Climatic change affects agricultural, environmental and livestock production. Forage productivity is highly dependent on the weather change. The Pyeongchang region has more difficulty in cultivation of Sorghum-Sudangrass hybrids (SSH) than other warm regions because of the cold weather. This experiment was carried out to analysis the agronomic characteristics, productivity, and nutritive value of three cultivars of Sorghum-Sudangrass hybrids in the Pyeongchang region from 2021 to 2022. Two harvests were taken in each year, and the agronomic characteristics, dry matter yield, and nutrient content of the whole SSH crops were determined. The plant height ranged between 281-291 cm and 165-172 cm in the first and second harvest, respectively. Plant height of Superdan (291±49 cm) was the highest in the first cut and Dairy mens Dream (172±30 cm) was the highest in the second cut time. Stem diameter ranged from 9.5 to 8.8 mm with Superdan having a higher level than the other two cultivars. The Dairy mens Dream variety produced significantly higher dry matter yield (15,695 kg/ha) than those of Superdan (14,584 kg/ha) and Supergreen (14,300 kg/ha) over a two-year experimental period. In terms of nutritional quality, the crude protein content, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber of SSH cultivars were analysed. There were no significant changes in the content of CP, ADF and NDF ranges among the cultivars. In addition, the Superdan cultivar had slightly higher CP content (10.17%) and was followed by Dairy mens Dream (9.84%) and Supergreen (9.54%) in the second cut time of 2-year average. Dairy mens dream had lower ADF and NDF values than other cultivars; however, no significant differences amongst cultivars in fiber content were observed. Therefore, these three cultivars displayed the potential growth characteristics, DM yield and nutritive values in Pyeongchang region. Hence, the SSH cultivars have a potential to withstand the climatic change and improve SSH productivity in the study area.

This case study with 12 Korean high school emergent bilinguals (K-emergent bilinguals) illustrates how the pedagogical concept of translingual dialogic webbing can be conceptualized based on theories of dialogism and translanguaging. Through a concrete case of classroom activities using a picturebook, the Rough Patch, this article shows how the pedagogical concept of translingual dialogic webbing can be conceptualized and materialized in Korean high school English language teaching classrooms (Korean ELT). K-emergent bilinguals’ translingual classroom discussions as well as translingual and multimodal written responses revealed that translingual dialogic webbing could help Kemergent bilinguals draw on their available meaning making resources, including Korean, English, semiotic modes, cultural knowledge, and experiences, to navigate and construct more nuanced meanings with creativity and critical insights across time and space. By bridging translanguaging and dialogism, this study addresses the critical need for linguistic inclusivity and adaptability in Korean ELT, while embracing students’ diverse ideas, creativity, and the multilingual and multimodal realities of today.

본 논문은 행정조사로서 집행되는 해양오염조사가 형사절차와 연결되면서 발생할 수 있는 몇 가지 문제점과 개선방안에 대해 검토한다. 해양경찰청에는 해양사고 시 환경오염을 조사하는 전문 부서가 있다. 이 부서에서는 해양오염 에 대한 행정조사를 시행하고, 그 결과로 해양환경관리법 위반 혐의사항을 수 사부서로 통보하여 수사절차가 개시된다. 이는 행정조사에 따라 수집되는 오염 물질 시료와 분석결과, 행위자 시인서, 선박ㆍ시설의 설비에 대한 자료 등을 수집하고, 그 내용에 대한 보고서를 작성하여 수사부서로 통보하면서 형사절차 로 전환되는 것이다. 이러한 절차는 효율적이기는 하지만 형사소송법상 원칙을 저해할 수 있다. 이를 보완하기 위해 해양오염 조사에 있어서 형법상 적법절차 원칙 적용, 행정조사 진술거부권 검토 및 수집되는 증거의 증명력 제고와 함께 과학적 증거에 대한 기술적 역량 강화가 필요하다.

