Researching and estimating the ecological characteristics of target fish species is crucial for fisheries resource management. The results of these estimates significantly influence stock assessments and management reference points such as size limit and closed seasons. Recently, ecological characteristics have been changing due to overfishing, climate change, and marine pollution, making continuous estimation and monitoring essential. This study analyzed the ecological changes in small yellow croaker (Larimichthys polyactis) resources in Korea over 24 years (2000-2023) using biological data (growth and gonad traits). By estimating the annual length-weight relationship and length at maturity (L50 and L95), we interpreted the numerical trends of early maturation due to resource depletion. The parameter b of the length-weight relationship, indicating the nutritional status of the resources, showed a slight increase over the years, suggesting relatively good nutritional status (b > 3.0) during most periods. Trend analysis between length at maturity and biomass indicated that as biomass decreased, maturity length also decreased.

높은 내화학성과 소수성 특성을 갖는 polymethylpentene (PMP) 소재는 polypropylene 소재 대비 결정성이 낮아 dense skin층을 갖는 비대칭 분리막을 제조하기 수월하지만 녹는점이 높아 가공이 용이하지 않다. 본 연구에서는 비용매 유도 상분리법(NIPS)과 열유도 상분리법(TIPS)을 혼합한 N-TIPS 법을 활용하여 polymethylpentene (PMP) 고분자 분리막을 제조 하고 성능과 특성을 평가하였다. Cyclohexane을 용매로 사용하여 PMP 도프용액을 제조하였으며, 상전이조로 물, EtOH, IPA 를 사용하였다. Cyclohexane과 섞이지 않는 물을 비용매로 상전이한 분리막은 TIPS 영향으로 인해 큰 기공과 높은 기체 투과 도를 보였으나, 표면이 거칠고 구조가 불안정한 특성을 보였다. 반면, cyclohexane과 혼합될 수 있는 알코올류(ethanol, isopropanol) 를 상전이조로 사용한 경우 NIPS 효과로 인해 dense skin층이 형성됨을 확인하며, 높은 기계적 강도를 보였다. 추가 적인 기공형성을 위해 polyethylene glycol (PEG)를 첨가한 경우 기체투과도가 높아지는 결과를 얻을 수 있었다.

The increase in the global sugar-free trend and interest in sugar-free products has resulted in most consumers becoming more interested in products with low or no sugar content. This study explored consumer perceptions of sugar-free products through text network analysis using big data. After collecting the texts, 50 key words were extracted through frequency analysis and TF-IDF analysis. Subsequently, they were categorized into four clusters using degree centrality analysis, social network analysis, and CONCOR analysis, to arrive at the implications. The limitations of the study were then listed.

농업에서 거친 토양 표면은 다양한 문제를 일으킨다. 물, 토양, 씨앗, 비료와 같은 자원을 낭비하여 생산비를 높이고 환경에도 부정적인 영향을 끼친다. 또, 농업 기계는 거친 토양에서 균형을 잡기 어려워 농부들의 편의성을 해치고, 장비의 내구성과 자율 주행 성능을 떨어뜨리는 등 정밀농업의 실현을 방해한다. 거친 토양 표면은 입자가 큰 토양으로 구성되어 있을 가능성이 높으며, 이는 식물 생장을 방해하고 물빠짐에도 영향을 준다. 거친 표토를 측정하는 방식은 농지 전체를 측정하기보단 일부 지점의 거칠기를 측정하여 나머지 지점의 거칠기를 추정하는 것이 다수다. 따라서, 본 연구는 무인비행체(UAV)를 이용해 효율적으로 표토 거칠기를 측정할 수 있는 방안을 제안하고자 한다. 실험은 경상남도 밀양시 부북면에서 40m 높이에서 180장, 86%의 중첩률로 획득한 항공 사진을 이용했다. 이미지 데이터를 바탕으로 만들어진 조밀 점군에서 파이썬으로 중심점으로부터 일정한 반경 이내에 있는 가까운 주변 8개 점을 선택하여 고도차를 이용하여 결과값을 계산하였다. TRI 지수, Roughness 지수, 표준편차 세 가지 지표는 계산 후 농지에 시각화되었다. 일부 지점에서 측정한 표토 거칠기를 바탕으로 나머지 농지에 대한 거칠기 값을 추정하는 방식과 달리, 본 연구는 모든 지점에서의 거칠기 지수를 점군 단계에서 습득할 수 있는 방식을 통해 측정의 정밀도를 높이고 농지 운영을 돕고자 하였다.

