Cassia obtusifolia L. is commonly used as medicinal foods to treat gastrointestinal disease in many countries. This study evaluated the anti-constipation effects of ethanolic extract of Cassia obtusifolia L. in rats with loperamide-induced constipation. Diffferent concentrations of ethanolic extract of Cassia obtusifolia L. (0, 10, 250, and 500 mg/kg) was administered to rat orally once daily for 3 weeks following loperamide treatment. Six-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats (N=25) were randomly divided into five groups: normal control and experimental groups and injected loperamide intraperitoneally to induce constipation in the latter four experimental groups. Following the induction of loperamide-induced constipation, a marked decrease was observed in the fecal weight and water content discharged for over 1 week and intestinal transit time while an increase was observed in the number of fecal pellets remaining in the colonic lumen as compared with the normal control group. These conditions were significantly alleviated following the administration of the two doses (250 and 500 mg/kg) of ethanolic extract of Cassia obtusifolia L. when compared to the loperamide-treated (constipation control) group. More specifically, the number of fecal pellets in the colon was 3, 5, 4, 2.8, and 1.2 in the five groups, respectively and the corresponding GIT ratio was 70.77, 56.59, 58.67, 66.81, and 72.10%, respectively. The fecal water content, transit distance, and GIT ratio in the high-dose treatment group were significantly higher than that in the medium-dose treatment group, but a significant decrease in the number of fecal pellets in the colon. In conclusion, the Cassia obtusifolia L. extract is suggested to have beneficial effects as a therapeutic and preventive strategy to alleviate constipation and to relieve the symptoms of constipation such as pain, flatulence, distention, bloating, and unpleasant taste.

This study was conducted to improve growth performance of Hanwoo heifer and to produce high quality of meat with dietary means during growing and early fattening period. Particularly, additional energy diet to relieve estrus stress was main purpose in this study. The results of in vitro rumen fermentation indicated that there was no negative effect by additional energy diet as treatments. In the feeding trial, twenty Hanwoo heifers(average 10 months age) were allocated and distributed into two treatments in randomized block design based on body weight. There were three growth stages such as growing, early fattening and late fattening periods in this feeding program, respectively. In growing stage, there were two treatments consisting of only total mixed ration(TMR) as a control and TMR with additional energy treatment. The experimental diets were fed twice a day, and water and mineral were freely accessed. In additional energy treatment, 500 g of concentrate diet was fed daily to relieve estrus stress due to obese with high energy intake. Not outstandingly differences were found across the treatments during entiretrial period. While, unexpectedly greater feed conversion ratio in treatment compared to the control was found during late fattening period. It seems that the blood cortisol decreased with addition energy supplementation compared with the control during trail period. Carcass characteristics including carcass weight, back fat thickness, marbling score, meat color, fat color, maturity and texture were not significantly different each other. Rib-eye area, however, was greater in the control compared to the treatment(p<0.05). In addition, it appears that yield index was tended to be greater in the control. In conclusion, it is suggested that additional energy supplementation to Hanwoo heifer could get a potential in improving meat quality and relieving estrus stress.

기후변화, 외래병해충발생, 밀원수 감소 등 여러 요인으로 인해 우리 나라의 양봉농가는 벌꿀생산량 및 농가소득이 감소하는 추세이다. 또한 밀원이 없는 시기에 가축용 사료가 아닌 고가의 식용설탕을 꿀벌의 인공사료로 급여하고 있어 농가는 ‘생산비 상승’과 ‘밀원수 부족’을 국내양봉업이 직면한 가장 큰 문제점으로 지적하고 있다. 이에 따른 양봉농가의 생산비를 절감하고 꿀벌의 생리·생태의 개선효과를 가지는 저가형 당액사료개발을 위해 농산부산물에서 추출한 천연당을 봉군에 적용시험을 추진하였다. 양파(OS-1, OS-2), 양배추(CS-1, CS-2), 바나나(Banana)부산물에서 추출한 천연당의 봉군당 평균먹이소모량(mL)은 설탕당액(대조구) 처리구와 비교시 바나나추출당액 급여구에서 5500.00±0.00, 5133.33±404.15로 유사하였다. 그러나 꿀벌의 봉세발달은 대조구에 비해 21006.7±2137, 17403.3±2257마리로 조사되어 낮은 경향을 나타내었고 수명조사 결과는 큰 차이가 없었다. 농산부산물을 이용한 천연당은 우선 꿀벌의 기호도 향상을 우선으로 개선시켜야 할 것으로 보인다.