This study analyzes the comparative value chains of domestically caught coastal mackerel and Norwegian mackerel within the Korean market, across six stages: global supply and demand, domestic production and imports from Norway, distribution of raw mackerel, processing into semi-processed or final products, distribution of final products, and consumption. The research methodology combined qualitative and quantitative approaches, including in-depth interviews with 32 industry stakeholders (from fishing companies to government agencies) and an online survey of 400 Seoul consumers, utilizing conjoint analysis. Norway maintains market dominance through a demand-driven value chain, characterized by quality-focused production, efficient overseas processing networks in Southeast Asia and China, and aggressive marketing by the Norwegian Seafood Council. In contrast, Korea's coastal mackerel industry follows a supplier-driven value chain, facing challenges such as inconsistent quality due to year-round non-selective fishing, limited processing capabilities due to high labor costs and aging workforce, and lack of direct consumer marketing channels. The study identifies structural differences in the Korean market's value chain and suggests strategic improvements for the domestic mackerel industry while highlighting the need for a shift toward a more demand-oriented approach.

This study explored multidimensional value of the Moroccan Figuig Oasis in designated Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS) and explored strategies for sustainable management and dynamic conservation. The Figuig Oasis successfully preserves a unique agro-ecosystem in an arid desert environment, utilizing traditional irrigation systems and multi-layered agricultural systems. The local economy relies heavily on the date palm industry and livestock farming. The ethnic and cultural diversity of the region contributes to a strong community-based social fabric. However, this oasis faces serious challenges, including water resource depletion due to climate change, spread of Bayoud disease, population decline, youth migration away from agricultural activities, and economic vulnerability. In addition, the region’s ability to be economically self-sufficient is being undermined by a growing reliance on migrant remittances. Despite a growing number of women engaging in agriculture, they continue to be marginalized in land ownership and decision-making processes. In light of these challenges, this study assessed the status and characteristics of the Figuig Oasis inscribed on the FAO’s GIAHS. This study emphasizes the role of GIAHS as a catalyst for expressing and strengthening pluralistic values and public goods functions of agriculture. Through this analysis, this study seeks to reaffirm that the FAO GIAHS framework is a traditional knowledge system that contains concerns and wisdom of past generations, which, if effectively harnessed, can help overcome ecological challenges and realize the potential for future agricultural and rural development.

목적 : 본 연구에서는 강원도 강릉지역의 중학교 3학년의 굴절 상태를 분석하여 지역적 기초자료로 사용하고자 한다. 방법 : 남학생 208안, 여학생 117안 총 325 안을 대상으로 연구를 진행하였으며, 등가구면 굴절이상 정도의 분 류는 정시 기준은 –0.25 D ~ +0.25 D, 경도 근시 –0.50 D~ -2.75 D, 중등도 근시 –3.00 D ~ 5.75 D, 고도 근 시 –6.00 D 이상으로 나누어 분류하여 굴절 상태를 분석하였다. 결과: 근시 291안 평균 굴절력은 –2.94±1.91 D, 남학생은 –2.85±1.89 D, 여학생은 –3.11±1.94 D로 조사되었 다. 근시 정도의 분류를 비교했을 때 경도 근시는 –1.40±0.75 D, 중등도 근시는 –4.06±0.87 D, 그리고 고도 근시는 –6.78±0.89 D으로 나타났으며 총 325안의 평균 굴절력은 –2.63±2.03 D로 나타났다. 성별에 따른 근시의 평균 굴절 력은 경도 근시는 남학생 –1.37±0.71 D, 여학생 –1.47±0.82 D, 중등도 근시는 남학생 –4.03±0.86 D, 여학생 –4.11±0.89 D, 고도 근시는 남학생 –6.63±0.86 D, 여학생 –7.09±0.94 D으로 나타났다. 난시의 평균 굴절력을 비교해 본 결과 남학생 –1.43±1.00 D, 여학생은 –1.34±0.98 D로, 경도 근시는 남학생 –1.24±0.97 D, 여학생 –0.92±0.41 D(t=-2.10, p<0.050)로, 고도 근시는 남학생 –1.44±0.49 D, 여학생 –2.50±1.76 D(t=2.34, p< 0.050)으로 나타났다. 결론 : 학생들은 근시 범위 중에서 중등도 근시의 비율이 가장 높았으며 여학생에서 경도 중등도 그리고 고도 근시 범위 모두 더 높은 굴절력이 나타났고, 난시 비교에서는 고도 근시 범위에 해당되는 난시에서만 여학생이 높 게 나타났다. 앞으로도 시력 관리에 도움이 될 만한 연구가 계속되어야 할 것으로 생각된다.

