Presenting semantically related L2 words is a popular method in EFL coursebooks, but the research results on this issue remain inconclusive. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effects of semantic clustering on Korean young learners’ English vocabulary learning. The study was conducted with 174 primary school students. The subjects were divided into two groups: a semantically related words group (SR) and a semantically unrelated words group (SU). For the six weeks of treatment, the two comparison groups were taught the same 40 vocabulary items in different clusters. The vocabulary test results showed that both vocabulary presentation methods had a positive effect on vocabulary learning. However, the SU group significantly outperformed the SR group. These findings indicate that presenting new L2 words in semantically unrelated sets might be more effective than semantically related sets.

목적:이 연구는 2009년 생활시간조사 자료를 활용하여 유아기 자녀를 둔 어머니의 생활시간을 분석하고, 작업영역별 수행 시간량을 통한 작업균형을 제시하고자 하였다.연구방법:통계청의 2009년 생활시간조사 원 자료를 사용하여 유아기 자녀를 둔 어머니 2,369명의 시간사용량을 분석하였다. 작업영역을 수면, 일상생활활동, 육아, 노동, 여가로 재분류하였고 각 영역별 시간사용량을 기준으로 작업균형집단과 불균형집단을 분류하였다. 작업균형집단과 불균형 집단의 시간사용에 대한 차이를 알아보기 위하여 독립 t검정을 사용하여 분석하였다.결과:작업영역별 작업균형 시간범위는 수면이 370~550분, 일상생활활동은 100~230분, 육아는 40~300분, 일은 210~560분, 여가는 100~360분 이었다. 작업균형집단은 불균형집단에 비해 육아시간이 줄어들었고, 수면과 여가시간이 증가한 것으로 나타났다.결론:본 연구는 유아기 자녀를 둔 어머니가 시간을 효율적으로 사용할 수 있도록 전략을 수립하고, 장애가 있는 자녀를 둔 가정의 가족지원정책의 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

Intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia (IPEH) is a rare benign vascular lesion that rarely occurs in the oral cavity. Its clinical features are similar to neoplasms, which are easily identified in the oral cavity, and it can be misdiagnosed as an angiosarcoma. Therefore, it is important to recognize the characteristics of the lesion in order to both diagnose and treat it properly. We report a case of IPEH in a young Korean female patient, as well as discuss its differential diagnosis and treatment using a review of the related literature.

This paper aims to contribute to the existing literature about social influence on products purchase intention. Specifically, it focuses on social influence among young adults’ purchase intention for luxury products, through investigation about Macau young adults consumption culture. Three types of social influence (informational influence, utilitarian influence, and value-expressive influence) are examined in this study. In terms of product conspicuousness, two types of luxury products can be identified based on the degree to which products usage is performed in public versus private. Hypotheses include that informational influence, utilitarian influence, and value-expressive influence will be significantly and positively related to consumer purchase intention for luxury products, both publicly and privately consumed. A convenient sample of 120 Macau young adults aged 18 to 24 participated in this study. The result of Regression and Analysis of Variance indicated that consumers have been affected by different types of social influence when they purchase different types of luxury products. Value-expressive influence is significantly and positively related to purchase intention for public products. Moreover, both informational influence and value-expressive influence are significantly and positively related to purchase intention for private luxury products. However, the effects of utilitarian influence are insignificant to both public and private luxury products, which are contrary to the hypotheses specified in this study and surprising findings about contemporary Chinese culture. Additionally, female has higher intention to buy luxury products. Based on the results of this study, marketing implications and managerial insights in the luxury retail market are recommended accordingly. Future research can provide a more comprehensive perspective of social influence than the exploratory one offered in the present study.

