The purpose of this article is to examine the possibilities of Human Performance Technology (HPT) under the background of global economy. First, two kinds of culture, national culture and organizational culture are introduced and compared. Next, the impact of cultures on human learning and working performance is examined in the aspects of learning and training, management, and global cooperation. And then the article proposes different strategies for managing the factor of culture to achieve desired performance, including diffusion and adaption. In addition, it is considered that how the proposed strategies can be utilized for public education systems. Finally, further research agenda is addressed Living in a culture is like swimming in the water is for a fish: one does not recognize one’s basic cultural values and beliefs as being there. They are the water one swims in. Everything one does takes this water into account unconsciously (Addison & Wittkuhn, 2001, p. 16). Pushing harder and harder on familiar solutions, while fundamental problems persist or worsen, is a reliable indicator of nonsystemic thinking- what we often call the “what we need here is a bigger hammer” syndrome (Senge, 1994, p. 61).

대부분의 경영분석가들은 뷰티산업이 미래의 주요산업의 하나가 될 것이라고 예견하고 있다. 뷰티산업은 뷰티에 관련된 서비스와 상품을 포함하고 있는데, 이 시장에서의 경쟁은 더욱 치열해지고 있다. 뷰티 서비스와 뷰티 상품을 마케팅하기 위해서는 뷰티가 측정될 수 있어야 하지만, 실제적으로 뷰티를 측정할 수 있는 수단은 사실상 개발되어 있지 않다. 본 연구에서는 Langmeyer and Shank(1994)의 연구를 바탕으로 인물의 매력을 단일의 차원이 아닌 다차원으로 규명하고자 하였다. 총 258명의 대학생 응답자를 대상으로 인물의 매력에 관련된 뷰티의 차원에 관련된 설문을 실시했고, 이를 바탕으로 인물의 매력에 관련된 뷰티의 차원을 도출하고, 뷰티 측정에 대한 관리적 시사점을 제시하였다. 본 연구에서는 수행된 정량적 분석에 기초하여 최종적으로 인물 매력에 관련된 4가지 뷰티 차원을 도출하였는데, 2개 차원은 인물의 내면의 아름다움에 관련된 것(역동적 성격, 배려)이었고, 나머지 2개 차원은 인물의 외면의 아름다움에 관련된 것(형상, 스타일)이었다. 또한 본 연구에서는 추가적으로 응답자 특성에 따라 아름다움 인식에 차이가 있는지 분석하였다. 응답자 특성으로는 성별, 외적 아름다움의 인식 차이, 자신의 외모 만족도가 고려되었다. 분석결과는 자신의 외모 만족도와 아름다움의 인식 가치가 본 연구에서 도출된 아름다움 차원에 있어서 아름다움 인식에 영향을 미친다는 것을 보여주고 있다: 1)자신의 외모 만족도가 높은 경우 전반적으로 외모차원과 심성차원의 아름다움을 모두 높게 평가하는 것으로 나타났다, 2)아름다움의 인식 가치가 높은 경우 외면의 아름다움 차원을 내면의 아름다움 차원보다 상대적으로 더 긍정적으로 평가하는 것으로 나타났다.

The purpose of the present study is to investigate the optimal wavelength, frequency and energy density for set up the photobiologic treatment of periodontal disease. To establish the present study, λ scan of 500㎚ to 900㎚ was used to search the optimal wavelength for maximal proliferation of human gingival fibroblasts. Cell proliferation assay was carried out as MTT assay. Light intensity of 0.8 to 3.25mW, frequency of 0 to 584㎐ and 0 to 2hours was applied for investigation of optimal energy density, frequency and applied duration. Finally, 628㎚ with 1mW/cm2 for 1hour of LED irradiation resulted in maximal proliferation of gingival fibroblasts. These results suggest that LED irradiation on gingival fibroblast show different proliferation according to the condition of irradiation, and demonstrate that LED irradiation can control the quantity of cell proliferation.