농촌진흥청 개발 품종인 토종벌 신품종(질병저항성 우수계통)에 대해 전남지역에서의 형질특성(봉세발달, 마리당 수밀력, 청소력 등)을 조사하였다. 질병저항성 계통(RS)으로 육성된 토종벌의 유밀기 마리당 수밀력은 들어오는 일벌의 무게가 80.89±8.95mg, 나가는 일벌의 무게가 63.56±8.90mg으로 조사되었고, 비저항성계통(NRS)은 각각 83.22±1.39, 66.67±1.20mg으로 조사되어 RS에서 그 무게차가 0.7mg 더 높았으나 통계적 유의차는 없었다. Pin killed test에 의한 사충제거능력(청소력)은 제거하지 못한 유충잔존율이 RS에서 12시간과 24시간 경과시 14.00±10.39와 7.00±3.46으로, NRS에서는 20.33±14.29, 13.33±10.41%로 조사되었으며, 특히 RS와 NRS의 사충 비제거율이 24시간 경과하였을 때 4.67±2.08, 8.33±7.77%로 RS가 우수한 특성을 보였다. 신규여왕벌 입식 후 봉군세력발달은 NRS에 비하여 RS의 일벌수, 번데기 및 유충수의 발달율이 안정적이고 다소 빠르게 증가하였다.

고무나무 묘목은 우리나라로 수입되는 재식용 묘목류 중에서 수입건수가 상위에 속하는 식물로 지난 10년 동안 수입식물검역 실적은 총 2,993건 이었다. 수입동향 분석 결과 2008년도 수입(434 건)이 가장 많았으며, 수입 실적이 가장 많은 국가는 중국(2,723 건)이었다. 검역과정에서 검출된 병해충 검출건수는 2012년 이후 점차 증가하여 2017년 가장 많은 검출건(165건)을 기록하였다. Succinea sp., Pseudococcus longispinus 등 달팽이류와 깍지벌레류가 자주 검출되었다. 본 발표에서는 농림축산검역본부에서 운영하는 병해충정보시스템(PIS)을 활용하여 병해충 유입위험이 높은 고무나무 묘목의 최근 10년간 수입동향과 수입검역과정에서 검출된 병해충의 동향을 분석하였다.

말라리아는 말라리아원충에 감염된 Anopheles속 모기에 의해 매개되는 질병이다. 한국의 Anopheles속 Hyrcanus group 모기 가운데 특히 Anopheles kleini, Anopheles lesteri, Anopheles pullus는 말라리아 주요 매개충으로 알려져 있다. 한국의 말라리아는 휴전선 인접지역을 중심으로 환자 발생이 지속되고 있으며 이와 더불어 한국의 기후는 점차 아열대 기후로 변화하고 있다. 이러한 기후변화가 한국의 말라리아 전파력에 미치는 영향을 예측하기 위하여 말라리아 위험지역 가운데 경기 서북부 지역인 파주, 김포, 강화 세 지역의 소 축사에서 2014년과 2015년 6월부터 9월까지 채집된 모기의 월별 종 분포를 분석하였으며, 이러한 종 분포와 기후조건과의 관계를 통계분석 하였다. 기후조건으로는 채집일 기준 14일 전까지의 평균기온, 풍속, 강수량, 습도를 이용하였으며 Hyrcanus group 모기 6종(Anopheles belenrae, An. kleini, An. lesteri, An. pullus, Anopheles sinensis, Anopheles sineroides)의 분포를 로지스틱 회귀분석을 통하여 분석하였고, 상관관계를 확인하기 위하여 정준상관분석(Canonical correlation analysis)을 실시하였다. 분석결과, 강수량과의 연관성은 찾지 못하였으나, An. kleini, An. lesteri, An. pullus는 기온이 상승했을 때 Hyrcanus group 내에서의 분포가 증가할 가능성이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 An. sinensis는 풍속과 습도가 높을 경우 증가할 것으로 나타났으며 이를 제외한 나머지 종들은 풍속과 습도가 낮을 경우 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 분석 결과를 바탕으로 현재 한반도의 기온이 점점 상승하는 환경은 말라리아 주요 매개충이 서식하기 좋은 환경으로, 기존의 북한과 인접한 DMZ 부근에서 발생하던 말라리아가 한반도 내 다른 지역으로 분포 지역이 확대될 가능성이 있음을 시사한다.

꽃노랑총채벌레는 저항성 해충군이 가지고 있는 크기가 작고 산란수가 많으며 세대기간이 매우 짧은 특성을 가지고 있다. 또한, 이동능력이 우수하고, 다양한 령기가 혼재하고 있으며, 꽃과 잎 등 식물체뿐만 아니라 토양에서 생활환을 완성하는 복잡한 생태를 가지고 있다. 이러한 총채벌레의 특성으로 인하여 시설 내 방제는 어려운 실정이며, 동일계통의 작용기작을 갖는 약제들의 단조로운 패턴의 약제사용으로 인하여 그 방제효과는 떨어지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 꽃노랑총채벌레의 효과적인 방제를 위한 약제 혼용살포, 연속살포, 로테이션 처리별 효과 검증을 통하여 방제체계를 제안하였다. 우선 실내에서 약제별 약충과 성충에 대한 처리방법별 효과 검토를 통하여 꽃노랑총채벌레 밀도가 높지 않은 초기에 사용이 가능한 약제와 총채벌레 밀도가 높은 시기에 처리할 수 있는 약제를 선발하였고, 이를 기반으로 포장에서 혼용살포, 연속살포, 로테이션 조합별 효과 검토를 하였다. 또한 본 시험결과들을 기초로 ㈜경농에서는 3가지 이상의 다른 작용기작의 약제를 밀도가 높을 경우 3~5일 간격으로 3회 이상 연속살포하는 3!3!3! 총채벌레 관리프로그램을 운영중이며 지속적으로 관리프로그램을 개선해 나가는 중이다.