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of feeding DDGS and full-fat soybean in the finishing diet on the performance, carcass characteristics and unsaturated fatty acid composition of Hanwoo steers. Thirty Hanwoo steers (average age, 26.4 months; weight, 756.69 kg) were assigned into Control (no additive), DS (DDGS supplemented) and FS (full-fat soybean supplemented). The feeding rate of DDGS and full-fat soybean was set at 10% and 5% in the finishing diet, respectively, and the in vivo trial was conducted for 122 days. The final body weight was 779.81, 774.20 and 791.95 kg for Control, DS and FS, respectively, and the average daily gain was not different among treatments. The feed conversion ratio was lower in FS compared to Control. Carcass cold carcass weight, backfat thickness, M. longissimus dorsi area and marbling scores were not different among treatments, and moisture, crude protein, and crude fat content in carcass were not different. The melting point of sirloin ranged from 25 to 26℃ among treatments. The saturated fatty acid, C18:0, was lower in the FS than in Control. C18:1, the main unsaturated fatty acid (UFA) in carcasses, did not show any difference among treatments, but C18:2 was higher in DS than in Control. Total UFAs were higher in the FS than in Control. Based on the above results, DDGS feeding was effective in improving feed conversion ratio and C18:2 content, and full-fat soybean feeding was effective in improving feed conversion ratio and increasing UFA content.

스마트폰의 발전과 함께 성장한 차량공유서비스는 신기술과 결합하며 더 많은 사용자를 확보하기 위하여 노력하 고 있는 상황이다. 사용자의 서비스 사용을 유도하고 촉진하기 위해서는 감성을 이해하고 파악하는 것이 중요하며, 자동차의 감성과 관련된 연구는 꾸준히 진행되어져 왔다. 그러나 차량공유서비스 관련 연구들은 주로 교통정책이나 산업공학 관련 연구가 대부분이다. 따라서 차량공유서비스의 사용자에게 사용자 친화적인 경험을 제공하고 서비스를 확산하기 위해서는 차량공유서비스의 감성에 대한 이해가 필요하다. 이에 본 연구에서는 차량공유서비스에서 기대되 는 감성을 표현하는 어휘를 탐색하고 대표 감성을 추출하고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 차량공유서비스와 감성에 대하여 문헌을 통해 이해하였다. 그리고 관련 문헌에서 감성 어휘를 수집한 후, 전문가 리뷰를 진행하여 차량공유서비스의 감성 어휘 탐색에 적절한 어휘를 정리하였다. 마지막으로 정리된 감성 어휘 항목을 바탕으로 설문조사를 실시하였고, 차량공유서비스에서 기대되는 대표 감성으로 <혁신>, <실용>, <불편>, <충실>, <쾌락>, <유연>의 6가지를 도출하였다. 본 연구는 차량공유서비스를 사용하면서 사용자가 느끼거나 기대되는 감성을 측정하고 비교할 수 있는 감성 어 휘와 대표 감성을 도출했다는 것에 연구 의의를 가진다. 또한 향후 연구에서 대표 감성을 바탕으로 이를 측정하는 구체적인 평가 항목을 제작할 수 있을 것으로 보인다.

