Purpose: This study was to assess the influence of silicone hydrogel contact lenses wearing time on corneal higher-order aberrations (HOAs), visual performance, and subjective ocular symptoms. Methods: Thirty subjects took part in this study. Subjects were fitted with silicone hydrogel contact lenses (Biofinity). Best-corrected visual acuity (VA) at two contrast levels (100% and 10%) and best-corrected contrast sensitivity (CS) for four spatial frequencies (3, 6, 12, and 18 cycles per degree) were measured under photopic and mesopic conditions. Corneal HOAs were measured with 4-mm and 6-mm pupils using Wavefront Analyzer. All measurements were performed respectively after 2 hours and 9 hours wear with the silicone hydrogel lenses during a day. Subjects were asked by a study examiner to complete the questionnaire for contact lens-related subjective ocular symptoms. Results: Data for this study were employed for fifty-four eyes (27 subjects; 14 females, 13 males) and the subjects were 24.30 ± 2.96 years. For the subjects, current or previous experience with contact lenses was 23 subjects and non-experience with contact lenses was 4 subjects. Regarding visual quality under photopic and mesopic conditions, there was no statistically significant difference in high contrast and low contrast visual acuity as well as contrast sensitivity between 2 hours and 9 hours wear. For corneal HOAs, we also did not find any significant changes in total HOAs, third-order, fourth-order, coma, and spherical aberration for both 4-mm and 6-mm pupils between the two wearing time. In the relative frequency of contact lens-related subjective ocular symptoms, there were statistically differences in discomfort, dryness, and closing eyes between 2 hours and 9 hours wear within the brand (p=0.031, p=0.001, and p=0.031, respectively) (after 9 hours of the lens wear, discomfort (52%), dryness (74%), and closing eyes (56%)); however, there were no significant differences in changeable vision and removing lenses between the two wearing time. Conclusions: Silicone hydrogel contact lenses used this study do not reduce optical quality of the eye and visual quality after nine hours of the contact lens wear during a day. However, the majority of soft contact lens wearers still encounter clinically significant ocular symptoms including discomfort and dryness with the silicone hydrogel lenses.

The development of time-frequency analysis techniques allow astronomers to successfully deal with the non-stationary time series that originate from unstable physical mechanisms. We applied a recently developed time-frequency analysis method, the Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT), to two non-stationary phenomena: the superorbital modulation in the high-mass X-ray binary SMC X-1 and the quasi-periodic oscillation (QPO) of the AGN RE J1034+396. From the analysis of SMC X-1, we obtained a Hilbert spectrum that shows more detailed information in both the time and frequency domains. Then, a phase- resolved analysis of both the spectra and the orbital profiles was presented. From the spectral analysis, we noticed that the iron line production is dominated by different regions of this binary system in different superorbital phases. Furthermore, a pre-eclipse dip lying at orbital phase ~ 0.6 - 0.85 was discovered dur- ing the superorbital transition state. We further applied the HHT to analyze the QPO of RE J1034+396. From the Hilbert spectrum and the O - C analysis results, we suggest that it is better to divide the evolu- tion of the QPO into three epochs according to their different periodicities. The correlations between the QPO periods and corresponding uxes were also different in these three epochs. The change in periodicity and the relationships could be interpreted as the change in oscillation mode based on the diskoseismology model.

We present the results from analysis of the Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT) for the 4 Hz quasi-periodic oscillations (QPO) around the black hole X-ray binary XTE J1550-564. The resultant Hilbert spectra demonstrate that the QPO is composed of a series of intermittent signals appearing occasionally. From the analysis of the HHT, we further found the distribution of the lifetimes for the intermittent oscillations and the distribution for the time intervals with no significant signal (the break time). The mean lifetime is 1.45 s and 90% of the oscillation segments have lifetimes less than 3.1 s whereas the mean break time is 0.42 s and 90% of break times are less than 0.73 s. We conclude that the intermittent feature of the QPO could be explained by the Lense-Thirring precession model and rules out interpretations of continual frequency modulation.

