The urban microscale wind field around the air quality monitoring station was investigated in order to check how a building complex influences it. For this study as the high density areas Jwa-dong and Yeonsan-dong monitoring sites in Busan were chosen. As the direction of inflow which is perpendicular to the building of the monitoring station was expected to cause the considerable variation of the wind field, that direction was selected. The model Envi-met was used as the diagnostic numerical model for this study. It is suitable for this investigation because Envi-met has the microscale resolution. After simulating it, on the leeward side around a building complex the decrease of flow velocity and some of vortexes or circulation area were discovered. In addition, on the edge of the top at the building and at the back of the building the upward flow was developed. If the sampling hole of monitoring site were located in this upward flow, it would be under the influence of upward flow from the near street.

경사수제는 수위에 따라 흐름축소의 정도가 달라지기 때문에 폭이 좁은 수로나 수제설치로 인해 발생하는 수위상승으로 월류의 위험성이 있는 지점에 적용하기에 적합하다. 본 연구는 수제 선단부가 경사를 이루는 경사수제에 대한 수리실험을 수행하였다. 경사수제 실험의 주요 인자는 수제의 선단부 각도와 수심변화이며 이들 주요인자에 의한 수제주변의 유속을 LSPIV (Large Scale Particle Image Velocimetry)기법을 이용하여 측정하였다. 수

지표수 부족과 수질에 대한 불신 때문에 대체 수자원의 확보가 요구되고 있으며, 유력한 대안으로 강변여과에 관심이 모아지고 있다. 국내 최초의 강변여과는 경남 창원에서 2001년에 시작되었으며, 현재 창원시 수돗물의 100%를 여기에 의존하고 있다. 본 연구는 강변여과 취수장 부근 지하수위를 설명하는 시계열 모형의 개발에 관한 것이다. 연구 대상지역은 창원시 대산면 현장으로 11개 관측정으로부터의 5년간(2003년 1월2007년 12월) 지하수위 자료를

青藏高原 동쪽 언저리를 따라 솟아있는 고산 縱谷지대에 藏族, 羌族, 漢族이 거주하고 있다. 높은 산과 계곡 때문에 각 집단들의 거주지가 각각 독립된 생태 구역으로 분리되어 있어 각 집단의 자원영역과 그 경계를 표시하고 보호하기 위해, “山神”이 각 집단을 구분하는 일종의 표식과 신앙이 되고 있다. 원주민들 은 크고 작은 여러 산신들이 가까운 곳에서 먼 곳까지 각각의 집단자원경계를 지키는 것으로 여긴다. 이 뿐만 아니라, 漢藏문화의 영향을 받아 본 지역의 지위가 비교적 높은 산신 들이 漢藏문화 중의 “명산(예를 들어 한족문화 중의 ‘峨眉山’이나 장족문화 중 의 ‘墨爾多神山” 체계 속에 포함되어 있다. 본 논문은 青藏高原의 동쪽주변의 민강유역 藏族, 羌族의 산신신앙을 연구하여 그들이 어떻게 漢.藏族문화 중의 신산신앙과 결합시키는지를 소개하였다. 아울러 산신과 신산신앙이 인류경제 와 사회, 종교생활에서의 의의를 설명하고 있다.

The results of particulate matters level and heavy metal concentration, which surveyed in Gwang-Yang, Dang-Jin steel industry area, are as follows; The PM2.5, PM10 of exposure area are 22.3μg/m3, 40.4μg/m3 each in Kum-Ho dong, and 28.1μg/m3, 51.5 each in Jung dong. The PM2.5, PM10 of control area are 16.4μg/m3, 29.5μg/m3 each in Bonggang-myeon. The level is higher in exposure area than control area. In case of Dang Jin, the concentration of PM10 and PM2.5 is higher in exposure area than control area (PM2.5-20.4μg/m3, PM10-39.2μg/m3). The Pb level of Dang Jin area is higher in exposure area(0.13μg/m3) than control area(0.1μg/m3), and both Gwang-Yang and Dang-Jin area lower level than the Guideline level of Korea EPA.

