This study investigated the use of the amplifier very in high school English textbooks and native corpora by comparing its frequency distributions and collocation patterns. The native corpora, used as the reference of the study, were COCA and BNC, with their built-in sub-corpora further grouped into spoken and written corpora. The High School English Textbook Corpus (HSETC) was compiled from a total of 53 high school textbooks, with the spoken corpus (HSETC-S) from the texts in listening and conversation and the written corpus (HSETC-W) from the reading passages. Analyses using AntConc3.4.4 revealed no prominent differences between HSETC and reference corpora in the frequency of the amplifier very, while the written corpus (HSETC-W) had more occurrences contrary to the native corpora. The combination patterns and their occurrences of HSETC were slightly different from those of COCA and BNC with the gap increased with the spoken corpus (HSETC-S). Pedagogical implications and suggestions are made on ELT materials development and teaching practices.

Each municipality is promoting signboard improvement projects, but the effectiveness is not great. The main reason for this is that when the signboard is manufactured the location of the shop is only dependent on the visual aspiration effect and it is not harmonized with the building by applying uniform design. The signboard are installed almost everywhere in the city, such as residential, natural and commercial environments. And the signboard provides various services such as traffic information and life safety to customers. Also, by applying design and functional elements, we can enhance the competitiveness of companies and improve the urban environment by enhancing the mutual connection effect of customers and space. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of design elements and functional elements of the signboard on customer preference. In other words, we conducted surveys and analyzes of 152 specialists and non-experts (customers, self-employed). As a result of the study, the following conclusions were drawn. First, the functions and design elements of signboards are important factors that have a positive effect on customer preference. Second, the function of the signboard has a positive(+) influence on the customer preference, and the information providing function and the corporate image side function directly affect the customer preference. Third, color elements have a positive(+) meaningful effect on customer preference. Especially, similar color sign affects customer preference positively. Fourth, the signboard design component has a positive(+) significant effect on customer preference. In particular, typefaces have a positive effect on customer preference.

목적 : 본 연구는 뇌졸중 환자의 수면의 질과 우울정도가 삶의 질에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 연구방법 : 대전 소재 재활병원에 입원 또는 통원치료 중인 뇌졸중 환자 155명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 일반적 특성은 백분율과 빈도분석으로 확인하였고, 수면의 질, 우울정도, 삶의 질은 기술통계와 일원배치분산분석을 통해 특성에 따른 차이를 확인하였다. 그리고 우울과 수면장애 유무에 따라 그룹으로 나누어 t검정을 시행하였다. 또한 삶의 질에 대한 잠재적인 변인들과의 상관관계를 분석하고, 회귀분석을 통해 삶의 질에 영향을 주는 요소들의 인과관계를 분석하였다. 결과 : 수면의 질, 우울정도, 삶의 질의 상관성을 확인하였고, 변수 간 인과성을 확인하기 위한 위계적 다중회귀분석 결과, 모형1에서는 성별과 치료형태(R ²=.15), 모형 2에서는 치료형태와 우울정도(R ²=.33), 모형3에서는 성별, 우울정도, 불면, 수면의 질(R ²=.37)이 유의한 요소들로 삶에 질에 대한 설명력을 보였다. 결론 : 뇌졸중 환자의 수면의 질, 우울정도, 삶의 질에 대한 요인 간의 상관성과 유의한 인과관계를 확인하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 뇌졸중 환자의 삶의 질 향상을 위한 신체적, 정신적, 심리사회적 요인 등이 포함 된 중재자료 개발에 기초자료로 사용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

Indiscriminately installed signboards are messy in out of harmony with the urban environment. In such a case, improving signage project is needed to improve significantly the urban environment. Signboards are installed to give good perceptional effect through communication with the customer. Also, Signboards are designed to make harmonize well with the urban environment because signboards are installed in virtually every place, such as the residential environment, the natural environment, the commercial environment of the city. The design of signboards should consider functional elements as a perceptual media and the user interface communication in order to provide customers with various services such as traffic information and life safety. In this study, we analysis design and functionality the customer is seeking, and suggest design elements of signboards which can well harmonized with the urban environment.