본 논문은 조지 허버트의 시에 드러난 ‘하늘’을 이해하는 것이 목적이다. 하 늘이 갖는 역할, 의미, 소망을 알기 위해 그의 시집 􋺷성전􋺸에 수록된 시들을 살 펴보았다. 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 하늘은 사랑의 원천으로, 허버트는 비를 하늘에 계신 그리스도로부터 흘러나오는 세례수로 이해한다. 그는 인간이 속죄 를 위해 하늘을 바라볼 때, 그리스도의 사랑으로 죄가 정화될 것을 드러낸다. 둘 째, 하늘은 영원한 상급이 있는 곳으로, 허버트는 인간을 이원적인 생명을 가진 존재로 여긴다. 그는 인간이 하늘의 영원한 보물을 바라보며, 두 생명에 부여받 은 소명을 감당해야 함을 드러낸다. 셋째, 하늘은 완전한 회복이 있는 곳으로, 허버트는 고통스러운 세상에서 다시 시선을 돌려 하늘을 바라보며, 구름을 흩고 그리스도와 연합하기를 간구한다. 그는 최후의 온전한 연합을 소망하며 세상을 극복한다. 그러므로 허버트가 이해한 하늘은 인간을 죄에서 정화하고, 점차 성 화하게 하며, 궁극적으로 영화에 이르도록 하는 구원 성취의 과정이다.

This study assessed the effects of fescue toxicosis on ruminal metabolism and physiology in steers. Twelve ruminally cannulated Angus steers [body weight (BW) = 547 ± 9 kg] were blocked by BW and randomly assigned to six blocks. The steers were fed alfalfa cubes (1.5× NEm) and dosed (1 kg/d) with either endophyte-infected tall fescue seed (E+) or endophyte-free tall fescue seed (E-) via rumen cannula for 21 days. Ruminal dry matter (DM) content was tended to have a higher (p=0.052) in steers in E+ than in E- group. Total volatile fatty acid (VFA), acetate concentrations, as well as the acetate:propionate ratio, were higher (p=0.084, 0.095, and <0.001, respectively) in the E+ group, while propionate was lower (p<0.001). Ruminal pH and temperature were similar between treatment groups (p=0.62 and 0.95, respectively), but ruminal pressure was higher (p<0.001) in E-. Additionally, serum prolactin levels was lower (p<0.001) in the E+ group. These findings suggest that consumption of endophyte-infected tall fescue seed may impair ruminal VFA absorption, potentially due to changes in ruminal motility.

This study examines public perceptions and language ideologies regarding English use in Korea‘s linguistic landscape by analyzing 2,191 online news comments concerning the English-only menu controversy in 2023. The analysis reveals that negative comments (89%) significantly outnumbered accepting ones (11%). Critical responses view English use as displaying pretentiousness and cultural subservience while posing a threat to Korean linguistic and cultural identity. Critics raise concerns regarding language use, such as incorrect English usage, inconsistent bilingual practices, and discrepancies between displayed and actual proficiency. They also point to issues of information accessibility and the broader trend of excessive English use in Korean society. By contrast, accepting perspectives justify English menu use based on business owners’ autonomy, strategic marketing, the basic comprehensibility of the English used, and the naturalness of English use in the global era. The findings highlight that monolingualism prevails, with English perceived as distinctly “foreign,” while also revealing contradictions in public attitudes, including overreliance on foreign validation of Korean, conflicting views on linguistic hierarchy, and ambivalent attitudes toward English proficiency. This study contributes to a better understanding of public perceptions of English in Korea‘s linguistic landscape and the ideological dynamics underlying language choice in public spaces.

