Chinese Placename belong to one member of Chinese Words Family and own itself features such as District, Stableness and Similar Meaning. Chinese Placename occupies quite high proportion in the system of Chinese, and most of them have the particular feature of District. The Chinese of feature owns tight contact with the dialect and characteristic of dialect. Especially the customized word of placename that possess strong cultural connotation is a react of District Culture and District History. Some Chinese Placenames are available to specific districts and have specific pronunciation & meaning. These is either our precious files about researching District Folkways and District Culture, and or valuable information for studying dialect and ancient phonology. In the field of Chinese Words research, Chinese Placename research is relatively unsubstantial all the time. Placename is national cultural heritage, so Chinese Placename is paid more attention.

KFDA compiles the statistical data of food poisoning outbreaks two or more persons since 2002in Korea and release them to the public on the web. There is a gap of outbreak number between the real situation and the reports. To reduce the gap, addition of sporadic individual case of food poisoning may be one of the solution method. The statistical data of Japan where food consumption pattern is similar to Korea, were used in this study to compare the ratio and the pattern between the outbreak cases two or more persons and individual cases. By doing so,the data of Japan regarding to outbreak cases two or more persons will be comparable to that of Korea. The data of 2002 and 2003 in Japan showed that sporadic individual cases were 43.3% in the total food poisoning cases. The individual cases occurred highly in unknown places (90-92.3%) and home (6.2-8.5%) whileas the outbreaks two or more persons occurred mostly in the place of restaurants (46.6-50.1%) and inns (9.2-9.8%). The food-borne pathogens attributed to the individual cases were C. jejuni (51.9%), Salmonella spp. (35.3%), and V. parahaemolyticus (9.8%)while those to the outbreak cases two or more persons were norovirus (31.3%), Salmonella spp. (20.8%), C. jejuni (15.5%) in Japan. The data of 2002-2009 between Korea and Japan showed the outbreak case report rate was 1:1.5based on the total population number.

This paper attempts to interpret the meaning of Mies van der Rohe's famous aphorism that “less is more” in terms of space. From his assertion that the art of building is the spatial execution of spiritual decisions, one can presume that his art of building was revealed through his spatial execution consciously guided by creative principles. One of his spatial principles was less is more a representative motto for the creation of sparsely furnished space with few objects and little perceptible architecture. After his awareness of an open plan, Mies intended to create less architecture by designing a minimal form of structural frames and maximum openness of open plans and glazed walls. This study posits that Mies created more potential space, for which he intended his open plans and neutral frames to be viewed as less. His building was designed to serve as the background of works of art and the changing nature outside so restrained its own existential voice in favor of the achievement of total harmony.

The purpose of the present study is to help the high school English teachers develop insights into communicative grammar instruction. In order to examine what the teachers do in their grammar instruction, the study analyzed five video-taped high school English classes. From the analyses it was found that despite all the efforts made by the educational policy to implement the communicative language teaching, the high school English teachers" grammar instruction today is hardly different from the traditional one. What the teachers basically do in their grammar instruction is to explain the grammar points, translate the sentences, and include some mechanical drills. Based on the findings, the study concludes that the high school English teachers lack knowledge and techniques necessary to teach the target language grammar more communicatively. It is suggested that in order to make their grammar instruction more effective in developing the communicative language ability in the students, the teachers need to reduce the time to explain grammar points and increase the time to engage the students in the meaningful use of the target structure. An example of the grammar instruction is provided to help the teachers.

In this paper, We consider some generalization of these five basic indices to cover non-normal distribution. The proposed generalizations are compared with the five basic indices. The results show that the proposed generalizations are more accurate than t

최근의 연구들은 과학영역에서 남학생이 여학생에 비해 훨씬 더 높은 학업 성취도를 보인다고 주장하고, 과학영역에서의 창의성 측면에서도 남학생이 여학생에 비해 더 높은 창의적 성취를 보일 것이라는 것이 일반적인 통념이다. 과학영재교육이 본격화되고 남·여 과학영재들의 창의적 특성에 대한 이해의 중요성이 부각되고 있지만, 이를 뒷받침할 연구들은 거의 부재한 상황이다. 본 연구에서는 135명의 과학영재학생들을 대상으로 창의성의 다양한 영역에서, 특히 확산적 사고라는 영역 보편적 입장과 과학에서의 창의적 행동특성과 문제해결 및 발견이라는 영역 특수적 입장에서, 남학생과 여학생간의 창의성의 차이를 살피고 창의성의 본성에 대한 이해를 돕고자 했다. 본 연구의 결과는 과학 영재여학생들이 남학생들에 비해 모든 영역에서 유의미하게 큰 차이를 보이지는 않았지만, 전반적으로 창의성의 세 영역 모두에서 상대적으로 높은 성취를 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 구체적으로 살펴보면 확산적 사고의 융통성, 제목의 추상성, 정교성 영역에서, 과학에서의 창의적 문제 해결력 및 문제 발견력을 측정하는 CPSF의 가설 설정 능력의 유창성과 독창성 영역에서, 그리고 과학에서의 창의적 행동 특성을 측정하는 CBCS에서 개방성, 심미안에서 과학 영재 여학생이 남학생보다 유의미하게 창의성이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 남학생은 여학생에 비해 CBCS에서의 '과학적 호기심' 문항에서만 유의미하게 더 높은 창의성 점수를 보임으로 본 연구 결과는 '남학생이 여학생보다 더 창의적이다'라는 사회의 일반적인 통념과 상반된 결과를 보였다.

Resistance evolution to organophosphate-based pesticides in apple and pear inhabiting arthropods of western North America extends to many classes of pest and some beneficial species. Resistance management programs to minimize resistance in pests while exploiting it in natural enemies have met with mixed success. Among beneficials, resistances have been exploited mostly among predators of pest mites. Evolution of resistant mites, leafminers, leafhopper, aphids, leafrollers and some internal fruit feeders have led to development of new monitoring methods and means to delay or avoid resistance. But it is resistance to azinphosmethyl in codling moth (Cydia pomonella) that is changing the pest control system and moving it from chemical to biologically-based means. Newly merging IPM system will depend more on use of biological, cultural, behavior and genetic controls. But more selective pesticides also will be needed to augment pheromones, resistant host plants and genetically altered organisms. These more biologically-based tactics will be prone to resistance evolution in pests as well, if used too unilaterally and/or too extensively.

This essay discusses the enhancement of the KMV model to achieve greater accuracy in predicting default risk and mitigating the effects of asymmetric information in the financial market. Due to the existence of the problem of asymmetric information persists, with some market participants possessing more information than others. This imbalance disrupts the normal market operation, complicates financial regulation, and reduces market stability. Rating agencies have made efforts to disclose and predict default risks to provide more information to the market. Still, traditional models’ prediction accuracy has struggled to meet the market’s evolving demands. To address these challenges, this essay analyzes an improved model, the SIZE-PSO-KMV model. This model builds on the KMV model but introduces a differentiation between large and small firms. By doing so, it refines default risk predictions, thereby alleviating information asymmetry. Enhanced accuracy empowers financial regulators to make more informed decisions and helps prevent future financial crises. The SIZE-PSO-KMV model’s validity is established through rigorous testing, including a comparison with other KMV models and out-of-sample tests. The results demonstrate that this model significantly outperforms traditional KMV models in predicting default risk. Additionally, it adapts to the size of firms, acknowledging that large and small firms face distinct default risk profiles.