장애인들에게 교육은 한 사회의 시민으로서 소속되어 역할을 담당할 수 있게 하는 바탕이 될 수 있다. 특히 대학교육은 그들에게 삶의 질을 보장하는 수단으로 작용할 수 있다. 그들에게 보다 높은 삶과 더 나은 직업을 가질 기회를 제공 하게 되는 것이다. 현재 의 대학교육 환경은 장애인들의 대학생활을 누릴 기회를 제한하고 있는 경우가 많다. 대학교육 환경의 물리적인 공간개선이 더욱더 장애인을 중심으로 하는 차원에서 검토되어야 한다고 본다. 본 연구는 충청도 소재 대학교 13곳을 선정하여 장애인 편의시설 전수조사표1)를 기준 으로 편의시설, 외부시설, 내부시설의 접근성을 조사하였다. 연구결과 전반적으로 대학의 편의시설은 특정 장애에 대한 편의시설이 설치되어 있는 것으로 나타났고, 그나마 설치시설도 적정하게 이루어지지 않거나 전혀 설치되어 있지 않는 경우도 많았으며 설치가 되었다 하더라도 관리 소홀로 적절하게 사용되지 못하고 있는 것으로 조사되었다. 이에 따라 장애인편의시설 기준과 규정을 더욱더 강화하고, 그에 따른 모니터링 결과에 따라 행정적으로도 처벌이 이루어져야 하며, 학교차원에서도 적극적으로 행정적 지원이 되어 장애인들의 교육에 대한 권리에 지켜나가야 한다고 본다.

The purpose of the study is to compare the nature of teacher talk between the native and non-native speaking professors with its focus on language functions and interaction modifications in English-mediated writing instruction. The study analyzed the classroom languages of two professors who were teaching college-level composition courses using the same textbook and syllabus. The classes taught by the two professors were videotaped, transcribed, and analyzed based on the AS-unit. The results showed both professors used all of the five functions in the order of information, suasion, opinion, future plans, and checking. The NS professor, on the other hand, used the information function more often, while the NNS professor relied more on the suasion function. The data also displayed that the NS professor gave more feedback responses, whereas the NNS professor asked more clarification requests and repeated their own utterances. The findings implied that the types and distribution of the teacher talk may be influenced by the subject-matter and the instructional foci of each professor.

<카르멘>은 스페인의 영화감독 카를로스 소라(Carlos Saura)와 스페인의 대표적인 안무가이며, 플라멩고 무용수, 안토니오 가데즈(Antonio Gades)가 협력하여 비제의 오페라의 이야기를 플라멩 고 무용과 음악을 핵심적인 요소로 사용한 무용영화이다. 일상생활의 표현을 수용하여 현실과 상 상의 세계를 넘나드는 형식으로 플라멩고 무용을 세계적으로 알리고 대중화 하는데 크게 공헌하 였다. 본 논문은 <카르멘>의 영화 표현기법에 관한 연구이다. 카를로스 소라와 안토니오 가데즈의 예 술세계와 무용영화 협력 작업에 관하여 이론적 연구와 카메라의 표현기법, 현실과 상상의 병치 기법을 연구하였다. 카메라의 표현은 장면별, 기법별로 분석하였고 현실과 상상의 병치는 거울을 활용한 기법과 실제와 그림자의 대비에 관하여 연구 하였다. 카메라는 장면별 특성을 살려 관객을 상상의 세계로 끌어들이는 흡입력, 에너지를 증폭시키는 역동성, 심리적 분위기 표출, 사건의 전개를 그려내며 무용수의 전신, 발, 얼굴 클로즈-업을 조합 하여 무용의 육체감을 관객에게 전달해준다. 음악 리듬의 템포, 강약, 무용의 방향감이 카메라의 움직임에 연관되어 있다. 거울을 통한 현실과 상상의 병치는 내면적 심리를 반영, 공간의 다면적 구성, 그리고 공간의 변화와 확장을 가져다준다. 그림자와 실제 무용수의 관계로도 나타나 긴장 감, 환상과 마술을 창조하였다. <카르멘>은 무용의 매체로서의 특징을 잘 포착하여 카메라의 기법을 통한 현실과 상상을 병치 하는 영화적 표현으로 소통의 힘을 강화시켰다.