We have investigated the long term variability of the intensities of the broad-line region emission lines in the UV spectra of Seyfert I galaxy NGC 5548 from 1973-1996. We have obtained the following results: 1) a high level correlation between the intensities of emission lines as well as between intensities of emission lines and continuum uxes was discovered. With increasing wavelength the correlation in both cases becomes weaker, 2) the relationship between the intensity of emission lines and the ux radiation in the continuum can be expressed by a power law function with coefficients of α ≈ 0:8 - 1:1 for different lines. When the difference between the wavelengths of spectral lines and the continuum is increased, the value of the power function decreases, and 3) it was found that the magnitude of the variability of the line intensities are weaker than the range of variability of the continuum uxes. The magnitude of the variability of the line intensities and the continuum uxes increase at longer wavelengths.

절화용 국산 스프레이 장미의 정식 후 1차 절곡시기와 2차 절곡방법이 절화품질 및 생산성에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 적심 후 절곡시기까지의 경과일수가 길어질수록 주당 엽수, 줄기수, 줄기 굵기 및 1차 측지수가 증가되었다. 특히 ‘White Zen’, ‘Glory Purple’ 및‘Live Pink’는 적심 25일 이후에 충분한 엽수가 확보되었다. 품종별 개화는 절곡시기가 늦어질수록 빨라졌고, 절화장, 마디수와 7매엽은 시험품종 모두 절곡시기가 늦어질수록 우수해지는 경향이었다. 1차 절곡 후 발생한 줄기수는 절곡시기가 늦어질수록 많았으나, 상품 줄기수와수출 가능한 줄기수는 적뢰 25-35일 후 절곡처리에서 대체로 높았다. 2차 절곡방법에 따른 절화장, 소화수 및 줄기 굵기 등의 절화품질은 1차 절곡 후 발생한 줄기 중상품성 있는 줄기 1본을 수확하고 나머지를 절곡한 처리(T2)가 모두 절곡한 처리(T3, T4)보다 우수하거나 유사하였고, 상품성 있는 줄기를 모두 수확하고 비상품 줄기만 절곡한 처리(T1)에서 저조하였다. 상품성 줄기와 수출 가능한 줄기수는 T1 처리가 낮았고 나머지 처리는 유사하였으며, 1차 절곡 후 발생한 상품성 있는 줄기 1본을수확하는 T2 처리가 적절한 2차 절곡방법이라고 생각된다.

The incidents related to transporting hazardous materials may cause serious impacts on neighborhood and surrounding areas. It is essential to have a real-time safe management system for incidents prevention of transporting hazardous materials. Currently, the system is not integrated into one channel, which makes it difficult to control an incidents response. Another problem is that event status is not appropriately shared among authorities having responsibilities taking down the incidents. This paper investigates previous studies covering the real-time safety management system for hazard material transports and suggests an integrated management system that helps communicate effectively and promptly.

Objective : This study examined the impact of a sixteen-week time-use intervention perio on the depression and rehabilitation motivation of stroke patients with psychological difficulties.Methods : Ten stroke patients who were divided into an experimental group and a control group participated in this study from May 2014 to August 2014. Depression changes were measured using a Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and their rehabilitation motivation was evaluated using the Rehabilitation Motivation Scale.Results : The results of the present study showed that the experimental group and control group presented significant differences before and after intervention in terms of their depression and rehabilitation motivation. However, after intervention, the depression and rehabilitation motivation did not differ between the two groups.Conclusion : The results of this study indicate that time-use intervention was effective in improving the depression and rehabilitation motivation of stroke patients, and therefore time-use intervention with occupational therapy will be useful as a clinical method for improving their level of depression and rehabilitation motivation.

