장스팬 철골부재설계시, 응력보다는 처짐에 의해 부재단면이 결정되며 이러한 경우 춤을 극대화 할 수 있는 셀룰러 빔이 매우 유리하다. 셀룰러 빔은 웨브의 단면결손으로 인해 웨브의 좌굴강도가 일반형강보의 비해 작아지게 된다. 본 논문에서는 셀룰러 빔의 개구부간격과 직경비, 그리고 개구부직경과 웨브두께비를 주요변수로 비선형 유한요소해석을 통해 웨브포트의 좌굴강도를 평가하였다. 또한 이를 BS5950 Part 1에서 제시하고 있는 기준과 비교분석하였다.

As the use of vehicle route application and LBS (location based service) are fast grew, the importance of maintaining road network data is also increased. To maintain road data accuracy, we can collect road data by driving real roads with probe vehicle, or using digital image processing for the extraction of roads from aerial imagery. After compare the new road data to current database, we can update the road database, but that job is mostly time and money consuming or can be inaccurate. In this paper, an updating method of using GPS (global positioning system) enabled cell phone is proposed. By using GPS phone, we can update road database easily and sufficiently accurately.

The aims 0 1' t his study we re to evaluate proliferative and apoptotic cell distribution pattern in condylar articu lar and pl'oliferative layer as two types of diet(soft and ha rd) we1'e supplied to growing 1'a ts, 30 male Sprague Dawley g1'owing l'ats(twenty-one c1ays fl'om bi l'th) were c1ivided into two group, Each 15 rats were supplied by soft and hal'd di et , After c1 iluted Bl'du solution(5mg/ Kg)was injected into pel'itoneum befol'c sacrificc. rats wel'e sacl'i f iced at 1. 2. 3 week llltel'vals St1'eptoavidin-Biotin method for Brdu was used to evaluate celluJar proliferative activity. ancl fluol'escent TUNEL method was used to estima te the apoptotic activity, The results about this expe riment wel'e recorded about ante1'io1' and posterior condyle separateJy, In anteriol' portion of condyle, soft diet group showed inc1'eased p1'olife1'ative celluJar activity tha n hal'd diet group dw'ing 1, 2 week but decl'eased than hal'd diet g1'oup at 3 weeks. while hal'd diet group showed constant p1'oliferative cellular activity during all experimenta l period , ln posterior pOl'tion of condyl e、soft diet group showed increased activity than hard diet group at 3 weeks, while ha rd di et gl'oup showed constant proliferative cellular activity during exper‘ imental period , In a nterior pOl'tion of condyle‘ soft c1 iet group showed increased apoptotic activity with time progress, but hard diet group showed continuous low level of activity during experimental period , In posterio1' porti on 0 1' condyle, hard diet group showed cons tant low level apoptotic activity, plthough showed the lowes t leveJ at 1 week, On the con trary soft diet g1'oup showed c1ecl'eased apoptotic activity wi th time progress, ConcJusively, in soft diet group an teroposterior direction was reduced in condyJar morphologic dimension because of decreased prol iferative cellular and increased apoptotic activity on anterior portion and vertical dimension 0 1' condyle was increased because of increased proliferative cellular and decreased apoptotic activity on posterior portion. but in hard di et group proli ferative cellular and apoptotic activity were comparatively constant. and thus harcl diet group s howed antet'opos teriorJy broad and flat condylar morphoJogy

  We analyze a voice/data integrated traffic model of the cellular mobile communication system with hybrid guard channels for voice and handoff calls. In a multi-service integrated wireless environment, quality of service guarantee is crucial for smooth t

  This paper presents design and development of a simulator evaluates the performance of a hierarchical cellular system. The proposed hierarchical cellular simulator, consisting of macro, micro, and pico cells, applies the wrap-around technique to reduce

Cellular metals based on Iron have been intensively investigated during the last two decades. Because of the significant decreasing of the structural density of Iron based cellular structures, numerous technologies have been developed for their manufacturing. Besides the tremendous weight reduction a combination with other properties like energy and noise absorption, heat insulation and mechanical damping can be achieved. This contribution will give an overview about the latest state in Iron based cellular materials, including technologies in manufacturing, properties and potential applications.

This paper presents the application of integrated mathematical programming approach for the design of cellular manufacturing. The proposed approach is carried out in two phases: The first phase concerning exceptional elements(EEs) in cell formation and th

This paper proposes the heuristic approach for the generalized GT(Group Technology) problem to consider the restrictions which are given the number of cell, maximum number of machines and minimum number of machines. This approach is classified into two st