본 연구는 피복자재와 전기발열체에 의한 포도 유목의 휴면기와 수액이동기 꽃눈 피해를 경감하기 위하여 수행하였다. 1. 저온 환경제어시스템에서 보온력 차이는 볏짚 +부직포 > 부직포 > 볏짚 > 무피복 순으로 높았으며, 볏짚 +부직포 2중피복에서 온도 저하 지연 효과가 가장 좋았으나, 12시간 처리에서는 피복자재별 보온력 차이가 거의 없었다. 2. 휴면기 꽃눈 피해는 캠벨얼리와 MBA가 비슷하였으며, 거봉에서 높았고, 무피복 > 볏짚 > 부직포 > 볏짚 +부직포 순으로 낮았다. 볏짚 +부직포는 −20℃ 6시간 저온처리부터 꽃눈 피해가 발생하여 보온 효과가 높았다. 3. 수액이동기 –10℃ 저온처리에서 꽃눈 피해는 휴면기와 비슷한 경향이었으며, 품종 간에는 차이가 없었으며, 휴면이타파된 수액이동기 저온에서 꽃눈 피해가 더 크다. 4. 전기발열체 +부직포는 −5℃ 3시간 처리에서 휴면기 –20℃에서 −4.8℃, 수액이동기는 −10℃에서 −4.3℃ 주간부 내부온도가 유지되어 방한에 효과적이었다. 5. 짚 +부직포은 휴면기에는 꽃눈 피해가 발생하는데 지연 효과가 있으나 수액이동기에는 효과가 적었으며, −5℃ 설정 전기발열체 +부직포에서는 꽃눈 피해가 발생하지 않았다.

본 논문은 청소년의 애도에 관해서 상담적 관점과 신학적 접근을 통해 서 고찰하고자 한다. 최근에 발생한 세월호 참사에서 살아남은 청소년들 이 어떻게 애도가 가능한지를 질문하면서, 세 가지 입장에서 접근하고자 한다. 첫째, 자기심리학에서 청소년의 애도를 다룰지를 생각하면서, 무력 감으로 고통받는 내담자에게 실패했던 자기대상 경험을 현재의 일상에서 여러 대상들과 다양한 관계성을 통하여 재경험할 수 있는 가능성을 열어 주는 것을 생각해 볼 수 있다. 둘째, 생존한 학생들이 고통스런 감정을 억 압하고 숨길 때 겪는 무력감을 작용적 신학과 고백적 신학을 통해서 이해 한다면, 무력감의 근원이 되는 우상적 이미지를 벗어나서 새로운 관계를 추구할 수 있는 출발점을 찾을 수 있을 것이다. 마지막으로 피학성 성격조 직의 이해를 통해서 접근할 경우, 감정억압과 무력감을 지속시키는 비합 리적 신념을 내담자가 직면하고 노출하는 의식화 과정을 통해서 삶의 전 환점을 마련할 수 있을 것이다.

The objective of this study was to determine the duration of maintained calf muscle flexibility gained in young adults with calf muscle tightness, as measured by increases in ankle active and passive dorsiflexion range of motion (DFROM) after three stretching interventions. Twenty subjects (5 men and 15 women) with calf muscle tightness received the following three stretching interventions in one leg (assigned at random): static stretching (SS), eccentric training on stable surface (ETS), and eccentric training on unstable surfaces (ETU). The subjects received all three interventions to the same leg, applied in a random order. Each intervention had a break of at least 24 h in-between, in order to minimize any carryover effect. Each intervention used two types of stretching: with the calf muscle stretched and both knees straight, and with the knee slightly bent in order to maximize the activation of the soleus muscle. All three interventions were performed for 200 seconds. We measured the duration of maintained calf muscle flexibility through active and passive ankle DFROM before intervention, immediately after intervention (time 0), and then 3, 6, 9, 15, and 30 min after intervention. We found a difference in the duration of maintained calf muscle flexibility between the three interventions. In the ETS and ETU interventions, a significant improvement in calf muscle flexibility, both ankle active and passive dorsiflexion ranges of motion (ADFROM and PDFROM), was maintained for 30 min. In the SS intervention, however, ADFROM before 9 min and PDFROM before 6 min were statistically different from the baseline. Our results suggest that ETS and ETU may be more effective than SS for maintaining calfmuscle flexibility in young adults.

