Despite a ban on international trade in parts and derivatives of endangered species, illegal killing, trading, and consumption of endangered wild animals have continued to be the major causes of their rapid decline. The numbers of some endangered species (e.g., tigers, rhinos, elephants, marine turtles etc.) have been declining at an alarming rate in recent decades due to the rising wealth and increasing desire to display their wealth in East and Southeast Asian countries, including China.

This research was conducted to explore how fashion exhibitions, in this case with a historical and cultural foundation, and big events can be an impactful channel of marketing communications with digitalization and social media. Exhibitions and events are featured as meaningful communications channels to diffuse the culture and businesses sectors.

Product labels are one way for advertisers to provide information to purchasers on product quality (Atkinson & Rosenthal, 2014). Label policies have been issued to promote information disclosure on food products in some developed countries. Recent years have also seen increasing attempts to promote healthy eating in emerging markets. In China, nutrition labels became mandatory under the nutrition labeling acts. The laws require nutrition information to be presented at the point of purchase as well as in establishments where food is prepared or consumed. Additionally, similar actions were taken by India (India Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, 2011), Mercosur members and in South Africa (Brazilian Ministry of Health, 2012; Institute of Food Technologists [IFT], 2011).

Professional sport leagues are both commercial products and public products. As China’s sports leagues transition from state-governed properties to a more commercial model, professional sports are facing a crucial turning point on balancing stakeholders pertaining to its commercial/market value and social value. How to develop a sustainable business and management model of professional sports teams, fitting Chinese culture and the calls on free economy, has become a major challenge to scholars, practitioners and entrepreneurs in China’s sport industry. Every organisation has its relationships with many groups ("stakeholders") that affect and are affected by its decisions, which are dynamic in a constantly changing world. Stakeholder theory was developed through concerns regarding the nature of these relationships in terms of both processes and outcomes for both organisation and stakeholders, and the changing nature of the environment.

This study examined the factors influencing the purchase intention of meat substitutes. A survey was conducted on 589 consumers in Korea (297 people) and China (292 people). The perception of meat substitute foods was lower in Korean consumers than in Chinese consumers, but there was no significant difference. The purchase intention of meat substitute foods was lower in Korean consumers than in Chinese consumers (p<0.01). Korean consumers’ perception of meat substitute foods was higher in males than in females (p<0.01). The purchase intention of meat substitute foods also showed the same trend (p<0.001). Chinese consumers’ perception of meat substitute foods was higher in males than in females. The overall purchase intention of meat substitute foods was significantly higher in males than in females (p<0.05). The perception of meat substitute foods by Korean consumers’ was higher in their 40s and 50s than in their 20s and 30s. The purchase intention of meat substitute foods was also high in their 40s and 50s (p<0.01). On the other hand, the perception of meat substitute foods by Chinese consumers’ was higher in their 20s and 30s than in their 40s and 50s (p<0.01). The purchase intention of meat substitute foods also showed the same trend (p<0.01). Korean consumers’ perception of meat substitute foods had a significant positive effect on the purchase intention of meat substitutes (p<0.001). Chinese consumers’ perception of meat substitute foods also had a significant positive effect on the purchase intention of meat substitute foods (p<0.001). Overall, food technology neophobia has a significant negative effect on the purchase intention of meat substitutes (p<0.05).

This study surveyed Chinese elderly consumers to determine their purchasing behavior, importance, and satisfaction with HMR products in China. Three hundred and seventy people were surveyed: 184 males and 186 females aged 55 to 70 years. Two hundred and sixty-seven (72.25%) of the surveyed consumers had an average monthly income of 6,000 yuan or less, and 313 (84.9%) responded that they spend 3000 yuan or less on groceries per month. Three hundred and fortyeight (94.1%) showed a high interest in health management. Regarding the frequency of purchasing HMR products, most responded that they purchased HMR products more than once or twice a week, with a single purchase of 100 yuan or less for each purchase. The respondents preferred 2 or 3 serving packagings in a refrigerated form. For all forms of products, those made as in-house meals, outdoor meals, as a snack or night snack, for serving guests, for trips, camping, and on-thego products, the participants mostly responded that they frequently purchased the product. When purchasing HMR products, the importance of hygiene, convenience in purchase accessibility, the freshness of ingredients, and an indication of the nutritional content were considered as a high rank. After purchase, the satisfaction of SNS and mobile application advertisements and promotions, amount per serving, take out convenience, and new menu were considered low-rank. The IPA results showed that marking the origin of the ingredients and new menu are areas needing improvement. The study results may be used as base data for developing elderly friendly HMR products and establishing its marketing strategies.

The article provides a general description of liability for administrative offenses under the PRC legislation. It considers general principles of responsibility for administrative offenses, the system of bodies that impose administrative penalties, the system of administrative penalties and the procedures for imposing them. The authors determine how well it is possible to strike a balance between public and private interests in the legislation on administrative penalties. “Legality” is declared as a basic principle of administrative liability in the PRC. In this article, the authors have concluded that the principle of legality has a rather specific content. Administrative offenses and penalties are not codified in China but are dispersed in a significant amount of laws and regulations. This approach ensures the existence of a fairly dynamic system of administrative measures which guarantee a proper order in the rapidly developing Chinese economy. At the same time, this approach carries a risk of abuse of power by public bodies and excessive state intervention in the life of individuals.