Wangdol-cho, located 23 km offshore of Hupo in southwest of East Sea, is underwater rock floor, called to Wangdol-Am or Wangdol-Jam and has three tops as Mat-Jam, Middle-Jam and Set-Jam. The composition, abundance, diversity and community structure were investigated in winter and summer in 2002 around Wangdol-cho. The temperature around the Northwest and Southeast part of Wangdol-cho was influenced by the North Korea Cold Current (NKCC) and East Korea Warm Current (EKWC), respectively. Nutrient and chlorophyll-a concentration were higher at the top of Wangdol-cho than other area. A total of 41 genera and 78 species of phytoplankton were identified. The average cell abundance of phytoplankton in winter and summer were 286×103 cells/㎥, 432×103 cells/㎥ respectively. The largest community was Bacillariophyta containing 52 taxa. The dominant species were Lauderia anulata and Coscinodiscus spp. which preferred cold water in winter. In contrast, warm water species such as Rhizosolenia stolterfothii and Ceratium spp. were dominant in summer. The average species diversity index of phytoplankton in winter was higher than that in summer. According to dominant species and standing crops, phytoplankton community resulted in a clear separation. One group was western area, which showed low density, and the other was eastern area, which showed the higher density. The abundance and species composition of phytoplankton were affected by topological characteristics around Wangdol-cho.

The seasonal variations of picoplankton including Prochlorococcus, Synechococcus and Picoeukayotes around Ulneung Island were investigated by flow cytometry in spring, summer and autumn in 2006. All groups of picoplankton showed clear seasonal patterns in population abundance. Among the group, Synechococcus showed the most prominent seasonal variation during the study period. The maximal abundance of Synechococcus occurred in summer and the lowest in autumn. The seasonal distribution of Prochlorococcus displayed the reverse tendency with that of Synechococcus. The abundance of Prochlorococcus ranged from 2.9×103 cells/ml in summer to 311×103 cells/ml in autumn. However, the seasonal distribution of Picoeukaryotes was shown to be relatively constant, and the maximal abundance was 81.5×103 cells/ml in summer. The highest abundance of Picoeukaryotes occurred in summer and the lowest in autumn and the seasonal distribution in abundance of Picoeukaryotes showed a similar trend with that of Synechococcus. The estimated total carbon biomass of picoplankton were ranged from 74.7 mgC/m2 to 1,055.9 mgC/m2. The highest total carbon biomass occurred in summer, but lowest occurred in autumn. The pattern of the contribution of three picoplankton to total autotrophic picoplankton carbon is different. The contribution of Synechococcus to total autotrophic picoplankton carbon is increased to 75%, but the contribution of Prochlorococcus dropped to 12% in summer. The contribution of Picoeukaryotes is ranged from 24% in summer to 72.5% in spring.

This study was conducted to provide scientific information for establishing efficient and systematic measures for nature conservation and management in Manjang-gul lava tube. The number of vascular plants was 204 taxa (82 families, 176 genera, 144 species, 1 subspecies, 26 varieties and 1 forma). Of those, pteridophyte were 5 families, 12 genera, 14 species and 1 variety and gymnosperm were 4 families, 6 genera, 5 species and 1 variety. Seventy three families, 149 genera, 157 species, 1 subspecies, 24 varieties and 1 forma in angiosperm composed of 62 families, 123 genera, 137 species, 1 subspecies, 17 varieties and 1 forma in dicotyledon and 11 families, 26 genera, 20 species and 7 varieties in monocotyledon. The number of naturalized plants was 9 families, 17 genera, 18 species and 3 varieties, totaling 21 taxa.

This study was carried out to evaluate the characteristics of atmospheric concentrations of volatile organic compounds(VOCs) and aldehydes for near a large shipyard. Most of the painting work in marine coating is performed indoor and outdoor. Most of the VOCs are emitted to the atmosphere as the paint is applied and cures. The massive scale of a ship makes it difficult to capture the emissions from outdoor painting. The VOCs are an important health and contributors to photochemical smog. The VOCs and aldehydes samples were collected using adsorbent tube and 2,4-DNPH cartridge, and were determined by an automatic thermal desorption coupled with GC/MS and HPLC-UV analysis, respectively. A total of 16 aromatic VOCs and 12 aldehydes of environmental concern were determined. At indoor coating facilities, the most abundant compound among 16 target VOCs appeared to be m,p-xylene, being followed by o-xylene. But most of the aldehydes were extremely lower concentrations. The atmospheric concentration of VOCs, m,p-xylene concentrations were the highest and the mean value were outdoor workshop 11.323 ppb, residental area 5.134 ppb, and green area 2.137 ppb, respectively. However, the most aldehydes were extremely lower concentrations such as formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and non-detection such as iso-valeraldehyde, n-valeraldehyde and o-tolualdehyde.