Korean families were separated in the wake of division of Korea into north and south. Separated families became refugees, defecting from North Korea. Therefore, it can be said that all of the North Korean refugees, who have currently settled down in South Korea, fall under the category of separated families. Under these circumstances, group experience and homesickness of North Korean refugees have been the driving force of their artistic creation, which has been reflected in their works. It was found that the North Korean refugee painters had felt homesick. Young-rim Choi also is North Korean refugee painter. He described the utopia that he had dreamed of in his works as they put emphasis on pain from loss of hometown and nostalgia for childhood. He also reflected his hometown indirectly in his works. His works have the common features such as landscape that is similar to that of his hometown, influence by tumulus murals, which can be assumed based on iconic and expressive technique. It is right to say that the common features express objects of ideology that is intrinsic to painter’s mind, rather than simple landscape or person. This is because his paintings connote painter’s longing, memory, dream, and hard feelings of deep sorrow simultaneously. As the painter look for images that are similar to those of his hometown due to physical absence of homeland, such images mean that consciousness of internal diaspora of Korea among North Korean refugee painter is expressed in the passive way. This study was meaningful in that the works and achievements by Young-rim Choi were examined in the perspective of internal diaspora of Korea, even though he has never been investigated until recently, with a view to getting an in-depth understanding of his works and positioning the painter on the historical map.

The purpose of this research was to explore whether playing self-hygiene serious game has any effect on the knowledge, self-efficacy, and behavior related to self-hygiene of young children. Three children, ages 5 and 6, all male, participated in this study. Three children were observed for one, two, and three weeks before game play. After this baseline period, the children were given a game titled Parasite Wars, in which the children have to kill the parasites to get healthy, to play for one week. After the initial exposure to the game, the children were observed during one week of game play for self-hygiene behavior. Also, immediately before and after the week of game-play, children were tested on knowledge and self-efficacy related to self-hygiene. Results indicate that all children improved in knowledge and self-efficacy after the gameplay. Numbers of voluntary hand-wash increased after initial exposure to the game for all three children. The numbers of verbal facilitation for hand-wash all decreased with game-play.

Here, we present an approach of blood plasma proteome profiling and their comparisons between the young and the adult pigs as prerequisite for the identification of bio-markers related to the health conditions, growth performance and meat quality. To profile the proteome in porcine plasma, blood samples were collected from 19 young piglets and 20 adult male barrows and the plasma was retrieved. Then, protein profiling was initiated using one and two-di-mensional electrophoresis. Proteins were spotted and then identified by MALDI-TOF-TOF and LC-MS-MS. In the re-sults, more than thirty-six and twenty eight protein spots were selected in young piglets and adult pigs, respectively and twenty three proteins were identified. The proteome profile images were compared between those ones using Image Master Version 7.0. The image of expressed proteome showed that most of proteins from plasma of young pig-let separated clearly and concentrated in 2DE display compared to ones from adult. Image analysis in detail was car-ried out to look for the specific proteins related to age progression. It demonstrated that the characteristics of proteome expression could be distinct to their age stages. Further investigations needed to proceed to understand the age de-pendent change of protein conformation and biological meaning of those differences in proteome expression between young and mature adult pigs.

본 연구는 복숭아 유목기에 생육 촉진을 목적으로 질소를 과다 시용하여 동해발생의 우려가 있을 경우 에틸알콜 토양 살포에 의한 수체 내 전분증진과 증가된 전분이 동해에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위해 수행하였다. 1. 전분함량은 질소 검정시비량 이상 시용에서는 시비량이 많아짐에 따라 감소하였고, 검정시비량의 75% 시용에서도 감 소하는 경향으로 부적절한 질소시비는 전분축적을 저해하였다. 2. 질소가 과다 시용된 복숭아 유목의 전분함량 증진을 위 해서는 9월 5일에 에틸알콜 50 mL를 토양 투입하는 것이 전 분함량을 가장 많이 증가시키는 효과적인 추비방법이었다. 3. 월동 전에 저온지역인 제천과 평창지역으로 수체를 이동 시켜 청원지역의 수체와 비교한 결과 4월 하순의 전분함량은 평창 >제천 >청원 순으로 높았다. 이는 평창지역은 12월 하 순 ~ 1월 상순, 제천지역은 2월 상순에 동해를 받아 전분이 당 으로 전환되어 세포의 결빙을 억제하는 기작이 원활하지 않았 기 때문이라고 판단되었다. 4. 질소 25% 이상 증비된 처리에 에틸알콜을 토양에 살포 하였을 때 동해경감 효과가 있었고, 월동 전 전분함량과 꽃눈동해와는 고도로 유의성 있는 부의 상관관계가 있었다.