본 논문에서는 대두(soybean)의 외관 검사를 위해 명암도, 지역분산 및 지역 명암도 차이에 기초한 대두 선 별 알고리즘과 이를 적용한 대두 선별 장치의 구현 방법을 제안한다. 제안한 선별 장치는 4개의 채널로 구분된 벨트 컨베이어를 이용하여 대두 시료를 정렬된 형태로 이송하고, 종단에서 낙하하는 대두들에 대해 배후조명(back-light)과 흑백의 라인스캔(line-scan) 카메라를 이용하여 영상을 획득한 후 실시간으로 대두의 외관을 양품과 불량으로 선별하 였다. 실시간 선별을 위해서 각 채널별로 전용의 DSP를 사용하였으며, 각각의 DSP에서는 채널별로 얻은 대두 영상 으로부터 명암도, 명암도의 지역분산, 지역명암도 차이에 기초하여 양품으로부터 얻은 10개의 판별 문턱치와 대두 클 래스별 3개의 특징벡터를 찾아 4개의 클래스로 구분된 대두 영상에 대한 양품과 불량 선별을 실시하였다. 선별 결과 처리량은 약 520kg/hour였고, 양품 선별 정확도 즉, 양품에 대한 양품 인식률은 97%이며 불량 선별 오류, 즉 불량을 양품으로 인식하는 비율은 4.3%를 나타냈다.

본 연구는 2014년 현재 입산시간지정제를 시행하고 있는 7개 국립공원 탐방객에 대한 설문조사를 실시하여, 입산시간지정제의 정착에 미치는 요인을 파악하였다. 설문 응답자들의 입산시간지정제에 대한 인지율이 60.7%로, 제도에 대한 홍보는 성공적인 것으로 나타났다. 응답자들이 인식하는 재난 안전사고 원인에 대한 중요도에 대한 요인분석 결과, ‘탐방객의 부주의’, ‘공원 안전관리 부족’, '탐방객 산행 준비 부족‘으로 축약할 수 있었다. 요인분석을 통해 추출된 3개 잠재 요인과 응답자의 사회경제적 특성을 독립변수로 하고 입산시간지정제 취지에 동의하는 정도를 종속변수로 한 회귀분석 결과, 재난 안전사고의 원인이 탐방객 산행 중 부주의와 탐방객 산행 준비 부족이라고 생각하는 사람일수록 입산시간지정제 취지에 동의하는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 입산시간지정제 취지에 동의하지 않는 사람일수록 안전사고에 개인의 책임이 없다고 생각한다는 의미로, 재난 안전사고 예방을 위해서는 공원 내 안전시설 설치보다는 탐방객들에게 안전사고에 대한 경각심을 주는 홍보에 투자하는 것이 더 효과적임을 시사한다.

표준은 산업발전 및 무역 자유화의 기반이며 사회 · 경제적인 효율을 향상시키는 중요한 수단이다. 표준과 관련된 정책은 국가적인 차원에서 중요한 이슈 중 하나가 되고 있으며, 이에 따라 산업 분야별 한국산업표준 제정과 활용에 대한 분석은 표준과 관련된 연 구에서 중요한 부분이 되고 있다. 본 연구는 분야별 KS 보유 및 제정현황 분석 그리고 열람실적을 이용하여 표준의 활용도 를 분석한다. 먼저 KS의 보유현황을 국가정책적인 이슈와 함께 살펴보고, 세부적으로 KS 제 정현황이 유사한 분야들은 무엇인지 파악하기 위해 다차원 척도법을 이용하여 시각화 및 군 집화를 실시한다. 이후 각 군집별 제정현황이 유사한 분야들의 표준화 제정활동에 영향을 미 치는 결정요인이 무엇인지 가설설정에 따른 회귀분석을 실시한다. 연구결과 자본집약도, 연구개발 그리고 매출액이 표준화 제정활동에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이에 따라 정부 는 자본집약도가 큰 기업들이 표준화 과정에서 선도적 역할을 유도하고, 연구개발에 따른 표 준과 기술특허 등을 정책적으로 연계시키며, 매출액이 큰 기업들이 표준화 활동을 선도하도 록 지원정책을 수립해야 한다. 두 번째로 표준의 활용도를 분석하기 위해, KS 열람실적 데이 터를 사용하며, 각 KS의 제정연도, 형태 분야별 활용도가 어떻게 다른지 기초통계분석과 의 사결정나무를 사용하여 분석을 수행한다. 그 결과 표준의 제정시기가 활용도에 영향을 크게 미치며, 특정 분야와 형태의 KS들은 최근에 제정되었더라도 활용도가 높은 것으로 나타났 다. 이에 따라 열람실적이 낮은 표준들에 대한 홍보 정책과 함께, 표준을 제정할 때 미열람되 는 표준이 적어지도록 활용도를 고려하는 정책을 수립해야 한다.