본 연구는 콘택트렌즈 착용자를 대상으로 압입 세포진단법 (Impression cytology) 을 이용하여 결막 표면을 평가하고자 시행하였다. 콘택트렌즈 착용자 38 명， 콘택트렌즈 착용을 한 번도 착용하지 않은 건강한 눈을 가진 대조군 35 명을 대상으로 Impres - sion cytology를 시행하여 대상자들의 결막 상피의 형태릎 조사하였다. Impression cytology는 겸체가 PAS system으로 염색이 된 후에 배상 세포의 밀도， 상피 세포의 크기와 형태， 상피 세포의 핵 : 세포질 (N: C) 비율 등의 변화룹 기초로 한 Nelson 의 등급에 따라 겸 체를 4단계로 분류하였다. 콘택트렌즈 착용자를 렌즈 착용 기 간에 따라 다시 3그룹으로 분류하여 Impression cytology를 시행하여 Nelson 의 Grade scale 에 따라 평가한 결파 0-12 개월 착용자에 서 정상에 해당하는 Grade 0은 53.85%, 13 - 487R 월 착용자에서는 20% 이며， 48개월 이상 착용자에서는 없었으며 Grade 1 이상이 100% 로 나타났다 콘택트렌즈 착용 기 간이 길수록 Snake-like chromatin changes 와 같은 세포학적 변화가 많음을 알 수 있었다. 이상의 결과로 콘택트렌즈 착용자의 안구표면에 대한 세포조직학적 조사는 Impression cytology를 이용하여 평가하는 것이 유용할 것으로 사료된다. 특히 Impression cytology는 비침습적이며 안전하고 간단한 생겸 방볍으로 사용될 수 있 고， 건성안과 콘택트렌즈 착용자에서 다양한 안구 표변 변화를 이해하는데 도움이 될 것이다.

This paper proposes the heuristic algorithm for the generalized GT problem to consider the restrictions which are given the number of cell, maximum number of machines and minimum number of machines. This algorithm is classified into two stages. First stage is the course to form machine cells. we use the similarity coefficient which proposed and calculate the similarity values about each pair of all machines and align these values descending order. If any machine which is composed of selected similarity coefficient is possible to link the other machine on the edge of machine cell and have regard to restrictions and different kind relation among machines in the machine cell, then we assign the machine to the machine cell. Next stage is the course to form part families using proposed grouping efficacy. This stage is also completed when every part is assigned to the machine cell. The results of using the proposed algorithm are compared to the Modified p-median model. The computational results show that the proposed algorithm provides a powerful means of solving the machine-part grouping problem.

This paper presents the application of integrated mathematical programming approach for the design of cellular manufacturing. The cores of the proposed approach are two phases; concurrently a dealing with exceptional elements(EEs) and cell formation and facilities layout design. A policy dealing with EEs considers minimizing the total costs of three important costs ; (1) intercellular transfer (2) machine duplication and (3) subcontracting. And important issue is the calculation of the number of machines needed by considering the maximum utilization of machines and the available capacity of a machine that can be transferred for intercell moving is an key. Facilities layout design is considered to reflect the real field data such as the operation sequence of the parts to be manufactured. quadratic. The model is formulated as mixed integer programming that is presented to find the optimal solution.

In designing and operating cellular networks, it is assumed that the area of coverage is geographically divided into hexagonal cells. Among these cells, a certain number of cells are chosen to install switches that serve as relays for communications between any pair of cells. Then, each cell is assigned to a switch to complete the cellular network. This decision regarding assignment of cells to switches is known as a CSA (Cell-to-Switch Assignment) problem. Since this problem is so-called NP hard problem, many researches have proposed heuristic-based algorithms to provide near-optimal solutions with a reasonable computation time. Considering these characteristics of the CSA problem, this work develops a genetic algorithm and a local search algorithm. Throu호out a number of experiments, the performance of the proposed algorithms are evaluated, and compared with existing heuristic method

본 연구는 운전 시뮬레이션 실험을 통해 운전 중 휴대 전화 사용이 운전 속도의 변화에 따라 운전 수행에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 알아보고자 할 목적으로 수행되었다. 본 연구에서는 일반적인 토로 상황을 모사하기 위해 직선 도로와 곡선 도로가 모두 제시되었으며, 운전자는 60, 80, 100및 120km/h의 주행 속도를 체계적으로 변화시킨 조건에서 운전하도록 하였다 이러한 운전 조건에 따라 운전자들은 핸즈-프리 장치 조건과 핸즈-헬드 장치조건 중 한 조건에 할당되었으며, 각각의 휴대전화 유형에서 전화를 사용하는 조건(실험 조건)과 사용하지 않는 조건(통제 조건)을 모두 수행하였다 이러한 조건에 대해 운전자들이 보인 차량의 종적 통제와 횡적 통제를 측정하여 운전 수행을 비교하였다. 본 연구의 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. (1) 전체적인 분석에서 전화를 사용하는 조건과 사용하지 않는 조건에서 운전 수행의 차이가 관찰되었고, (2) 전화 사용의 유형(즉, 핸즈-프리와 핸즈-헬드 조건) 사이에는 차이가 없었다. (3) 일반적으로, 운전 속도가 증가함에 따라 전화를 사용하면서 운전을 하는 조건에서 속도의 변산성과 차선 내 횡적 위치, 그리고 차간 거리의 변산성이 증가하였다. 이러한 결과들은 운전 중에 어떠한 유형의 휴대폰을 사용하는 것이 더 운전 수행에 손상을 주는지의 여부보다 단순히 전화를 사용하는 것 자체가 운전 수행을 손상시킬 수 있다는 것을 시사하며, 특히 운전 수행과 휴대폰 사용의 관계를 고려할 때 다른 운전 조건(예를 들면, 운전 속도)을 고려해야 한다는 것을 시사한다.