This study is to show the inadequacy of OT-based analyses of opacity, thus defending rule-based analyses. Analyses in the OT`s framework such as Two-Level Constraints, Sympathy Theory, OO- Correspondence Relation, and Local Conjunction of constraint are found to be inappropriate or costly in solving the problem of opacity in Kyungsang dialect of Korean. Post-Obstruent Tensing applies opaquely in close relation to Consonant Cluster Simplification, where violation marks for the opaque candidate and its transparent counterpart are in a proper subset relation. In such a case, any OT-based analysis suffers theoretical strictures.

This study suggests a practical analytic method, by which one can analyze tonal music. The essay begins by testifying the validity of Rameauian harmonic theory and of traditional harmonic analysis by Roman numerals. The analytical limit which the traditional methodology of the harmonic analysis poses is supplemented and combined with the theoretical strengths that Schenkerian theory provides. In contrast to the conventional harmonic analysis by Roman numerals, which focuses exclusively on local levels of the chord to chord, what I call the macro-analysis, in which the individual labels of each chord are jointed through brackets under the chord symbols, incorporates a deep understanding of the harmonic functions of each chord and of the musical contexts and the harmonic syntax that the chords create. The examination of the tonal harmony from a Schenkerian point of view serves as a basis for the application of the eclectic methodology, the dialectical result of the Rameauian and Schenkerian theories, to tonal music. Excerpts from Schubert's Lied, Nact and Tra¨ume and Chopin's Nocturne in A^(b) major, Op. 32, no. 2 are analyzed both by the macro-analytic technique and by the Schenkerian analytic method. The paper reveals that the two analytic methods lead to quite similar analytic results.

본 연구는 지난 50여 년간의 스포츠심리학 연구에서 주류를 이룬 이론적 패러다임을 문헌을 통하여 분석 고찰하고 미래 방향을 보색해 보았다. 1950-1960년대에는 일반 심리학의 조류에 따라 개인특성을 강조하는 기질론적 접근이 스포츠심리학 연구를 크게 지배하였으나, 곧바로 상황과 학습을 강조하는 메카니스틱 행동론이 뒤를 따랐다. 특히, S-R 메카니스틱 접근에 의하여 발달된 욕구이론과 사회적 촉진론은 다양한 각성-수행 이론의 토대가 되었다. 1970년대 인간의 사고가 행동을 지배한다는 인지-행동적 접근은 스포츠심리학 연구에 응용되었으며, 사회적 요인과 결부하여 개인의 사고와 믿음의 상호 작용적 과정을 이해하려는 사회인지적 접근이 1980-1990대 스포츠심리학 연구를 주도하고 있다. 최근에는 개인을 둘러싼 환경 내에서 사람간의 생물, 인지, 사회적 관계를 이해하려는 생태학적 접근이 조심스럽게 대두되고 있다. 스포츠 행동의 역동성과 복잡성은 전통적 과학의 패러다임에 의해서 이해되기 어렵다. 미래 스포츠 심리학에서는 다양한 문화와 공동체 그리고 여러 종류의 학문적 지식체들을 통합하여 스포츠 상황에 실제적으로 적용될 수 있는 이론적 패러다임이 기대된다.

Korean ECM constructions seem to give rise to many interesting problems with the minimalist program. Of these problems, we are mainly concerned with the following: (A) How is the ECMed NP/DP assigned accusative Case despite the fact that the clause containing it is supposed to be finite? (B) How can the ECMed NP/DP be affected by the accusative Case assigner though finite clauses are phases? Accessing answers to these problems, we will find out that some unknown properties of the embedded predicates in Korean ECM constructions are involved in the transitivity restriction, and that there is a derivational mechanism for determining whether given movement is A or A`.

In this paper, I designed the development theory and teaching model for integrated science curriculum by analyzing a diversity of educational curricula and integrated science education practices. There are the results of this paper as follows: 1. After analyzing the curriculum-developing theories presented by Tyler, Johnson, and Posner, I have drawn indispensable factors to develop the integrated science education. Based upon these factors, I have set a whole framework for the integrated science curriculum and design overall curriculum-developing model. I based knowledge-centered integrated science education upon discipline-centered curriculum, social problem-centered integrated science education upon experience-centered curriculum and individual interest-centered integrated science education upon human-centered curriculum. 2. In setting up an overall framework for the integrated science education I sorted out teaching plan from curriculum developing. As I have designed curriculum-developing models, I have designed teaching models in three different directions of integrated science education; To the knowledge-centered teaching model I applied concept-related and exploration-related development method in order to integrate the knowledge of physics, chemistry, biology, and earth science. To the social problem-centered teaching model I applied process-centered development method such as a role-play in order to solve science-related social problems. To the individual interest-centered teaching model I applied the project method which gives the students an opportunity to achieve self-realization through the process of letting them choose the learning contents and conduct investigation for themselves. This study, as a preparation of the new science curriculum, will be applicable to the development of the science curriculum models and can be referenced as the direction of the integrated science education in school.