최근 늘어나고 있는 이상 기상 현상으로 산사태 위험이 점차 증가하고 있다. 산사태는 막대한 인명 피해와 재산 피해를 초래할 수 있기에 이러한 위험을 사전에 평가함은 매우 중요하다. 최근 기술 발전으로 인해 능동형 원격탐사 방법을 사용하여 더 정확하고 상세한 지표 변위 및 강수 데이터를 얻을 수 있게 되었다. 그러나 이러한 데이터를 활용하여 산사태 예측 모델을 개발하는 연구는 찾기 힘들다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 합성개구레이더 간섭법(InSAR)을 사용한 지표 변위 자료와 하이브리드 고도면 강우(HSR) 추정 기법을 통한 강수 정보를 활용하여 산사태 민감도를 예측하는 기계학습 모델을 제시하고 있다. 나아가 기계학습의 블랙박스 문제를 극복할 수 있는 해석가능한 기계학습 방법인 SHAP을 이용하여 산사태 민감도의 영향 변수에 대한 중요도를 체계적으로 평가하였다. 경상북도 울진군을 대상으로 사례 연구를 수행한 결과, XGBoost가 가장 좋은 예측 성능을 보이며, 도로로부터의 거리, 지표 고도, 일 최대 강우 강도, 48시간 선행 누적 강우량, 사면 경사, 지형습윤지수, 단층으로 부터의 거리, 경사도, 지표 변위, 하천으로부터의 거리가 산사태 예측에 영향을 미치는 주요 변수로 밝혀졌다. 특히, 능동형 원격탐사를 통해 얻은 자료인 강우 강도와 지표 변위의 절댓값이 높을수록 산사태 발생 확률이 높음을 확인하였다. 본 연구는 능동형 원격탐사 자료의 산사태 민감도 연구에서의 활용 가능성을 실증적으로 보여주고 있으며, 해당 자료를 바탕으로 시공간적 으로 변하는 산사태 민감도를 도출함으로써 향후 산사태 민감도 모니터링에 효과적으로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

PURPOSES : Construction standards have resolved overlaps and conflicts between different standards and fields through the introduction of a code system. However, the sub-technical standards were established based on the construction standards at the time of their creation and have not been revised. This has resulted in poor integration and conflicts with revised construction standards, reducing their practical applicability in the construction field. Consequently, to enhance the practical applicability of sub-technical standards and ensure their integration with construction standards, this study aimed to devise technical guidelines for sub-technical standards. METHODS : A brainstorming session was conducted with field experts to evaluate the applicability and necessity of the currently distributed sub-technical standards in the field. Each sub-technical standard was reviewed to determine whether it should be retained or abolished. On the basis of the review results, this study developed a set of draft technical guidelines (Korean Design Standard Guideline (KDSG)/Korean Construction Specification Guideline (KCSG)) for the sub-technical standards that required retention. RESULTS : A comprehensive survey of sub-technical standards identified a total of 154 standards. Of these, 109 were deemed necessary to retain, whereas 45 were considered unnecessary to retain. Among the sub-technical standards requiring retention, 20 were selected for the development of technical guidelines based on their relevance and applicability to the construction standards. A draft of these technical guidelines was subsequently prepared. CONCLUSIONS : A plan was devised to assign technical guideline codes to 20 subordinate technical standards that were deemed consistent with the road construction standards (KDS/KCS 44 00 00). This approach can provide a foundation for reorganizing the system of road construction standards and subordinate technical standards, thereby enhancing their practical usability in the construction field.

