This study is conducted to examine kinematic and kinetic variables influencing on vertical jump records. To this end, as the subjects of the study, three male volleyball players and three general students vertically jumped five times, and the study compar

Since 1995, the small and medium enterprise introduced the Quality Innovation Program that is called 100PPM Quality Renovation Program. A point of 2000, the program's name was changed by Single PPM Quality Innovation Program in pursuit of defects below 10ppm in outgoing quality. Nowaday 1,651 companies is received Single PPM Quality Certification from government at the end of 2008. On the other side, the return or withdrawal of certification is going on because of various reasons. In this study, we analyse the status of certification's preservation and cancellation, and suggest the cooperation ideas between government and companies.

The purpose of this research to fing out the efficient guiding device during teaching based on the datum what were calculated kinematic and kinetic variable about the blocking in volleyball between expert and begginer in boy's middle school. six expert, s

The purpose of this study is to analyze the kinematic variables due to the course change in the first serve of high school girl tennis athletes using three dimensional video analysis and to produce kinetic variables using ground reaction force to understa

Recently, many MEMS manipulator or mechanisms have been developed for application in nanotechnology and optical sensors. In this paper, the method that is measurement and analysis of the motion-ability is introduced for 1 degree of freedom MEMS Manipulator. To do this, the MEMS manipulator is fabricated on the SOI wafer. It is comprised of a parallel bi-lever flexure mechanism and a bent-beam thermal actuator. The flexure mechanism is comprised of an actuator input stage, four lever arms, ten circular flexure hinges, and an output stage. Each flexure hinge provides a point of compliance and acts similar to a rotational joint with an attached rotational spring. These components are significantly stiffer than the flexure hinges, so that they act as rigid bodies in the plane of motion. The static and dynamic parameters of fabricated manipulator are measured and analysis by 3D optical profiling system. It contains a CCD camera, a field-of-view (FOV) lens, a filter assembly, and an illumination source. Light from the illuminator travels through the system and is reflected down to the objective by a beamsplitter. Once the light reaches the objective, another beamsplitter separates the light into two beams. One beam, the reference beam, reflects form a super smooth reference mirror in the objective, while the other reflects form the surface of the sample and back to the objective. With this system, we can measure and analyze the resolution, accuracy, precision, stability and responsibility of MEMS manipulator and it is very useful for fabrication or application of improved manipulator without surface damage.

Since 1995, the small and medium enterprise introduced the Quality Innovation Program that is called 100PPM Quality Renovation Program. A point of 2000, the program's name was changed by Single PPM Quality Innovation Program in pursuit of defects below 10ppm in outgoing quality. Nowaday 1,651 companies is received Single PPM Quality Certification from government at the end of 2008. On the other side, the return or withdrawal of certification is going on because of various reasons. In this study, we analyse the status of certification's preservation and cancellation, and suggest the cooperation ideas between government and companies.

The purpose of this study was to compare gait patterns during pregnancy. Because of the changes in hormone levels and anatomical changes such as body mass, body-mass distribution, joint laxity, and musculotendinous strength that result from pregnancy, it

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of exercise therapy on physical function of patients with anklyosing spondylitis (AS) through the systemic review and meta-analysis. The 54 studies were identified from computerized search of published researches on PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, PEDro, KISS, KERIS database until February, 2008 and review of reference lists. The main search terms were the combination "ankylosing spondylitis", "exercise", "spondyloarthropathy and exercise", "ankylosing spondylitis and physical therapy". The subgroup analysis was performed by the publication year, quality score, type of disease, content of intervention, intervention provider, type of intervention, method of intervention, intervention period and the point of outcome measured. Two reviewers independently selected trials for inclusion, assessed the quality and extracted the data. The result was as follows: The 10 trials were eligible for inclusion criteria, then the systematic review and meta-analysis was assessed on effectiveness of exercise therapy. The meta-analysis of 10 studies based on the random effect model showed that the exercise therapy was beneficial in treating the diseases (effect size .55; 95% confidence interval -.3.75~.61). The findings suggest that the exercise therapy would be appropriate to manage the physical function of AS with evidence based on Meta-analysis. Therefore, the exercise therapy supervised by physical therapist should be recognized as the essential approach to manage the AS and necessarily recommended to improve physical function.