본 연구에서는 주어진 수위관측망이 유역의 유출특성을 효과적으로 잡아낼 수 있느냐 하는 것에 초점을 맞추어 수위관측망을 평가하였다. 어떤 특수한 목적의 수위관측이나, 댐과 같은 구조물의 영향은 고려하지 알았으며, 단지 현존하는 수위관측소가 자연유량을 관측한다는 전제 하에 주어진 관측망의 최적화를 시도하였다. 본 연구는 남한강유역 내 총 31개의 수위관측소를 대상으로 수행하였으며, 수위관측망의 최적화에는 엔트로피의 개념을 이용하였다. 본 연구의 결과를 정리

Chegyong Im. 2003. Processing of Ambiguous Sentences: An Optimality Theoretic Approach. Studies in Modern Grammar 31, 71-88. Our approach claims that the same principles that govern syntactic structures also contribute to a theory of sentence processing. We also argue, following Gibson & Boihier (1998), that the ambiguities can be resolved by the strategy of Optimality Theory i.e., by picking out the most optimal candidate with the rank of the constraints converted from the principles of Minimalist Program. The constrains suggested here are Thematic Valency, Node Conservativity and Node Locality to explain the preference among the ambiguous interpretations as well as Deictic Condition to select the antecedent for the Pros and anaphors.

본 연구에서는 상수관의 개량사업을 보다 효율적으로 실시 할 수 있는 방법으로 국내 실정에 적합한 상수관로의 노후도 조사방법을 이용하여 매설된 관의 노후도를 예측 근거한 최적 개량 모형을 제시하였다. 노후도 예측 모형은 확률론적 신경망 이론을 바탕으로 관별 노후도 정도를 5개 등급으로 구분하며 산정된 관별 노후도 등급 및 관경을 바탕으로 최대 잔존수명을 산정하였다. 최적 개량 모형은 관의 유지보수, 갱생, 교체의 시기 및 비용을 산정하는 것으로 최단경로흐

It is the purpose of this study to document the decline of voice leading concept for the twentieth-century tonality.In this essay I shall try to show how Shostakovich achieves a sense of unity through the association of interval structures made up of linear melodic patterns and of the voice leading provided by accompanimental harmonic figures.Some twentieth-century music seems to invite the use of traditional analysis.Lots of music by Stravinsky, Bartok, Berg, and even Schoenberg has a kind of tonal sound, at least in certain passage. But on closer inspection, we generally find that tonal theory has little to tell us about most twentieth-century music. When twentieth-century composers create a tonal sound, they usually do so by using non tonal means. And for a piece to be tonal, it must have two things: functional harmony and traditional voice leading. But, a piece is not tonal, does not mean it can't have pitch or pitch-class centers. All tonal music is centric, but not allcentric music is tonal.Post-tonal voice leading models are 3 patterns. The first has its bases in the theories of Heinrich Schenker. The second has its the pitch-class set of Allen Forte and others. The third has its bases in recent theoretical work by David Lewin. The prolongational analysis identifies some tones as structural and others as embellishing. Associational analyses linear projections of harmonic type from musical surface. Transformational model shifts our attention from the chords themselves operations, transformations, that connect them.Nowadays, many composers are again exploring the possibilities of synthesis of tonal and atonal procedures. The time is ripe to approach voice leading techniquesanalytically.

This study provides a possibility of analysing rhythmic attributes of contemporary music through contour theory.The early idea of pitch contour occured as early as 1948 in the writing ofcomposers such as Toch and Schoenberg Over a decade later, the work of Charles Seeger, Charles Adams, and Micczyslaw Kollinski set forth the theories of contour analysis But, in the music theory, the concept was formalized by Robcrt Morris Michael Friedmann, and Larry Polansky, Elizabeth Marvin and Robert Morris, in particular, have signiflcantly developed the analytical methodology with which to apply the contour thory.contrast to the previous results of contour music analysis, which focused onpitch element, this analysis presumes that the rhytbms also show similar characterTo prove the hypothesis this thesis re-classified the Elizabeth Marvin and Noel Painenr's rhythmic analysis theories and adjusted the result into Stockhousen's In freundschaft. As a result the number of rtythmic characters that continuously appear in contemporary music were found Also, the possibility of defining similarities of ythmic element through various methods by adjusting the theories including inversion and retrograde, that are similar to set theory, was found.The contour theory will be a good example of analysing rhythms in contemporary music that were believed to be inconsistent in the past.

합리적 활동이론과 계획된 행동이론은 개인의 지속행동을 예측하는 의도, 태도, 주관적 규준, 통제지각의 관계성을 규명하고 있다. 유교권 합리적 활동모델은 이 이론에서 주관적 규준을 집단동조와 체면으로 대치하였다. 본 연구의 목적은 이 세 개의 이론적 모델들이 구조적 타당도를 운동상황에서 비교 검증하는데 있었다. 모델의 구성개념을 측정하는 일련의 질문지가 530명의 운동 참여자들에게 제공되었으며, 그들의 질문지 응답 자료는 구조방정식 모델(structural equation modeling: SEM)에 의하여 분석되었다. SEM의 분석결과는 모든 모델에서 전반적인 적합도 지수가 수용할 만한 수준을 나타내었다. 좀 구체적으로, 운동의도는 운동지속 행동을 유의하게 예상하고 있으며, 운동의도에 대한 태도와 통제지각의 행로계수들은 유의성을 나타내었다. 그러나, 합리적 활동이론의 주관적 규준과 유교권 합리적 활동모델의 집단동조 및 체면은 운동의도에 유의한 영향을 미치고 있지 않았다. 이 결과들은 이론적 실증적 고찰을 통하여 논의되었으며, 미래 연구가 제안되었다