PURPOSES : This study aimed to perform real-time on-site construction volume management by using Internet of things (IoT) technology consisting of 3D scanning, image acquisition, wireless communication systems, and mobile apps for new and maintenance construction of concrete bridge deck overlays. METHODS : LiDAR was used to scan the overlay before and after construction to check the overlay volume. An enhanced inductively coupled plasma (ICP) method was applied to merge the LiDAR data scanned from multiple locations to reduce noise, and an anisotropic filter was applied for efficient three-dimensional shape modeling of the merged LiDAR data. The construction volume counter of the mobile mixer was directly photographed using an IP camera, and the data were transmitted to a central server via the LTE network. The video images were transmitted to the central server and optical character recognition (OCR) was used to recognize the counter number and store it. The system was built such that the stored information could be checked in real time in the field or at the office. RESULTS : As a result of using LiDAR to check the amount of overlay construction, the error from the planned amount was 0.6%. By photographing the counter of the mobile mixer using an IP camera and identifying the number on the counter using OCR to check the quantity, the results showed that there was a 2% difference from the planned quantity. CONCLUSIONS : Although the method for checking the amount of construction on site using LiDAR remains limited, it has the advantage of storing and managing the geometric information of the site more accurately. Through the IoT-based on-site production management system, we were able to identify the amount of concrete used in real time with relative accuracy.

PURPOSES : As evaluation methods for road paving materials become increasingly complex, there is a need for a method that combines computational science and informatics for new material development. This study aimed to develop a rational methodology for applying molecular dynamics and AI-based material development techniques to the development of additives for asphalt mixtures. METHODS : This study reviewed relevant literature to analyze various molecular models, evaluation methods, and metrics for asphalt binders. It examined the molecular structures and conditions required for calculations using molecular dynamics and evaluated methods for assessing the interactions between additives and asphalt binders, as well as properties such as the density, viscosity, and glass transition temperature. Key evaluation indicators included the concept and application of interaction energy, work of adhesion, cohesive energy density, solubility parameters, radial distribution function, energy barriers, elastic modulus, viscosity, and stress-strain curves. RESULTS : The study identified key factors and conditions for effectively evaluating the physical properties of asphalt binders and additives. It proposed selective application methods and ranges for the layer structure, temperature conditions, and evaluation metrics, considering the actual conditions in which asphalt binders were used. Additional elements and conditions considered in the literature may be further explored, considering the computational demands. CONCLUSIONS : This study devised a methodology for evaluating the physical properties of asphalt binders considering temperature and aging. It reviewed and selected useful indicators for assessing the interaction between asphalt binders, additives, and modified asphalt binders and aggregates under various environmental conditions. By applying the proposed methods and linking the results with informatics, the interaction between asphalt binders and additives could be efficiently evaluated, serving as a reliable method for new material development.

PURPOSES : This paper presents a foundational study aimed at strengthening the competitiveness of future overseas construction engineering projects, efficiently guiding investment decisions for the government or private sectors and establishing policy suggestions for areas that need to be supplemented and linked. METHODS : The data envelopment analysis (DEA) model was used to measure the operational efficiency for individual types of work. The DEA model for measuring efficiency uses the representative Charnes, Cooper, and Rhode (CCR) and Banker, Charnes, and Cooper (BCC) models. RESULTS : By using statistics of overseas construction projects and conducting DEA, it was revealed that construction management was most needed in the energy facility sector of overseas construction projects. CONCLUSIONS : Although the capabilities of our country's companies are excellent, it was evident that the energy and industrial facilities sectors, which need to be supplemented to enhance their competitiveness, require policy support that incorporates construction management (CM). Consequently, it was confirmed that the construction management sector needs investment that should continue to be activated in the future. Additional research is needed that considers variables and environments related to overseas construction projects’ on-site conditions. To this end, the government should continue to promote research and government investment linked to CM to make progress in overseas construction sectors.

