이 판례평석은 부동산에 대한 상사유치권의 인정여부와 부동산에 선순위로 설정된 근저당권과 그 이후 점유가 개시된 상사유치권과의 우열관계와 관련한 대법원 2013. 2. 28. 선고 2010다 57350 판결과 대법원 2011. 12. 22. 선고 2011다 84298 판결에 관한 것이다. 상사유치권에 관하여는 금융기관의 담보설정, 부동산경매, 도급관계 등에서 여러 채권자들간의 우열관계에 대한 시비로 상당히 많은 분쟁이 발생하고 있다. 이는 상사유치권이 불완전한 공시방법임에도 불구하고 유치적 효력으로 인하여 사실상 다른 채권자보다 채권을 우선적으로 확보하게 하는 우선 변제적 효력을 갖고 있는 것에서 기인한다. 오늘날 대규모 상가 등을 건축할 경우, 공사도급계약의 당사자 쌍방 모두가 상인인 경우가 많고, 공사대금채권 또한 쌍방적 상행위의 결과로 발생함은 물론 공사수급인이 도급인에 대한 공사대금채권 등으로 건축부지를 점유하는 경우가 많이 발생하고 있다. 현행 상법은 상사유치권의 성립요건으로 피담보채권과 유치목적물과의 견련관계를 요구하고 있지 않기 때문에(상법 제58조) 상행위에 의해 건축부지를 사실상 점유하게 된 공사수급인으로서는 상사유치권을 주장하여 자신의 권리를 보호받을 수 있는 것이 아닌가라고 생각할 수 있다. 그러나 공사수급인이 건물 외에 건축부지에 대해서도 유치권을 행사할 수 있다면 건축부지에 대출을 하여 주고 선순위 근저당권을 설정 받은 담보권자 입장에서는 권리를 침해당할 수 있게 되어 상사유치권자와의 형평성문제가 발생하게 된다. 이러한 문제로 인하여 상사유치권의 성립범위와 효력을 적절히 제한해야 한다는 필요성이 대두 되었고, 그러한 필요성에 따라 대법원 2013. 2. 28. 선고 2010다 57350 판결은 상사유치권이 성립한 시점이 근저당권의 성립시점보다 앞서야만 상사유치권을 인정할 수 있다고 판시하여 상사유치권의 효력범위를 제한하게 되었다. 그러나 상사유치권의 효력은 상법에 규정이 없어 민사유치권의 효력에 따르는 것으로 해석되어 왔는데 상사유치권의 효력에 관한 입법적 해결 없이 위 대법원 판례처럼 해석만으로 상사유치권의 효력범위를 제한하는 것이 타당한 것인지는 의문이다. 즉 현행 민법은 선순위 근저당권자와 같은 채권자를 희생시키더라도 유치권의 사실상 우선변제적 효력을 인정하고 있고 다만 우선변제적 효력의 불합리한 점을 보완하기 위하여 법을 개정하려고 하는데, 민사유치권의 효력규정을 그대로 적용하는 상사유치권은 그러한 입법적 해결없이 해석만으로 상사유치권의 효력범위를 제한하고 있는 것이다. 이러한 해석은 상사유치권의 효력에 관하여 법문언의 의미를 넘어선 자의적인 법해석일 수 있다. 따라서 유치권자와 선순위 담보권자와의 형평성을 고려하여 조화로운 방법을 모색하고자 한다면 상사유치권의 효력에 관하여는 법률의 규정을 신설하는 등 입법적으로 해결하는 것이 타당하다고 하겠다.