The International Space Station (ISS) orbits the Earth within the inner radiation belt, where high-energy protons are produced by collisions of cosmic rays to the upper atmosphere. About 6 astronauts stay in the ISS for a long period, and it should be important to monitor and assess the radiation environment in the ISS. The tissue equivalent proportional counter (TEPC) is an instrument to measure the impact of radiation on the human tissue. KASI is developing a TEPC as a candidate payload of the ISS. Before the detailed design of the TEPC, we performed simulations to test whether our conceptual design of the TEPC will work propertly in the ISS and to predict its performance. The simulations estimated that the TEPC will measure the dose equivalent of about 1:1 mSv during a day in the ISS, which is consistent with previous measurements.

The study examined instructors" and students" opinions about a university General English curriculum in terms of its effectiveness by conducting a series of needs analyses. A total of 608 students, 6 native and 7 non-native instructors participated in the survey and the results were compared across the three sets of data. Though the students and the teachers generally agreed upon the goal of improving communicative ability, there were divergent voices as well as conflicting expectations about the General English curriculum by each party: the students versus the teachers and the native versusnon-native teachers. Whereas the students weighed upon the practical component of the program, the instructors put more value on its academic characteristics. The native teachers emphasized the importance of discussion and small group work for in-class activities, while the non-native teachers and the students gave priority to lectures. The findings advocate the critical role of language professionals in balancing between different needs and still accommodating multiple perspectives in the curriculum development and renewal process.

This present study borrows the framework of action research as a tool for improving the quality of instruction in a university reading comprehension course by reflecting previous and current teaching practices, by incorporating students’ feedback and preferences, and by intervening students’ beliefs and strategy use. In doing so, the study examines the potential effects and problems of strategy-based instruction in the reading comprehension tasks that integrate TETE in collaborative, task-based learning environment. The students were assigned to the training of two different types of strategies in terms of language processing: paraphrasing vs. translation strategies in a TETE class. A total of 107 students from two reading comprehension courses were asked to take a TOEFL and answer a self-report questionnaire both at the beginning and at the end of the semester. While students’ use of metacognitive and cognitive strategies increased significantly, their use of translation strategies and beliefs about translation were persistent to change as the students seemed to regard translation an important tool for reading comprehension. A follow-up interview and course evaluation were also used for triangulating the quantitative findings. It is suggested that the role of L1 in language classes should be revisited and the English-only policy be reconsidered.

화재나 긴급상황이 발생하였을 때 임시적으로 네트워크를 구성할 수 있는 애드혹 네트워크분야에서 DSR, AODV, TORA, ZRP 라우팅 프로토콜의 연구가 활발하며 이에 대한 여러가지 개발이 이루어지고 있다. 본 논문에서는 AODV 라우틸 프로토콜을 이 용하여 다양한 네트워크 환경에서 AODV 라우팅 프로토콜의 성능평가와 함께 AODV 라우팅 프로로콜의 문제점을 수정하여 개선하여 실질적인 MANET 통신에서 사용될수 있는 라우팅 프로토콜을 제안한다.

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is an inflammatory joint disease affecting the axial skeleton, peripheral joints, entheses, and extra-articular site. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents are the first line drugs for treatment of AS. Sulfasalazine is regarded as the second line drug and is usually used on AS patients with concomitant peripheral arthritis. Sulfasalazine has side effects, including liver toxicity, hematological abnormality, skin eruption, and other symptoms. However, eosinophilic pleural effusion is rare. Thus, we report on a patient with peripheral eosinophilia and eosinophilic pleural effusion after taking sulfasalazine for treatment of AS.

A noncontact nondestructive testing(NDT) method is proposed to detect the damage of plate-like structures and to identify the location of the damage. To achieve this goal, a scanning laser source actuation technique is utilized to generate a guided wave and scans a specific area to find damage location more precisely. The ND: YAG pulsed laser is used to generate Lamb wave and a piezoelectric sensor are installed to measure the structural responses. The measured responses are analyzed using 3 dimensional Fourier transformation. The damage-sensitive features are extracted by wavenumber filtering based on the 3D FT. Then, flaw imaging techniques of a plate-like structure is conducted using the damage-sensitive features. Finally, the plates with notches are investigated to verify the effectiveness and the robustness of the proposed NDT approach.