Teaching is often regarded as a profession with a high probability of job burnout. Research has shown a close relationship between teachers’ motivation and their burnout, but it has not been closely explored among EFL (English as a foreign language) teachers in Chinese contexts. Considering the large number of college English teachers in Chinese universities and recent changes in their role, the study explores the relationship between their motivation and burnout, as well as the factors that affect teacher burnout among Chinese college English teachers. For this purpose, a total of 261 college English teachers from ten Chinese universities participated in the survey. Among them, 68 teachers submitted their narratives on teacher burnout using the narrative frame. The results showed that high mastery and relational goals and a low level of work avoidance goals contributed to higher motivation and less teacher burnout. The demand for research, lack of autonomy, and guanxi-based practices influenced Chinese teachers’ burnout. The results show that teacher burnout is highly context-dependent and affected by the organizational structure and cultural practices. An organizational support needs to be provided for teachers to maintain their mastery goal orientations and increase their autonomy as professional teachers.

This study explores the development of English textbooks in North Korea through corpus-based analysis aimed at illuminating the differences between materials produced during the Kim Jong-il and Kim Jong-un regimes. In the context of educational reforms and changing political ideology, this study investigates BNC/COCA-based lexical coverage and the key lexical features of North Korean middle school English textbooks, highlighting the complexity, vocabulary, and readability of the learning materials. The findings revealed that the Kim Jong-un regime had implemented reforms to improve English language education, with increased lexical diversity, textual complexity, and vocabulary exposure. Although no significant differences were found between the two regimes regarding the lexical coverage of textbooks, the Kim Jong-un regime’s textbooks exhibited improvements in diversity, readability, and complexity. This study contributes to a broader understanding of the interplay between political ideology and English language education in North Korea, offering insights that have implications beyond the North Korean context and encouraging reflection on the nation-driven educational reform.

선거는 여론을 파악하여 다수결을 통해 대다수의 국민을 위한 대표자 를 선출하는 효과적인 대의민주주의적 수단이지만, 때로는 한 명의 우세 한 당선자를 가리기 어려울 때도 있다. 만약 당선자가 2위 후보와 적은 표차수로 경합을 벌인다면 진정한 다수의 여론을 파악하는 것은 쉽지 않 다. 이는 비단 선거의 경쟁 수준을 의미하는 것을 넘어서 선거 후 선출 직 공직자들의 행태에 영향을 미칠 수 있다. Frant의 정치적 인센티브 이론을 바탕으로, 본 논문은 지방자치단체의 예산에 영향을 줄 수 있는 국회의원 및 지방선거 경쟁 수준이 개발 분야의 예산 지출에 어떠한 영 향을 미치는지를 검토하고자 한다. 분석 결과, 국회의원 선거에서의 경쟁 이 치열할 때, 지방정부의 개발 정책 예산은 감소하는 반면, 지방선거의 경합도는 개발 예산에 통계적으로 유의미한 변화를 주지 못하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 양상은 정치인들의 권력 유인 형태에 대한 선행연구와 일치한다. 이 연구는 선거가 대의민주주의의 대표적인 기능을 하는 그것 뿐 아니라, 지방정부의 개발 정책에 실질적인 영향을 줄 수 있다는 것을 시사한다.

Traditional culture contributes to the diversification of modern fashion design and the inheritance of local cultural identity. This study aims to identify the characteristics of traditional handicrafts reflected in modern fashion design in India. For this purpose, it focused on Sabyasachi Mukherjee, Manish Malhotra, and Ritu Kumar, who are currently leading the Indian fashion design field. The methodology involved conducting literature research and analyzing case studies. In the literature, the techniques of Indian traditional crafts such as embroidery, dyeing, and weaving were examined and five design elements of traditional crafts were defined. Through content analysis of 30 images from the three designers’ Instagram accounts, the design characteristics of traditional handicrafts expressed in contemporary Indian fashion design were derived: cultural inheritance using traditional Indian clothing items, traditional materials and practices applied to contemporary clothing, craftsmanship that artistically improves complex details using embroidery techniques, various combinations based on the traditional meaning of colors, and narrative expression using patterns containing India’s cultural identity. Incorporating these traditional handicrafts into fashion design, closely linked to everyday life, aids in conveying and enhancing their significance. The cases demonstrate the successful integration of conservation into contemporary fashion design. This study sheds light on the application of traditional culture in modern fashion design.