This paper investigates the biblical and political implications of Ai Weiwei's work entitled <S.A.C.R.E.D.>, which was shown at the 55th Venice Biennale in Venice, Italy, 2013. With the biblical Passion images and metaphor of Christ, Ai is finely depicted as Christ and martyr while having suffered during his detention by Chinese authorities for 81 days. Tracing back to such biblical theme as suffering, death, and resurrection of Christ, Ai has played in six large boxes called Supper, Accusers, Cleansing, Ritual, Entropy, Doubt, into which the viewer can peek to see him eating meal, asleep in bed, taking a shower, on toilet with two uniformed guards. The title is reminiscent of religious artifacts by the Italian Old Masters in the church of Sant'Antonin, which represent the invisible holiness. The installation in individual boxes in the church should be interpreted in the context of Christ's Passion such as Agony in the Garden of Gethsemane, Last Supper, Arrest, Mocking, Crucifixion, Deposition, and Lamentation implied in the Stations of the Cross and the Temptations of St Anthony, to whom the church is dedicated. Through the religious images, the viewer can assume Ai's propaganda to the concrete figures of Christ and the Saint to create his own self-portrait. Conceived with the wooden-stool sculpture <Bang> in the German pavilion and with <Straight>, his massive accumulation of crushed rebars from the children's schools collapsed in the 2008 Sichuan earthquake at the Zuecca Project Space, Ai in <S.A.C.R.E.D.> can be interpreted as having made a dialogue between the martyr and the dissent artist. <S.A.C.R.E.D.>, Ai's first work made in response to his own trauma and memories during his detention, has surprisingly positioned him as Christ, a saint, and a martyr, although he denied it. This study aims to explore Ai's use of the biblical iconography as metaphor, which reinforces his own torture, claustrophobia, enclosure, surveillance, and humiliation, especially in relation to his detention.

Purpose: To examine the relationship between working in a very dry clean room (relative humidity less than 1%) and dry eye, and its progress by lapse of time. Methods: Targeting 352 employees working in a clean room of onesecondary cell production plant, it performed a dry eye examination in 2011, 2012, and 2013, totally three times. It performed the TFBUT, Schirmer’s test,slit lamp microscope examination, and Mac Morning survey. dry eye stages were classified based on the DEWS criteria. The annual examination results were analyzed through the Anova test and the post-mortem was conducted with Tukey, and in order to learn the effect of working time on dry eye, anunivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted having dry eye examination results as a dependent variable and working time as an independent variable. Results: According to TFBUT and Mac Morning survey, dry eye degenerated as time passed. There was no change in the Schirmer’s test. Considering that as a result of the univariate logistic regression analysis having dry eye examination results as a dependent variable and working time as an independent variable, in the Mac Morning survey, the cross ratio increased up to 1.127(95%CI 1.033~1.230)by lapse of time, it could be found that as working time is elongated, the complaining rate of dry eye increases. Conclusion: It is thought that a clean room with a relative humidity less than 1% affects causing dry eye. Working time limitation, job rotation, and health care such as prescription of artificial tear solution without preserved agent are necessary.

Purpose: To understand the pattern of prescribing contact lenses in Korea during 2010 to 2013 Methods: Four hundred survey questionnaires were randomly posted to Korean Optometric clinics for 4 years. The questionnaire was the same form used for International Contact Lens Prescribing Trend and designed to collect information about the contact lenses prescribed to the first 10 patients after its receipt. Results: Among the four hundred survey questionnaires, 1937 fits were used for the analysis. The mean age at fitting was 26.2±±7.0 in 2010, 26.1±±7.6 in 2011, 24.7±±6.6 in 2012 and 24.8±±7.2 in 2013. The majority of fits were female patients (75%). Rigid Gas Permeable Lenses (RGP) accounted for 10% of the fits. Amongst the soft contact lenses, silicon hydrogel lenses were 18% of fits (17% in 2010, 10% in 2011, 20% in 2012, 24% in 2013). Toric design lenses accounted 17% of soft lenses fits and had increased during 4 years (10% in 2010, 18% in 2011, 16% in 2012, 22% in 2013), And cosmetic contact lens accounted for 29% (15% in 2010, 20% in 2011, 40% in 2012, 41% in 2013). Conclusions: The majority of the contact lenses wearers were female and mean age become slightly younger. In relation to increase of younger female contact lens wearer, cosmetic lenses prescribed was much higher (29%) than global mean (7%) and gradually increased for last 4 years. This trend could be related to the growth of beauty market in Korea. Furthermore, silicon hydrogel lenses prescribed had increased during 4 years as global market trend (silicon hydrogel lenses accounted 52% of soft contact lenses in global market).