본 연구는 지방부 고속도로 상에서 유출지점용 도로전광표지의 적정 설치지점을 도출하기 위하여, 차량시뮬레이터 실험 자료를 변수로 운전자가 도로전광표지의 교통정보를 판독한 후 고소고도로 유출시설로 우회가 가능한지 여부를 판단할 수 있는 판별식(Discriminant Model for VMS installation : DMV식)을 개발하는 것이다. 연구결과로는 (첫째), 차량시뮬레이터 실험을 통하여 도로전광표지 설치지점을 변경시키면서 운전자의 인적, 행태적 자료를 수집하고, 이를 근거로 도로전광표지 설치지점에 따라 우회 가능성을 판단할 수 있는 DMV식을 개발하였다. (둘째) 우회가능성은 도로전광표지 설치지점이 멀수록, 운전자경력이 많을수록 고속도로 운전경험이 많을수록, 차량속도가 낮을수록 높아지는 것으로 나타났으며, 우회가능성에 큰 영향을 미치는 변수는 도로전광표지 설치지점, 고속도로 경험, 운전경력, 차량속도 순으로 나타났다. (셋째), 개발된 DMV식의 예측력을 검증한 결과, 개별 운전자가 도로전광표지의 교통정보를 판독하고 이에 대응하여 우회가능성을 정확하게 예측하였다. (넷째) DMV식을 이용하여 설치지점에 대한 우회가능성의 민감도분석을 수행한 결과, 지방부 고속도로에서 운전자의 85%이상이 도로전광표지로부터 교통정보를 판독하고 유출지점으로 진입하기 위해서는 유출지점으로부터 최소한 3.2km의 이격거리가 필요한 것으로 분석되었다. 이는 피실험자가 20, 30대 운전자로 대표성에 한계가 있음을 감안하더라도 유출지점으로부터 건설교통부 지침에서 제시한 3.0Km이상의 이격거리가 필요하다는 것을 시사한다 하겠다.

The conditionality of human rights is a very provoking issue in international economic relations. It should be applied under the guidelines of legitimacy, legality, credibility, and proportionality. The EU is enthusiastic about human rights conditionality. However, it is hard to say that the EU’s program of human rights conditionality has worked well in practice. Some main multilateral economic institutions, which had been criticized for disregarding human rights concerns, have remained shy to human rights conditionality. As an increasingly emerging economic giant, China will be expected to have some sort of obligation to better respect, better protect and better promote international human rights. China can accept human rights conditionality in a moderate way.

A quantitative sequencing (QS) protocol that detects the frequencies of sodium channel mutations (M815I, T917I and L920F) responsible for knockdown resistance in permethrin-resistant head lice was tested as a population genotyping method. Genomic DNA fragments of the sodium channel α-subunit gene that encompass the three mutation sites were PCR-amplified from individual head lice with either resistant or susceptible genotypes, and combined together in various ratios to generate standard DNA template mixtures for QS. Following sequencing, the signal ratios between resistant and susceptible nucleotides were calculated and plotted against the corresponding resistance allele frequencies. Quadratic regression coefficients of the plots were close to 1, demonstrating that QS is highly reliable for the prediction of resistance allele frequencies. Prediction of resistance allele frequencies by QS in several globally collected lice samples including 12 Korean lice populations suggested that permethrin resistance varied substantially amongst different geographical regions. Three local populations of Korean lice were determined to have 9.8-36.7% resistance allele frequencies, indicating that an urgent resistance management is needed. QS should serve as a preliminary resistance monitoring tool for proper management strategies by allowing early resistance detection.

주파수영역과 시간영역의 두가지 방법을 통하여 감쇠율을 분석하였다. 11층~19층 범위의 철근콘크리트 건물에 대하여 주파수 영역에서의 해석을 위한 상시진동과 시간영역에서의 해석을 위한 인력가진을 실시하였다. 하프파워법의 적용성을 검토하기 위하여 1024, 2048, 4096 세가지 앙상블 샘플사이즈에 대하여 분석하였다. 인력가진법에 의한 장변과 단변의 감쇠율은 각각 1.05%~1.22%과 1.16%~1.50%이다. 하프파워법은 감쇠율을 약간 과대평가할 수 있지만, 계측데이터의 길이를 가능한 길게 하여 bandwidth를 작게 하면 감쇠율 평가의 정밀도를 향상할 수 있었다.

The prominent side effect of cyclosporin A, immunosuppressive agent, in oral tissues is gingival overgrowth(GO). It is characterized by the gingival enlargement with epithelial thickening, a large number of proliferating fibroblasts and overproduction of ECM components. Fibroblast accumulation in Cs A induced GO is caused by the Inhibition of apoptosis. But CsA effect on normal human oral keratinocyte(NHOK) remains unclear. Transglutaminase 2(TGase 2) which is expressed and activated in tissue where epithelial cells undergo apoptosis has been used as a marker for apoptotic cells. The purpose of this study were to study the effect of CsA on the proliferation and apoptosis of cultured NHOK by TGase 2 expression. After primary cultured NHOK was treated by 0.1, 1.0 and 10ug/ml Cs A, growth curve, MTT assay for succinyl dehydrogenase activity and RT-PCR for TGase 2 mRNA expression were done. The obtained results were as follows. MTT assay showed about 65% cell viability at 1.0μg/ml and 40% at 10μg/ml CsA. Growth curve showed normal S curve on control & DMSO, while decreased growth rate after 3 days of higher CsA tx. TGase 2 mRNA expression of cultured NHOK was the highest at 10μg/ml Cs A. TEM showed chromosome margination, and vacuole formation and clustered mitochodria in cytoplasm of cultured NHOK after CsA tx. It suggested that higher CsA might induce apoptosis of NHOK correlated with increased TGase 2 mRNA expression