국제해사기구는 국제해운의 온실가스 배출을 줄이기 위한 전략을 채택하였으며, 선박 기인 온실가스 배출을 줄이기 위해 보다 강화된 목표를 설정하고 있다. 액체수소를 기화시켜 연료로 사용하는 고분자 전해질 연료전지는 이러한 규제를 준수하기 위한 유망한 기 술 중 하나로 평가받고 있다. 일반적으로 선박시스템 설계는 선급의 규정에 따라야 하지만 환경규제가 강화됨에 따라 새로운 연료와 시 스템의 도입이 가속화되고 있으며, 이로 인해 규정개발이 기술의 도입을 따라가지 못하는 경우도 발생하고 있다. 이러한 격차를 해소하기 위해, 본 연구에서는 수소 연료가스공급 시스템을 대상으로 위험요소 및 운전분석 기법(HAZOP)과 보호계층분석 기법(LOPA)을 결합하여 신기술의 안전성을 검증하는 방법을 제시하였다. 먼저 HAZOP을 통해 위험 시나리오를 식별하고, LOPA를 통해 정성적인 HAZOP 결과를 정량적으로 보완하였다. 초기사건의 빈도와 독립보호계층(IPL)들의 작동 요구시 고장 확률(PFD)을 계산하였다. 기존 IPL의 적절성을 결정 하기 위해, 예상되는 완화 정도를 가정한 허용기준과 비교하였으며, 필요한 경우, 추가 IPL을 권장하였다. 본 연구를 통해서 HAZOP-LOPA 기법이 조선해양 분야에서 신기술의 안전성을 평가할 수 있는 잠재력을 가지고 있음을 확인하였다.

Purpose: This study explored teachers’ experiences of practicing character education focusing on Juingonggwanbeop in elementary schools. The goal was to provide universal Juingong-gwanbeop character education programs for schools. Methods: This study used one-on-one in-depth interviews to collect data from teachers working at different elementary schools regarding their character education experiences. The collected data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Results: 5 themes and 16 sub-themes were derived from the analysis. The five themes included “Starting Juingong-gwanbeop character education for various reasons”, “Feeling joy when seeing students changing through Juingong-gwanbeop character education”, “Difficulties in managing Juingong-gwanbeop character education”, “Development and dissemination of standardized Juingong-gwanbeop character education programs”. Conclusion: The findings showed that both students and teachers experienced positive changes and growth in their school lives through Juingong-gwanbeop character education. The participants expressed a strong desire to develop universal programs and materials for teachers who have not been exposed to Juingong-gwanbeop.

Purpose: This study aimed to explore the experiences of instructors who participated in and operated a parent education program utilizing the Juingong-gwan practice at the H Science Institute, and to understand the meaning and essence of this program. Methods: This study employed a qualitative content analysis. In-depth individual interviews were conducted with six instructors who participated in the parental education program at H Science Institute. Data were collected over three months from July to September 2023. Results: Seven main themes were identified from the instructors’ experiences in the parent education program at the H Science Institute. The main themes include “Participation with various motivations,” “The essense of parent education: team discussions,” “Feeling compassion and responsibility,” “Challenges in creating lectures,” “Realizing the possibility of mutual change,” “Growth and Transformation through instructor and helper roles,” and “Hope to spread awareness.” Conclusion: This study confirmed that the parent education program utilizing the Juingong-gwan practice at H Science Institute promotes positive changes for both parents and instructors. It also suggests the need for program development, including the use of online platforms, the introduction of step-by-step advanced courses, the provision of follow-up programs, and the expansion of programs that support both teachers and parents.