목적 : 근시 교정용 (-)렌즈를 대상으로 편심 크기를 변화하면서 동일 직경으로 가공한 렌즈의 가장자리 두께와 무게를 비교하고 분석하고자 하였다. 방법 : 고굴절률(High index, 1.60) 소재의 구면 및 비구면렌즈를 굴절력(-2.00, -4.00, -6.00 D)별로 240개 를 선정하였으며, 굴절력별 편심 크기를 0, 3, 6, 9 mm로 설정하고 동일한 직경의 원형으로 평산각 가공하여 가장 자리 두께와 무게를 비교 분석하였다. 결과 : 편심별 평균 가장자리 두께는 구면렌즈일 때 –2.00 D에서는 편심이 1 mm 증가할 때 가장자리 두께가 0.02 mm 증가하는 것으로 나타났고, –4.00 D는 0.04 mm, –6.00 D는 0.05 mm 증가하는 것으로 나타났으며, 비구면렌즈일 때 –2.00 D에서는 0.02 mm, –4.00 D는 0.03 mm, –6.00 D는 0.04 mm 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 편심별 평균 무게는 구면렌즈일 때 –2.00 D에서는 편심이 1 mm 증가할 때 무게가 0.05 g 증가하는 것으로 나타 났고, –4.00 D는 0.09 g, –6.00 D는 0.11 g 증가하는 것으로 나타났으며, 비구면렌즈일 때 –2.00 D는 0.04 g, –4.00 D는 0.08 g, –6.00 D는 0.11 g 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 대상 렌즈의 굴절력별, 편심별 모두에서 굴절력 이 높아질수록 편심 크기가 커질수록 가장자리 두께와 무게가 점점 더 크게 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 결론 : 동일 굴절력의 근시 교정용 (-)렌즈를 동일 직경으로 가공하였을 때 편심의 크기가 증가하면 가장자리 두께와 무게도 증가하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

The 2020 revision of Japan's Wholesale Market Act aimed to improve the financial performance of wholesale companies. Before the revision, the wholesale market saw a continuous decline in transaction volume and value, and the operating profit margin of wholesale companies was 0.18% in 2018, with 38.2% of wholesale companies experiencing operating losses. After the revision of the Wholesale Market Act, the operating profit margin of wholesale companies significantly improved to 0.41% by 2022. The reasons for this improvement are as follows: The transaction amount and the rate of change between 2022 and 2018 showed little difference. The number of markets increased by one central wholesale market, and while the number of buying and selling participants decreased, individual purchase volumes increased. The proportion of auctions further declined, and the number of direct transactions rose. As consignment collection decreased, purchased collection increased, leading to an improvement in financial performance. Ultimately, despite the short time frame, the revision of Japan's Wholesale Market Act led to positive changes that improved the financial performance of wholesale companies.

This study conducted to investigate potential differences in the activity of genes involved in volatile fatty acid (VFA) absorption, pH regulation, and energy metabolism in epithelial cells of forestomach administered either endophyte-infected (E+; 4.45 mg ergovaline/kg) or endophyte-free (E−) tall fescue seed. Twelve steers [body weight (BW) = 547 ± 9 kg] were fed alfalfa cubes at 1.5 × NEm and dosed 1 kg of ground tall fescue seed daily via rumen cannula for 21 days. On day 22, steers were slaughtered, and tissue samples were collected from the rumen, reticulum, omasum, and abomasum. Gene expression analysis revealed that monocarboxylate transporters (MCT), isoform 1 and MCT4 expression levels were significantly lower (p<0.05) in the rumen epithelium of steers dosed with E+ seed, while MCT2 expression remained unchanged. Similarly, sodium hydrogen exchanger (NHE), isoform 2 expression was significantly reduced (p<0.05) in the E+ seed, whereas NHE1 and NHE3 were unaffected by the seed treatment. Additionally, expression levels of down regulated in adenoma (DRA) and anion exchanger (AE), isoform 2 were lower (p<0.05) in the rumen epithelium of E+ steers, while putative anion transporter 1, sodium bicarbonate cotransporter, isoform 1, 3-hydroxy 3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A synthase, isoform 2, and sodium potassium ATPase pump, isoform 1 expression levels were not influenced by the seed treatment. Notably, gene expression in the reticulum, omasum, and abomasum epithelia was unaffected (p>0.05) by seed exposure. These findings suggest that endophyte-infected tall fescue seed may impair ruminal VFA absorption in its dissociated state (pH > 5.8) by downregulating MCT1 and MCT4, along with suppressing NHE2, DRA, and AE2. Therefore, this mechanism may partially explain the reduced weight gain associated with fescue toxicosis in cattle.