To investigate the differential expression of genes by 635nm LEDs irradiation in arachidonic acid-treated human gingival fibroblasts, cDNA microarray was carried out. Human gingival fibroblasts were primary cultured and arachidonic acid was treated to induce inflammation. 635nm of wave length was used for LEDs irradiation. The experimental group was categorized into four group ; control, only LEDs irradiation group, only arachidonic acid-treated group and arachidonic acid-treated with LEDs irradiation group. The expression of 8,078 genes were increased and the expression of 7,103 genes were decreased in only LEDs irradiation group. For arachidonic acid-treated with LEDs irradiation group, the expression of 6,815 genes were increased, while the expression of 8,031 genes were decreased comparing with only arachidonic acid-treated group. IL-13alpha2 receptor was the most expressed gene in LEDs irradiation group comparing with control, followed by MMP3. Genes which the most down regulated was BIRC3 in LEDs irradiation group. PLAB genes was the most up-regulated in arachidonic acid treated with LEDs irradation group, followed by ranked RARRES1. Considering the classification by cell function, genes associated with signal transduction were the most affected by LEDs irradiation, followed by the genes associated with nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolism. In arachidonic acid treated with LEDs irradiation, genes associated with signal transduction and protein metabolism were affected. Taken together, LEDs irradiation could affect various biological process and could identify many genes related to LEDs irradiation, which could be used for clinical application.

We have previously produced transgenic (TG) mice expressing the human lactoferrin (hLF), interleukin-10 (hIL-10), and thrombopoietin (hTPO) proteins in the milk. In this study, we examined whether simple crossbreeding between two kids of a single transgenic mouse can produce double transgenics co-expressing two human proteins.. The hLF male, and the hIL-10 male were crossbred with the hIL-10 and hTPO females, and the hTPO female, respectively. PCR analysis for genotyping showed 32%, 23% and 24% double transgenic rates for hLF/hIL-10, hLF/hTPO, and hIL-10/hTPO transgenes, respectively. We analyzed the expression levels of the human proteins from double transgenic mice and compared those with their single transgenic siblings. All double transgenic co-expressed two human proteins at comparable levels to singles', unless hTPO was not co-expressed: for hLF, 1.1 mg/ml in hLF/hIL-10, whereas 0.5 mg/ml in hLF/hTPO; for hIL-10, 4.1 mg/ml in hIL-10/hLF, whereas 1.4 mg/ml in hIL-10/hTPO. Ihe downregulation of hTPO to half level of singles' was observed in double transgenic mice. The possible reason why hTPO co-expressed might lead to down-regulation of another human protein was discussed. These results suggested that double transgenic generated by crossbreeding between two singles' could be useful system for bioreactor.

Development of human-system interfaces (HSI) supporting the interaction between human and automation-based systems, particularly safety-critical sociotechnial systems, entails a wide range of design and evaluation problems. To help HSI designers deal with these problems, many methodologies from traditional human-computer interaction, software engineering, and systems engineering have been applied; however, they have been proved inadequate to develop cognitively well engineered HSI. This paper takes a viewpoint that HSI development is itself a cognitive process consisting of various decision making and problem solving activities and then proposes a design requirements-driven process for developing HSI. High-level design problems and their corresponding design requirements for visual information display are explained to clarify the concept of design requirements. Lastly, conceptual design of software system to support the requirements-driven process and designers' knowledge management is described.

  Enhanced machine reliability has dramatically reduced the rate and number of railway accidents but for further reduction human error should be considered together that accounts for about 20% of the accidents. Therefore, the objective of this study was t

곰피추출물의 CCD-986sk cell line monolayer (human fibroblast, KCBL-21947)에 대한 피부세포 생리활성효과를 측정하고, 또한 곰피추출물의 Clone M-3 mouse melano-cyte cell line에 대한 melanin formation 저해효과를 측정하기 위해 in vitro레벨에서 실험을 실시하였다. 곰피는 다년생 갈조류의 일종으로 이 종은 한국 연안해역에서 중요한 1차생산자의 역할을 담당하고 있는