The extension of MFN clauses to dispute settlement under BITs is one of the most controversial areas in investment treaty law. Currently, the area is divided into two streams of case law. The award in Tze Yap Shum v Peru and other recent Chinese investment arbitral awards did not side the Maffezini stream. The question on which stream works the best for China is complicated and essentially a balancing exercise. This article examines the question from a Chinese perspective and adopts the analytical framework of the New Haven School. It identifies the issue of comparability of more preferential treatment as the key criterion in determining the question. It reviews the previous case law and assesses the economic, social and cultural factors shaping the Chinese investment policy. From there, the article seeks to discover if the current law helps fulfil China’s policy goals and proposes recommendations accordingly.

This article focuses on China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) as a potential cause of trade, investment, financial, maritime, energy trade and intellectual property disputes. In so doing this contribution discusses the increasing “systemic rivalry” among authoritarian, neoliberal and ordo-liberal conceptions of international economic law and the resulting legal problems in the settlement of BRI disputes inside the EU countries, whose courts may not recognize arbitration awards by Chinese arbitration institutions and may hold Chinese investors accountable for disregard for human and labor rights in their BRI investment inside the EU countries.

급속한 과학기술의 발전에 따라 인공지능(AI)에 대한 관심은 세계적으로 높아졌다. 인공지능의 발전 속도는 매우 빠르며 이미 선진국의 전략적 발전 수단 중 하나가 되고 있다. 인공지능 기술은 하이테크 발전의 선두에 있으며 글로벌 경제 번영, 삶의 질 개선 등 측면에서 중요한 의미가 있다. 하지만 인공지능 기술의 발전은 과거에는 문제가 되지 않았던 부분에 대한 법적 고민을 초래한다. 인격권은 일신전속성을 가지는 권리이다. 권리자는 자신의 인격적 이익에 대해 완전히 지배하는 권리를 향유하며, 인격의 독립을 유지 받고 보장받는 권리이다. 인격 존엄은 일반적인 인격 이익의 기본 내용이며, 동시에 가장 중요하고 가장 핵심적인 내용이다. 그러나 인공지능 기술의 발전은 인공지능에 의한 자연인의 성명·초상·프라이버시·개인정보 등 인격권 침해 상황을 초래한다. 중국은 최근 민법전 제정에서 인격권편을 별도의 장으로 마련하여 인격권 관련 내용을 규정하였다. 중국 민법전 인격권편은 인격권의 구체적 내용을 명확히 함으로써 인간의 존엄과 자유를 보호할 수 있는 제도적 장치를 마련하였고, 인공지능에 의한 인격권 침해 발생 시 권리자 보호 를 위한 법적 수단으로 작용할 수 있다는 점에서 의미가 있다. 따라서 본 논문은 인공지능 발전으로 발생할 수 있는 인격권 침해 문제를 중국에서의 논의를 중심으로 중국 민법전 규정과 함께 살펴보고자 한다.

본 논문은 중국의 장애인 의무고용제도를 중심으로 장애인 취업정책을 살펴보았다. 그 동안 동아시아 사회복지에 관한 논의가 진행되어 온 역사도 짧았지만 장애인 복지 영역에 관한 논의는 거의 이루어지지 않았다. 기존의 중국 장애인 정책 관련 연구들은 동아시아 복지 모델 및 체계 분석에 치우치는 등 이론적인 측면을 강조해 온 탓에 장애인 정책 분석 및 문화적 특성을 고려하지 못하는 한계를 나타냈다. 따라서 본 논문은 중국의 장애인 취업정책에 대한 정책, 그리고 장애인 취업정책을 구성하는 제도 중 하나로서의 의무고용제도가 어떠한 작용을 하는지에 대해 파악해 보고자 한다. 마지막 부분에서는 한국, 중국과 일본의 의무고용제도를 비교·분석해 봄으로써 중국의 의무고용제도의 의의와 한계점을 살펴보았다.

China Pilot Free Trade Zone is a "policy practice zone," and China has already established 18 pilot FTZs since the approval of Shanghai Pilot FTZ in Sept. 2013. Pilot FTZs have become high grounds for Chinese economic reform through 'optimization of business environment', 'facilitation of investment & trade', and 'policy innovation in various fields such as financial services and real economy.' Construction of pilot FTZ has aggressively extended national strategies such as active service, construction of "One Belt, One Road" Initiative, cooperative development of Jingjinji Metropolitan region (Beijin-Tianjin-Hebei), integrated development of Yangtze River Delta Economic Zone, and revitalization of northeast China, etc. as well as collaboration with surrounding nations. Recent entry of new stage of China-Korea relations has great potential of complementary cooperation. As a "policy practice zone" of Chinese economic reform, Pilot FTZs have arranged business environment facilitated with legislation and internationalization, regulation system suitable for international trade-investment rules, and open financial environment through system innovation & reform in various fields such as investment, trade, and finance, etc. This is giving a new motivation for higher level and broadened area of China-Korea economic relations.