This study developed an integrated performance evaluation framework for rural development Official Development Assistance (ODA) projects in Korea and validated its effectiveness through practical application. Based on the FAO’s SAFA (Sustainability Assessment of Food and Agriculture Systems) Tool, the framework enables a balanced assessment across economic, social, environmental, and governance dimensions. The methodology incorporates the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) to measure the importance and performance of objectives and indicators. The developed framework serves as a tool for Project Design Matrix (PDM) development, monitoring, and evaluation throughout the project’s planning, implementation, and completion phases. During planning, it systematically incorporates stakeholder input in setting objectives and indicators. During implementation, it facilitates real-time monitoring for immediate decision-making and resource reallocation. At completion, it supports comprehensive performance evaluation. Application of the framework to the “Rural Development Programme in Tuyen Quang Province, Vietnam” demonstrated its effectiveness in systematizing excessive indicators and clarifying the hierarchical and logical connections between objectives. This performance evaluation framework can enhance project transparency and accountability by overcoming the limitations of current PDM approaches and providing systematic methods for incorporating stakeholder feedback. It is particularly applicable to multi-sectoral rural development programs and is expected to contribute to integrated development in target areas. However, validation through a single case study presents limitations, necessitating future application across diverse regions and project types to verify generalizability.

Background: The cumulus cells (CC) play an essential role in protecting oocytes and providing molecular signals for meiotic and cytoplasmic maturation. Gonadotropins stimulate CC proliferation, promote the release of factors that resume oocyte maturation, and activate small G proteins. Among these, Ras, a GTP-binding protein, participates in signaling pathways that regulate cell growth, division, and proliferation. This study aimed to investigate the changes in the Ras subfamily and gonadotropin receptor expression during porcine CC maturation. Methods: Cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were incubated in a medium supplemented with follicular stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and epidermal growth factor (EGF) for 44 hours. CCs were collected from the COCs at 0, 22, and 44 hours, and mRNA expression levels of gonadotropin and growth factor receptors (FSHR, LHR, EGFR), Ras subfamily members (H-Ras, K-Ras, N-Ras, R-Ras), and Ras GTPases (RASA1, SOS1) were analyzed using quantitative RT-PCR. Results: The results revealed that LHR and R-Ras mRNA expression significantly increased only at 44 hours compared to the 0-hour group (p < 0.05). Conversely, RASA1 mRNA levels decreased significantly at the same time points. No significant changes were observed in H-Ras, K-Ras, N-Ras , or SOS1 expression. Conclusions: In conclusion, the observed increase in LHR and R-Ras and the decrease in RASA1 provide new insights into the molecular dynamics of Ras subfamily members during porcine CC maturation, contributing to a better understanding of the regulatory mechanisms underlying oocyte development.

A 13-year-old female lion underwent a simple mastectomy for a rapidly growing abdominal mass, confirmed as mammary adenocarcinoma after histopathological examination. Mammary tumors are common in domestic cats but less frequently reported in African lions. This report presents the first documented case of mammary adenocarcinoma in an African lion in South Korea. The mass was successfully excised through stable anesthesia and surgery. This report adds to the limited literature on mammary tumors in large felids and discusses the need for tailored management strategies.

