20세기 말 미국 법원의 친 특허적 성향을 바탕으로 성장한 Patent Troll이 20세기 초반의 닷컴 산업 붕괴와 함께 급속히 확산되자 이에 대한 비판론이 팽배하는 동시에 그 긍정적 기능을 강조하는 옹호론자들의 목소리도 커지고 있다. 최근의 사례들을 살펴 보면, Patent Troll이라 지칭되던 개인이나 조직들이 목표기업을 공략하는 데에 있어 다양한 전략을 구사하는 전문적인 기업으로 발전해 가고 있음을 알 수 있다. 또한, 일반 대기업들도 Troll 행위에 대한 단순한 방어를 하는 데에 그치지 않고 이윤창출을 위해 Patent Troll 활동을 참고하는 사례도 다수 나타나고 있다. 이미 Patent Troll이 하나의 사업영역으로 자리잡은 오늘에 있어 우리 기업들도 Troll행위에 대해 적극적으로 대응하는 한편으로 이들이 채택하고 있는 전략들을 분석하여 채용함으로써 특허관리를 통한 가치창출에 나서야 할 것이다.

The aim of this paper is to analyze Korean specific particles ‘i/ga’ and ‘eul/leul’ and show how to teach them effectively to foreign learners. In this respect, we first analysed some typical ‘i/ga’ or ‘eul/leul’ constructions: they seem very similar in appearance but their syntactic structures are quite different. We showed that in order to explain effectively ‘i/ga’ and ‘eul/leul’ constructions, the notion of ‘topic’ should be introduced and found that there exist some particular semantic restrictions between two successive noun phrases participating in ‘i/ga’ and ‘eul/leul’ constructions. Secondly, we tried to show how to construct the educational substance and method of these specific particles ‘i/ga’ and ‘eul/leul’. We proposed to introduce types of ‘i/ga’ and ‘eul/leul’ constructions, typical predicates used with these constructions, semantic restrictions of two successive noun phrases participating in these constructions, equivalent constructions corresponding to these constructions and their concrete examples in constructing the educational substance and method of the specific particles ‘i/ga’ and ‘eul/leul’.

This paper reports the results from a survey on the perception of e-learning at the higher level education. The resulting data consists of answers to the questionnaire by a total of 822 respondents including 609 students who were enrolled in either 2 year colleges, 4 year colleges, or graduate schools at the time when the survey was conducted, and 213 academic faculty and staff who hade-learning experience. Main findings are: first, the most preferred instructional material format for e-learning was web-based self-directed instruction (28.1%) by the faculty whereas students preferred discussion (24.6%) and Video on Demand (VOD) (24.1%) .. Secondly, students of e-learning classes studied more on average than the students of face-to-face classes and students with more e-learning experience had a tendency of studying more. Thirdly, students, academic faculty, and staff all reported heavier burdens with online classes than with offline classes, but the perception of increased burdens with online classes relative to offline classes was more widespread among faculty members (44. 7% at twice more burden) than among students (33.5% at twice more burden) .. Fourthly, overall students (56. 7%) are more satisfied with online classes than academic faculty and staff (43.4%). Fifthly, the willingness to participate in online classes by faculty (89. 7%) was higher than that of students (57.8%). Sixthly, as to the online tuition, students (50.3%) claim that less than 50% of the tuition of the offline education is optimal while academic faculty and staff (23.8%) reported 90%.

Prior to Six Sigma, many companies had adopted a policy management method designed to manage business performances through the top-down deployment of management policies. This policy management method and the Six Sigma CTQ Flow Down will make a good combination when their merits are developed and systemized as the management innovation program which enables to set up innovation targets along with management targets in the stage of strategic planning and to participate all the personnel from top management down in achieving th targets. This paper will help the companies implementing Six Sigma improve their management constitutions and achieve better management performances through the integration of policy management and Six Sigma.

Nanostructured materials exhibit attractive mechanical properties that are often superior to the performance of their coarse-grained counterparts. However, one major drawback is their low ductility, which limits their potential applications. In this paper, different strategies to obtain both high strength and enhanced ductility in nanostructured materials are reported for Ti-base and Zr-base alloys. The first approach consists of designing an in-situ composite microstructure containing ductile bcc or hop dendrites that are homogeneously dispersed in a nanostructured matrix. The second approach is related to refining the eutectic structure of a Ti-Fe-Sn alloy. For all these materials, the microstructure, mechanical properties, deformation and fracture mechanisms will be discussed.

본 연구에서는 문헌 연구, 설문 조사, 수업관찰 및 교사 면담 등을 통하여 수업평가 기준의 목적, 개발이 필요한 이유, 수업평가 기준의 역할 등을 살펴보았다. 이어서 현장 교사들이 생각하는 수업평가 기준 개발의 바람직한 주체가 누구이며, 수업평가 기준이 개발될 경우 누가 가장 많은 혜택을 받을 것으로 기대하는지를 살펴보고, 나아가 수업평가(기준) 정착을 위한 선결 요건을 고찰하였다. 요약하면, 수업 평가기준은 (1) 초보자를 위한 지침, (2) 숙련된 전문가를 위한 지침서 (3) 개선 노력을 집중할 부분을 파악하는 구조, (4) 교직이외의 다른 공동체들과의 의사소통의 수단이 될 수 있다. 또한, 수업평가는 물론 수업평가 기준 개발의 주체는 교사들이어야 하며, 일반 기준과 차별화 되는 교과별 기준, 즉 과학과 수업평가 기준 개발의 필요성을 논의하였다. 즉, 교과별 수업평가 기준 개발은 교사들의 적극적인 참여와 교육과 관련된 주요 이해당사자들이 폭넓게 참가하지 않고서는 성공하기 어렵다. 이러한 수업 평가기준 개발의 성공 여부는 이러한 평가기준이 일반 공동체, 특히 교육 공동체에 의해 수용되는 수준에 따라 결정될 것이다.

A stylobate, part of the foundation for hardening soil below the floor, has been built with a variety of materials, such as stone, tile and brick, in several kinds of combined constructions of soil, stone, and brick. In particular, Baekje used a tile-piled stylobate that could not be found in Goguryeo and Silla counterparts, thus showing outstanding performance in the construction culture. Archeological excavations up to now evidence the stylobate played a role in building the magnificent structures or enhancing the decorative effects. It can be enough inferred that such features are reflected on dual footing stylobate, framed stylobate and tile-piled stylobate. Baekje had delivered its techniques for constructing stylobate to Silla from about the middle of 6th century. They can be traced down back from the dual stylobate that has been identified in Hwangryong-sa temple lastly built in the old site of Silla, those constructed with broken stones at Najeong, tile-piled stylobate of the mode of vertical-horizontal rows which had been established in Inwang-dong, Gyeongju, the capital of the kingdom, and a framed stylobate at Hall enshrining Buddha (Golden Hall) site of Gameun-sa temple site. Recently, relics of structures, including temple sites, are intermittently being unearthed in the old sites of Baekje and Silla. However, studies linking archeology with architecture can be rarely found up to now. It is, therefore, necessary that the relics should be correctly construed in archeological as well as architectural aspects. We expect that further studies can graft architectural insight into archeological analysis.