The purpose of this study is to identify the figurative characteristics and symbolic meanings of the patterns of royal families in the late Joseon Dynasty based on the theoretical examination as well as the overall characteristics of the colors based on the quantitative analysis of colors. This study focused on the costumes of King Young royal families in the late Joseon Dynasty which is the last costume of Joseon Dynasty and classified 129 relics under preservation for the analysis. This study analyzed the colors using the digital data in the picture brochure as the previous studies did and presented the color palette. Based on this, a variety of textile designs that are developed by using the traditional patterns and colors could be applied to the modern fashion designs. For Patterns used in costumes of King Young royal families, the five pattern categories include animals, plants, letters, and geometric patterns and the final category of other types. The features of color in the costume were v tone of Y color and lt and p tones of Y color. The implication of this study is to develop textile designs which reflects conversion of past and modern cultures and cultural identity by applying the traditional cultural elements through literature review and empirical study and theses developed 8 textile designs could be applied to the various modesrn fashion designs.

近年研究兒童書寫的文獻指出書寫發展能帶動認字發展，更突顯出寫字發展的重要，然而目前是非常缺乏幼兒漢字書寫的研究，因此有需要針對幼兒寫字的形式及漢字書寫發展兩個核心問題作探索性的基礎研究。研究法採用個案形式，追縱3-6歲幼兒在學校內自由書寫活動中的書寫形式及過程。資料蒐集方法包括現場觀察、錄影、錄音、訪問兒童、家長、教師，及檢閱課程文件。資料分析採用分析法、歸納法和建立邏輯的方法。本報告發表一個幼兒個案的研究結果。分析顯示個案幼兒早期的漢字書寫字形分兩大類及包含多種形式；發現幼兒在3歲入學時已能運用具表意功能的線條來代表漢字；在學校中，幼兒較多時間書寫接近規範字形的字和字形規範的新手字。研究結果對促進幼兒的讀寫發展有重要啟示。

The purpose of this study was to determine the reliability and validity of the postural balance program which uses the movement accelerating field principles of posture balance training and evaluation equipment and smartphone movement accelerometer program (SMAP) in healthy young adults. A total of 34 people were appointed as the subject among the healthy young adults. By using Biodex stability system (BSS) and SMAP on the subject, the posture balance capability was evaluated. For the test-retest reliability, SMAP showed the intra-class correlation (ICC: .62~.91) and standard error measurement (SEM: .01~.08). BSS showed the moderate to high reliability of ICC (.88~.93) and SEM (.02~.20). In the reliability of inter-rater, ICC (.59~.73) as to SMAP, showed the reliability of moderate in eyes open stability all (EOSA), eyes open stability anterior posterior (EOSAP), eyes open stability medial lateral (EOSML) and eyes open dinamic all (EODA), eyes open danamic anterior posterior (EODAP), and eyes open danamic medial lateral (EODML). However, ICC showed reliability which was as low as .59 less than in other movements. In addition, BSS showed the reliability of high as ICC (.70~.75). It showed reliability which was as low as ICC (.59 less than) in other movements. In correlation to the balance by attitudes between SMAP and BSS, EOSML (r=.62), EODA (r=.75), EODML (r=.72), ECDAP (r=.64), and ECDML (r=.69) shown differ significantly (p<.05). However, the correlation noted in other movements did not differ significantly. Therefore, SMAP and BSS can be usefully used in the posture balance assessment of the static and dynamic condition with eyes opened and closed.