2013년 12월 인도네시아 발리에서 개최된 『제9차 WTO 각료회의』에서 WTO “발리 패키지”가 최종 타결되었다. 이번 협정은 2015년 7월 말까지 WTO 회원국의 동의 절차를 밟게 되며, 회원국 3분의 2 이상이 동의하면 해당 회원국에 한해 협정이 발효된다. 2001년 11월 카타르 도하에서 개최된 WTO 제4차 각료회의에서 농업, 서비스, 비농산물, 무역 규범, 환경, 지식재산권, 분쟁 해결 등의 협상 의제와 방식 등을 담은 “도하개발어젠다(DDA)”가 출범되었으나, 농산물에 대한 수입국과 수출국의 대립, 공산품에 대한 선진국과 개발도상국의 이해관계 및 의견 차이로 인하여 타결되지 못하였다. 발리 패키지에서는 조기수확(early harvest) 접근방식을 도입하여 DDA의 일부 부문에 대해서만 우선 타결한다는 목표로 협상을 추진하였고, 그 결과 DDA 협상의제 중 무역원활화, 농업 부문, 개발·최빈개도국 이슈 등 3개 부문에 걸쳐 10개의 합의문이 채택되었다.발리 패키지는 WTO 출범 이후 타결된 최초의 다자간 무역협상이다. 발리 패키지의 타결로 WTO의 기능 및 신뢰가 회복되었고, 향후 잔여 DDA 분야의 협상 타결 가능성이 높아졌다. 그러나 협상 분야가 매우 제한적이고, 회원국의 3분의 2 이상이 동의해야 발효되며, 동의한 회원국에만 적용되는 한계가 있다. 발리 패키지의 타결로 전 세계적으로 무역 1조 달러, 일자리 2,000만개 이상이 늘어날 것으로 예상되고, 우리나라의 GDP도 장기적으로 8% 이상 증가할 것으로 기대된다.

This study was conducted to investigate the changes of hormone levels of serum progesterone (P4) and estradiol-17 β (E2) in sows of Landrace (L), Yorkshire (Y) and F1 (L × Y) (respectively n=3) with excellent ability, and to provide a baseline data for improving reproductive performance. In this experiment, the sows at the age of 12 months or more were used. The sows were fed by two way methods, one is conventional methods and the other is 3 days-flushing feed before estrus. Each pig’s blood was collected in 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 and 18 days after the estrus for the analyses of P4 and E2. Serum was separated by centrifugation for 15 min. with 3,000 rpm. Progesterone and estradiol-17β were measured by immunochemical assay (ELIZA test). In conventional feeding, serum progesterone levels were significantly (p<0.01) higher in F1 than in L and Y. No significant differences in P4 concentrations were seen between the L and Y of sows. Serum E2 levels were similar the serum progesterone levels. In the case of flushing feed, the tendency of hormonal changes were similar to conventional methods. But almost of hormonal levels were a little higher than that of conventional methods. P4 level of L and Y in flushing feed were significantly different (p<0.01). Serum E2 level of Y in flushing feed was significantly different among the breeds (p<0.01). These results were similar to the tendency of hormonal changes in general sows and moreover, flushing feed is known to develop the swine production, these results proved the fact of the methods. And these results suggested that more studies about hormonal changes in sows according to seasonal and nutritional factors should be needed.

This research was a Research and Development (R&D) project which aimed at developing digital storytelling based local wisdom through Blended Learning as an innovative media for teaching English at eighth grade students of SMP Negeri 1 Petang. The development model used in this research was adapted from the development of Luther’s model (in Sutopo, 2003). The data were collected by using documentation technique, interview, observation, and questionnaire. This research found that, (1) in developing digital storytelling based local wisdom through a Blended Learning method required a number of chronologically steps, namely: observation, need analysis, media prototype design, expert judgment, revision of the product, field testing, analyzing of data and finalizing the final product; (2) the total mean score of the questionnaire filled by the English teacher was 4.09, it indicated that the product was categorized as excellent, and (3) furthermore, the result of the questionnaire filled by the students was 3.76, this meant that the implementation of the product could be categorized as good. The results of this study were as expected and can help both the teachers and the students in the process of teaching and learning English, especially narrative text.