Experimental design with pellet heating time of 1.00, 1.33, 1.67, 2.00, 2.33, 2.67, 3.00, 3.33, 3.67, and 4.00 min was studied to investigate the effects of pellet heating time on the physical properties (expansion ratio, density and breaking strength) of vacuum-puffed Yukwa. The size and shape of vacuum-puffed Yukwa varied with respect to the pellet heating time.As pellet heating time increased, a values and b values tended to increase. The maximum expansion (4.626) with the lowest bulk density (0.112) was obtained at 3.33 min heating time, whereas the minimum expansion (2.954) with the highest bulk density (0.208) was found at 1 min. The breaking strength of vacuumpuffed Yukwa decreased significantly as the pellet heating time increased. Overall, the heating time had significant impacts on the physical properties of vacuum-puffed Yukwa.

The Air-shiter is a new products possible ventilation at the same time cooling or heating with integrated refrigeration and ventilation units. and is a key component of the air shifter devices and bypass damper. The air shifter devices are to convert the outdoor air, room air, supply air and exhaust air flow. And the bypass damper is device to determine a ventilation. After research and development of these systems were as follows. It is confirmed that the Air-shiter is possible ventilation at the same time cooling or heating, and outdoor air cooling in the spring or fall.

Our research focused on the development of a conceptual model of the turnover intention of part-time sales associates working in apparel retailing to enhance understanding of the issue and thus, provide information to apparel retailers to curtail the loss of human resources. The model consists of input variables and outcomes. Input variables were personal characteristics, work engagement, and work effort. Outcome variables were job performance, job satisfaction, burnout, and employee turnover. A convenience sample of 294 part-time workers completed an online questionnaire. Structural equation modeling was used to test hypotheses regarding antecedents to turnover intention. This study revealed that self-efficacy and work competencies indirectly influenced intention to turnover because they influenced work engagement, which in turn positively affected work effort. Work effort and work engagement directly influenced job performance, which in turn impacted job satisfaction. The data also indicated a negative relationship between job satisfaction and burnout. Burnout had a direct influence on turnover intention. As a research limitation, our data came from a purposive sample. A random sample of part-time associates is needed to generalize findings. This study provides numerous implications for future research with regard to additional variables impacting work effort, work engagement, job satisfaction, and turnover intention.

Storytelling has become increasingly of interest for marketing and management in the last years and promises both aesthetic design and effecting consumers’ perception of fashion brands positively. Nevertheless, the complexity of story design, still being rather focussed by the humanities, and its effective adaption for luxury fashion brands regarding value perception and related behavioural consequences are still poorly understood and have not been explored so far. We seek to fill this research gap. In our study, we chose a luxury brand’s existing story and applied story concepts of narratology to rearrange plot, characters, and style first. In a second step, we examined the effect of applying the story concepts by testing the perception of three different groups (no story, original story, and rearranged story). Using PLS path modelling, we proved our hypotheses empirically. Our examination suggests that an application of narrative concepts for creating fashion brand stories has a measurable impact on consumer’s reception and behavioural outcome. On the one hand, this involves dimensions of luxury value, such as financial, functional, individual, and social consumer perceptions as well as an overall likability perception of the brand. On the other hand, this perception obviously impacts consumption habits regarding luxury fashion as much as it is related to recommendation behaviour, willingness to pay a premium price, and purchase intentions. Our findings strongly advice to consult established theories, concepts, and models of the humanities for storytelling in marketing and management. While measuring specific elements already proves their applicability, it will be a major task for theoretical and qualitative research to discuss existing material for the demands of marketing and management as well as (fashion) brands. Even for professionals in brand management, our study advices to have a closer look on traditional storytelling concepts to create effective campaigns. The particular value of our study is to present and empirically verify design elements of storytelling with respect to theoretical narrative approaches, which may have specific impact on certain luxury values and their causal effects on luxury fashion consumption. Our results reflect remarkable implications for luxury brand management as well as future research in luxury fashion, brand management, and marketing storytelling. A luxury company may stimulate purchase behaviour with a storytelling campaign. Nevertheless our study proved that a rather appropriate design, respecting research approaches of narratology, is able to increase the impact on consumers’ perception and behavioural outcome.