This study examined the vastus medialis oblique (VMO) and the vastus lateralis (VL) onset time differences (OTD) during quadriceps contraction in different hip positions. Twelve healthy subjects were recruited (four men, eight women). Surface EMG activities of the VMO and VL were measured during a quadriceps strengthening exercise in a long sitting condition and in a sitting at a chair with feet hanging condition. For each condition, subjects were tested in two hip positions (neutral and adduction). The OTD between the two muscles was calculated for each condition, by subtracting the onset time of the VL from the VMO. Therefore, the negative value of OTD represent earlier EMG onset of the VMO compared to the VL. The OTD was not significantly different between the hip neutral and the hip adduction position in the long sitting condition (p=.064). However, the OTD was significantly different between the hip neutral position (15.83±109.51 ms) and hip adduction position (-5.58±121.08 ms) during the sitting at a chair with feet hanging condition (p=.047). The negative OTD value in the hip adduction condition during quadriceps strengthening exercises is the result of earlier onset of the VMO than VL. Therefore, quadriceps contraction in the hip adduction position can prevent the risk of patella lateral tracking. We expect that quadriceps strengthening exercise in the hip adduction position will be a safe way to prevent patellofemoral pain syndrome resulting from abnormal patella lateral tracking.

The purpose of this study was to suppose basis data the influence of different chair type and pelvic control on quadriceps muscle activity and strength during knee joint extension isometric exercise in hemiplegic patients. This research were investigated in ten healthy adults and tens hemipelgic patients. Surface electromyography (EMG) and Biodex system were used to collect kinematic data and muscle activity, respectively. Independent t-test, paired t-test and one-way repeated ANOVA were used to determine a statistical significance. The results showed as follows: (1) Posterior pelvic angles in healthy group and hemiplegic group were significantly different on isokinetic equipment (p<.05). (2) Different chair type and pelvic control on quadriceps muscle activity and strength were significantly different in hemiplegic patients (p<.05). From the result of this research, posterior pelvic angle control during knee joint extension isometric exercise in hemiplegic patients on isokinetic equipment is necessary to increase quadriceps muscle strength in hemiplegic patients.

The purpose of this study was to examine contraction of abdominal muscles on surface electromyographic (EMG) activity of superficial cervical flexors, rib cage elevation and angle of craniocervical flexion during deep cervical flexion exercise in supine position. Fifteen healthy subjects were participated for this study. All subjects performed deer cervical flexion exercise with two methods. The positions of two methods were no volitional contraction of abdominal muscles in hook-lying position with 45 degree hip flexion (method 1) and 90 degrees hip and knee flexion with feet off floor for inducing abdominal muscle contraction (method 2). Surface EMG activities were recorded from five muscles (sternocleidmastoid, anterior scaleneus, recuts abdominis, external oblique, internal oblique). And distance of rib cage elevation and angle of craniocervical flexion were measured using a three dimensional motion analysis system. The EMG activity of each muscle was normalized to the value of reference voluntary contraction (%RVC). The EMG activities, distance of rib cage elevation. and angle of craniocervical were compared using a paired t-test between two methods. The results showed that the EMG activities of sternocleidmastoid and anterior scaleneus during deep cervical flexion exercise in method 2 were significantly decreased compared to method 1 (p<.05). Distance of rib cage elevation and angle of craniocervical flexion were significantly decreased in method 2 (p<.05). The findings of this study indicated that deep cervical flexion exercise with contraction of abdominal muscles could be an effective method to prevent substitute motion for rib cage elevation and contraction of superficial neck flexor muscles.