Purpose: The study aim was to explore the meaning of male nursing students’ experiences in women’s health nursing practicum through photovoice and focus group interviews. Ways to improve the conditions and quality of practicum education for women’s health nurses were explored. Methods: The participants were eight senior male nursing students who had completed a women’s health nursing practicum. They captured topic-specific photos depicting their experiences in a women’s health nursing practicum through the photovoice method and conducted focus group interviews using the PHOTO strategy to explore the meanings behind the photos. The final data were analyzed using a content analysis. Results: The male nursing students’ experiences in the women’s health nursing practicum produced five themes: “The untraveled Way.”, “Role conflicts amid indifference.”, “Opportunities that never come.”, “Unable to overcome gender barrier.”, and “The time of perseverance and hope.”, These five themes were accompanied by 13 sub-themes. Conclusion: Though initially apprehensive, the study participants engaged in women’s health nursing practices with excitement and anticipation. Despite experiencing discrimination and role conflict due to gender differences, they discovered opportunities for growth through a simulation practicum. Anticipating personal development from their experiences, they desired a future in which male nurses would be recognized solely as nurses, without gender distinctions. Efforts are required to enhance awareness and organizational culture and prevent discrimination based on gender differences. Comprehensive endeavors are necessary for enhancing the quality of clinical practice education by developing and validating women’s health nursing practicum programs covering diverse topics.

이 연구에서는 노인스마트폰활용교육 프로그램이 대학생의 노인에 대한 태도 변화에 미치는 효과 를 분석하였다 대학생과 노인 각각 명을 대상으로 . 20 11회기의 노인스마트폰활용교육 프로그램을 적 용한 다음, 비모수 집단의 Wilcoxon 결합-조 기호-순위검증을 통해 효과를 검증하였다. 대학생의 노 인에 대한 태도 사전검사와 사후검사 간에 통계적으로 의미있는 차이가 있는 것으로 나타나서, 노인스 마트폰활용교육 프로그램은 긍정적인 효과가 있는 것으로 검증되었다. 노인스마트폰활용교육 프로그램은 노인과 대학생들이 상호작용하는 과정을 통해 대학생들로 하여 금 노인에 대한 태도 개선을 돕는 효과적인 프로그램임이 규명되었다. 본 연구는 대학생들을 대상으로 노인에 부정적인 태도를 긍정적인 태도로 변화시키는 데 노인스마트폰활용교육 프로그램이 효과가 있 음을 실증적으로 검증해 보았다는 점에서 의의가 있다.

본 연구에서는 20∼50대 성인 여성을 대상으로 SNS를 통한 네일샵의 활용실태 및 SNS 정보 신뢰도와 네일샵 선택요인에 미치는 영향을 알아보고, SNS를 통한 효과적인 홍보를 통하여 고객 만족과 충성고객 확보 및 네일업계의 경영전략에 기여 하고자 연구를 진행하였다. 설문 조사는 SNS를 사용하며 네일샵을 이용해 본 20∼50대 성인 여성을 대상으로 최종 403부를 분석하여 사용하였다. 연구 결과, 일반 적 특성에 따른 SNS를 통한 네일샵의 이용실태에서는 각 요인에 따라 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났으며, SNS를 통한 네일샵 이용실태에 따른 정보 신뢰도와 SNS 네일샵 선택요인, 네일샵 SNS 활용에 따른 SNS 정보 신뢰도, 네일샵 선택요인에 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, SNS 정보 신뢰도가 SNS를 통한 네 일샵 선택요인에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 네일샵 경영전략 수립을 위한 마케팅의 기초 자료 및 네일샵을 이용하는 소비자들의 만족도를 높여 네일 미용 시장의 활성화에 도움이 될 수 있을 것이 다.

Abstract Handling imbalanced datasets in binary classification, especially in employment big data, is challenging. Traditional methods like oversampling and undersampling have limitations. This paper integrates TabNet and Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) to address class imbalance. The generator creates synthetic samples for the minority class, and the discriminator, using TabNet, ensures authenticity. Evaluations on benchmark datasets show significant improvements in accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score for the minority class, outperforming traditional methods. This integration offers a robust solution for imbalanced datasets in employment big data, leading to fairer and more effective predictive models.