Dietary and lifestyle modifications are widely prescribed to prevent recurrence of urolithiasis, although little is known about the clinical and demographic factors associated with patient compliance and urinary metabolic changes. The present study assessed the clinical and demographic factors influencing compliance with a modified diet and lifestyle in first-time ureteric stone formers as well as determined the effects of compliance on urinary stone risk factors. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 53 patients presenting with ureteric calcium stones. Using a self-completed questionnaire, patients were classified according to compliance with seven recommendations for modifying diet and lifestyle into good compliance group (complied with ≥ three recommendations) and poor compliance group. Before (on a random diet) and after prescribing the modifications, 24 hour urine samples were collected from those in the good and poor compliance group. The stone size at presentation and initial treatment modality were closely associated with patient compliance (P=0.019, P=0.027, respectively). Citrate excretion significantly increased in the good compliance group after adopting modifications (P=0.012), whereas the poor compliance group did not show a statistically significant difference. Moreover, patients in the poor compliance group showed significantly increased urinary calcium excretion by the end of the study (P=0.040). After adjustments for age, sex, body mass index, and metabolic abnormality status, poor compliance was found to be an independent risk factor for persistence or development of hypocitraturia (OR: 3.885; 95% CI: 1.102~13.694; P=0.035). In conclusion, our results imply that patient education programs regarding diet and lifestyle should be tailored to the individual’s clinical and demographic characteristics.

The efficacy of chemical disinfectants is reduced owing to the inactivation of active ingredients after dilution. This study investigated the effect of time on the efficacy of six different disinfectants, after dilution, against avian influenza virus. When used at the recommended concentration, most disinfectants showed efficacy at a high concentrations in the presence of organic materials immediately after dilution, while sodium dichloroisocyanurate-based products, after dilution, showed reduced efficacy over time at low concentrations in the absence of organic materials. Most disinfectants were neutralized by organic materials; however, this could be compensated for by increasing the product dosage. For successful decontamination in farms, disinfectants should be used at high concentrations in accordance with the manufacturers’ recommendations. Furthermore, the presence of organic materials must be taken into consideration, and diluted disinfectant solution should be prepared no more than a day before use.

This study explains an agricultural mobile commerce case using Oauth Based Real-Time Information Sharing Technique according to the growth of the agricultural e-commerce market. Considering the characteristics of the agricultural market, it can confirm differential values with the existing agricultural mobile commerce market according to the functions and characteristics of its technique. We compare variables for introducing agricultural mobile commerce with the existing mobile commerce. Trust through information sharing with real-timefarming diaries, suitability and perceived ease of use variables are positively influenced, but influence on completeness and authority of information variables are relatively insufficient. Through this, we explained differential values of agricultural mobile commerce and suggested an applicable business model.

Aging water pipe networks hinder efficient management of important water service indices such as revenue water and leakage ratio due to pipe breakage and malfunctioning of pipe appurtenance. In order to control leakage in water pipe networks, various methods such as the minimum night flow analysis and sound waves method have been used. However, the accuracy and efficiency of detecting water leak by these methods need to be improved due to the increase of water consumption at night. In this study the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) technique was applied to the night water flow data of 426 days collected from a water distribution system in the interval of one hour. Based on the PCA technique, computational algorithms were developed to narrow the time windows for efficient execution of leak detection job. The algorithms were programmed on computer using the MATLAB. The presented techniques are expected to contribute to the efficient management of water pipe networks by providing more effective time windows for the detection of the anomaly of pipe network such as leak or abnormal demand.