목적 : 본 연구를 통하여 뇌졸중 환자에게 적용된 수정된 강제유도 운동치료가 편측무시 및 일상생활활동에 미치는 효과를 알아보고자 하였다. 연구방법 : 편측무시가 있는 네 명의 뇌졸중 환자에 대한 사례연구이다. 편측무시 현상은 Motor-free Visual Perception Test (MVPT), 선 나누기 검사, 별 지우기 검사와 Catherine Bergego Scale (CBS)을 사용하여, 일상생활활동은 Motor Activity Log (MAL)와 Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM)를 사용하여 측정하였다. 수정된 강제유도 운동치료 전ㆍ후의 변인의 차이를 검증하기 위하여 윌콕슨 부호순위검정을 실시하였다. 결과 : MVPT 수행 결과 치료 전 평균 원점수가 22점에서 치료 후 26점으로, 치료 전 좌측반응점수가 14점에서 치료 후 17점으로 각각 증가하였다. 선 나누기 검사 수행의 평균오차가 35.2mm에서 18.5mm로 감소되었고, 별 지우기와 CBS의 오류점수도 감소하였다. MAL 수행 시 평균 좌측 손사용 횟수와 좌측 손 움직임의 질이 각각 123%, 44% 증가하였다. COPM 수행 시 평균 수행도와 만족도가 각각 2.95점, 3.90점 증가하였다. 그러나 p값이 .06이므로 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없었다(p>.05). 결론 : 본 연구의 결과 수정된 강제유도 운동치료의 적용이 뇌졸중 환자에게 편측무시 증상의 감소와 일상생활활동 향상의 긍정적인 영향을 미치나, 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없었다. 향후 수정된 강제유도 운동치료를 보다 많은 대상자에게 적용하여 그 효과가 검증된다면 임상에서 유용하게 활용할 수 있을 것이다.

목적 : 본 연구의 목적은 인지활동을 병행한 운동훈련이 치매노인의 균형수행능력에 미치는 영향을 알아보는 것이다. 연구방법 : 본 연구에서는 인지활동 중재로 회상활동과 미술활동을 사용하였다. 연구대상자는 60명의 치매환자이다. 회상활동과 운동치료를 병행한 집단(N=20), 미술활동과 운동치료를 병행한 집단(N=20) 그리고 운동치료만 실시한 집단(N=20)으로 총 3개의 집단으로 나누었다. 연구는 2008년 9월 22일부터 3개월간 이루어졌고 평가도구로는 한국판간이정신상태검사(Mini-Mental Status Exam-Korean: MMSE-K)와 버그균형척도(Berg Balance Scale: BBS)이 사용되었다. 결과 : 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 3개월 후 MMSE-K와 BBS 총점은 실험 전 후 유의한 증가가 있었다(p<.05). 그리고 인지활동이 적용된 두 집단은 운동치료만 실시한 집단보다 균형수행능력의 유의한 증가가 있었다. 또한 운동치료만 실시한 집단도 인지능력의 향상이 있었다. 회상활동과 운동치료를 병행한 집단의 MMSE-K와 BBS점수는 다른 집단들에 비해 가장 높은 증가를 보여주었다. 결론 : 이 결과를 통해 인지활동을 병행한 운동치료는 균형능력이 감소된 치매노인환자의 균형수행능력을 증진시키기 위해 사용될 수 있다.

본 연구에서는 입체 영상이 가지는 특성과 시청환경의 특성에 따라 입체 영상을 시청할 때 발생할 수 있는 시각적 피로도를 체계적으로 살펴보기 위해 깊이방향의 운동속도와 응시거리 각각을 입체 영상과 시청환경의 대표적인 특성으로 삼고 각 요인에 의해 발생되는 시각적 피로도를 측정하였다. 시각적 피로도는 눈통증 요인, 시각적 스트레스, 어지러움 요인, 신체 통증 요인, 상흐림 요인으로 구성된 피로도 측정도구를 이용하여 주관적인 시각적 피로도를 측정하였다. 실험 1에서는 깊이 방향의 운동속도를 변화시킨 자극을 40분간 제시하면서 10분, 20분, 40분에 시각적 피로도를 측정하였다. 측정결과 전체 피로도 점수는 시청시간이 증가함에 따라 높아졌지만 운동 속도에 따른 차이를 보이지 않았다. 다섯 개의 하위척도들 중 어지러움 하위척도 점수에 서만 운동 속도가 증가할수록 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 실험 2에서는 동일한 입체 영상을 응시거리만 변화시켜가면서 시각적 피로도를 측정하였다. 전체 피로도 점수는 시청시간이 증가함에 따라 높아졌지만 응시거리에 따른 차이는 발견되지 않았다. 다섯 개의 하위 척도들 중 상흐림 하위척도 점수에서만 응시거리가 멀어질수록 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 입체 영상의 특성이나 시청환경에 따라 시각피로도가 변화될 수 있음을 보여주며, 시각피로도를 발생시키는 요인에 따라 각기 다른 종류의 시각피로도가 발생할 수 있음을 보여준다.