This research, grounded in the extended technology acceptance model, aimed to explore the relationships among factors influencing Korean EFL learners’ acceptance of ChatGPT for English learning in a voluntary usage context. To this end, a questionnaire was distributed to college students who had used ChatGPT for language learning, utilizing a convenience sampling method. A total of 400 responses were analyzed to test hypotheses using structural equation modeling (SEM). Findings revealed that learners’ perceived usefulness significantly predicted their intention to continue using ChatGPT, while perceived ease of use did not. Moreover, learners’ result demonstrability was found to be a predictor of perceived usefulness, whereas subjective norm was not. Both playfulness and output quality significantly influenced learners’ perceived ease of use. This study identified key factors that could enhance EFL learners’ acceptance of ChatGPT by improving perceptions of usefulness and ease of use, offering valuable insights for integrating ChatGPT into English education.

본 연구는 한복과 한푸의 역사적 의미, 저고리의 여밈 방향, 주름 치마, 허리띠, 모자와 관련된 전통을 조사하여 차이점을 분석하였다. 고대 의복에 대한 문헌 검토를 수행하고 발굴 데이터를 통합하며 역사적 의복, 관련 기록, 선 행 연구 논문 및 의복 역사에 대한 서적에 대한 데이터를 수집하고, 박물관 유물에 대한 조사를 수행하였다. 첫째, 한복은 삼국시대까지 좌임을 유지했으며, 이는 말을 타는 사람들에게 유리한 특징이었다. 또한 이 시기 발견되는 청동 단추는 한복의 특징이다. 둘째, 삼국 시대에 남성들 사이에서 흰 띠를 착용하는 단군의 속신제(俗信制) 전통은 그 후 세대에 걸쳐 지속되었다. 역사적 기록에 따르면 고구려 사절과 일본의 아스카, 나라 시대의 사람들도 흰색 벨트를 착용했다. 셋째, 한복의 주름치마는 넓고 볼륨감 있는 실루엣을 특징으로 한다. 반면, 한나라와 송나라 시대의 귀족 가문이 입었던 의복은 날씬하고 볼륨감이 부족했다. 넷째, 한복은 피발좌임(被髮左衽)과 다양한 모자가 특징인 데 단군의 편발개수(編髮蓋首)의 전통 때문으로 보인다. 한복은 고대 단군으로부터 계승ㆍ발전된 한국 문화의 정수 (精髓)이다.

목적 : 본 연구는 세륨(IV)-지르코늄(IV) 산화물 나노입자를 사용하여 콘택트렌즈를 제조한 후, 안의료용 기능성 렌즈로의 사용 가능을 확인 위해 제조된 렌즈의 물성을 비교 분석하였다. 방법 : 2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate에 나노 세륨-지르코늄 산화물(cerium(IV)-zirconium(IV) oxide)을 첨가하여 공중합 한 후 물성을 측정하고, 친수성 단량체인 methacrylic acid(MA)를 추가로 첨가하여 물성을 측정, 비교하였다. 결과 : 다양한 비율의 세륨(IV)-지르코늄(IV) 산화물 나노입자와 MA를 첨가한 렌즈의 물성을 평가한 결과, UV-B 투과율은 40.95~66.26%, 굴절률 1.4163~1.4357, 함수율 37.44~47.18%, 접촉각 36.87~56.36°, 인장 강도 0.0612~0.561 kgf/mm², 표면거칠기 7.70~8.72 nm로 각각 측정되었다. 나노입자 및 MA 첨가는 습윤성, 인장강도 및 중합안정성을 향상시키고, UV-B 투과율과 표면거칠기를 감소시켰으며, 황색포도상구균에 대한 항균 성이 확인되었다. 결론 : 세륨(IV)-지르코늄(IV) 산화물 나노입자에 MA를 첨가하여 제조한 렌즈가 중합 안정성, 내구성, 습윤성 을 향상시키는 것을 확인하였으며, 따라서 안의료용 기능성 콘택트렌즈 소재로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.