretching day. Results showed that the active ankle dorsiflexion ROM was significantly increased in the exercise group than in the control group after the stretching program (p<.05). However, gait parameters, including gait speed, cadence, and stride length were not significantly different between the two groups (p>.05). The results suggest that a 4-week self-stretching program is capable of provoking a significant increase in ankle dorsiflexion ROM in elderly, community-dwelling women. Additional research is needed to investigate the effect of gait-specific exercise combined with stretching exercise on gait ability.