본 연구는 변형수제 중 하나로서 "ㄱ" 모양을 갖는 L형 수제(L-type Groyne)에 대한 수리실험 연구이다. 연구 목적은 수제설계를 위한 기초자료인 수제주변(수로부, 수제역)의 흐름특성을 파악하는 것이다. 이를 위해 수리실험을 통하여 수제설계의 주요 수리특성인 주수로의 유속변화, 흐름중심선의 변화 및 흐름분리영역을 분석하였다. 본 연구에서 흐름중심선은 수로내의 최대유속이 발생되는 유선으로 정의하였으며 흐름분리영역은 본류영역인 주흐름과 수제영역인

5 public complaint areas against odor in Changwon Industrial Complex were selected and investigated to clear up the cause of the complaint. 16 companies operated in public complaint areas were visited and had a grip of their situation about odor generation and treatment. Two samples at it's site boundary of each company were taken to measure complex odor unit. Complex odor unit at the site boundary of investigated companies in the public complaint areas, for the most part, exceeded standard(odor unit 20) in industrial area. It was due to that this area was not designated as odor control region and that there are also many problems in current laws of Odor Protection Act, Air Quality Act and regional legislation. Accordingly, It will be necessary to revise the related legislation, to organize governance, to financially support the improvement of environmental facilities and to enforce guidance and the regulation rigidly for the odor emission reduction in Changwon Industrial Complex.

A comprehensive quality survey for heavy metals, organophosphorous and organochlorine residual pesticides, and coplanar PCBs in samples such as water, sediments and soils as well as spiders has been implemented. The samples were undertaken at nine stream sites and their vicinity in August 2006, representing different surrounding environments. The levels of PCBs were expressed as concentrations and WHO-TEFs. Among 12 coplanar PCBs as target compounds in this study, 2,3',4,4',5-PentaCB (IUPAC # 118) was the congener with the highest concentration. The total concentrations and TEF values of coplanar PCBs in Siheung stream sediment (heavy industrial complex site located in Ansan city) were 3915.50 pg/g and 0.8366 pg-TEQ/g on a dry weight basis, respectively. Such levels were around 40 times higher compared to sediment from Gapyung stream (green site located in the upper of Myunggi mountain). It is probably due to the direct input of PCBs from PCBs treatment materials. Organophosphorous (EPN, dementon-s-methyl, diazinon, parathion, and phenthoate) and organochlorine (alpha-BHC, aldrin, 4,4'-DDT, 4,4'-DDE, endosulfan alpha and etc.) pesticides were not detected above 5 ppb of detection limits. The concentrations of Cu and Cd in water and sediment samples from Siheung stream were 44.11 and 0.17 ug/㎖ and 713.42 ㎍/g and 3.73 ㎍/g, respectively, which contained 20～40 times higher concentrations than those from Gapyung stream. In addition to the water and sediment samples, the levels of heavy metals in spider from designated sampling sites were also determined. Heavy metals in spider collected near Siheung stream was appeared to be equivalent and/or a little higher levels with respect to other spiders. Furthermore, the ratio of relative heavy metals (Cu, Cd, and Pb) in spider from each stream site showed a correlation as similar as that of heavy metals in soil samples.

This study has been carried out to examine the feasibility of soil washing process for reducing arsenic contamination level of soil around Dalchên Mine. The results of physicochemical tests of the target soil showed that pH was weak alkalic (pH ~- 7.8), soil texture was coarse sand, and organic contents (5.7%) and CEC (Cation exchange capacity; 21.5 meq/100 g) were similar with those of soils generally found in Korea. Contamination levels of arsenic were found to over 201 mg/kg which exceed the Korea standard levels of countermeasure and concern. To investigate chemical partitioning of heavy metals, sequential extraction procedures were adopted and it was found that arsenic was predominantly associated with the residual fraction among five fractional forms as much as over 85%, which is demonstrating that only less than 15% of all might be vulnerable to a selected washing agents. Among 6 kinds of washing agents applied on the screening for arsenic-contaminated soil, HCl and H3PO4 solution were selected as promising washing agents. In comparison with HCl and H3PO4 solutions for arsenic washing by kinetic experiment in the change of pH, soil-solution ratio, temperature, and washing solution concentration, H3PO4 solution was determined to best one of agents tested, which showed faster washing rate than HCl to accomplish regulatory goal.