딱정벌레목 바구미과에 속하는 나무좀은 일찍부터 산림의 주요 해충으로 다루어져 왔다. 최근 사과원에서 M.9 대목을 이용한 사과 밀식재배가 확산되고, 기후변화에 따른 이상 기상으로 사과나무 동해에 의한 2차 나무좀 피해가 늘어나고 있어 이들에 대한 관리대책이 필요한 실정이다. 본 연구는 사과원에 발생하는 나무좀류의 발생 양상을 파악하고 효과적인 약제 선발을 통해 효율적인 방제 체계 개발을 위한 기초 자료로 활용하고자 수행하였다. 사과원에 발생하는 나무좀은 암브로시아나무좀, 오리나무좀, 붉은목나무좀, 사과둥근나무좀 등 4종으로 암브로시아나무좀이 우점종으로 조사되었다. 암브로시아나무좀의 발생은 4월부터 시작하여 연 2회 발생하였다. 주간부에서 나무좀의 피해는 대부분 21~100cm 높이에서 발생하였으며, 야외 방제 시험에서 Phentoate EC, Chlorpyrifos WP, Thiacloprid SC 등이 높은 방제가를 나타내었다.

개미 사육 및 관찰을 위한 사용되는 투명 젤리형 개미사육장은 간편한 활용성으로 아동의 자연관찰 학습용 교구로 꾸준히 애용되고 있다. 하지만 투명 젤리는 다량의 수분 함유 문제뿐만 아니라 부패방지를 위해 단백질을 포함하고 있지 않기에 사육 시 단백질을 필요로 하는 산란용 여왕개미나 애벌레의 사육이 불가능하다는 단점이 있다. 이에 본 연구는 산란용 여왕개미와 애벌레의 사육이 가능한 단백질 함유 곤충 젤리를 만드는 방법을 제안하고자 한다. 단백질 공급원으로는 우유를, 부패 방지제로는 천연물 기반 키토산을 사용하였으며, 기능이 첨가된 사육용 젤리의 항균성은 곤충 대량폐사 질병인 물렁병의 원인균주(Serratia marcescens)로 테스트(in vitro)하였다. 실험군인 곤충사육용 젤리는 박토아가(1.5%,w/v)가 함유된 키토산수용액(1%,w/v)에 1:1 용량비율로 우유를 섞어 제조하며, 대조군은 키토산수용액을 제외하였다. 제조 배지는 Serratia marcescens를 도말 배양하여 효과성을 검증하였다. 그 결과 3배 희석한 균주(4.8×106CFU/ml)를 접종 후 2일간 배양한 그룹에서 대조군(키토산 없음)은 균이 많이(TNTC) 자랐으나, 실험군(키토산 있음)은 전혀 자라지 않았다. 따라서 위 실험은 키토산을 첨가하는 간단한 방법으로도 유해균의 생장 억제와 유충의 성장 촉진이 동시에 가능한 기능성 단백질 곤충젤리의 제조 가능성을 확인하였다.

OLED Display fabrication system is one of the most complicated discrete processing systems in the world. As the glass size grows from 550×650mm to 1,500×1,850mm in recent years, the efficiency of Automated Material Handling System (AMHS) has become very important and OLED glass manufacturers are trying to improve the overall efficiency of AMHS. Aiming to meet the demand for high efficiency of transportation, various kind of approaches have been applied for improving dispatching rules and facility layout, while simultaneously considering the system parameters such as glass cassettes due date, waiting time, and stocker buffer status. However, these works did not suggest the operational policy and conditions of distribution systems, especially for handling unnecessary material flows such as detour. Based on this motivation, in this paper, we proposed an efficient algorithm for improving detour transportation in OLED FAB. Specifically, we considered an OLED FAB simplifying OLED production environment in a Korean company, where four stockers are constructed for the delivery of Lot in a bay and linked to processing equipments. We developed a simulation model using Automod and performed a numerical experiment using real operational data to test the performance of three operation policies under considerations. We showed that a competitive policy for assigning alternative stocker in case of detour was superior to the current dedicated policy using a specified stocker and other considered policies.

This study examined how the consumers’ perception of GM food affects their purchasing behavior. In addition, this study investigated how the amount of knowledge a consumer has regarding GM food affects their perception of this type of food. The quantitative research method was used to collect data. The data from a self-administered survey, which was conducted in South Korea, was analyzed using descriptive analysis, ANOVA, factor analysis, and multiple regression analysis methods. The results of the survey indicate that most respondents may have unknowingly purchased GM food. Further, the respondents reported that they likely had known about or had heard of GM food. In addition, the survey indicated that the amount of knowledge possessed by the respondents regarding GM food greatly affected their perceptions of this type of food. These findings will contribute to the current GM food market by providing the food market with additional information relating to the consumers’ perceptions of GM food.

Recommender systems based on Collaborative Filtering (CF) algorithms have established an extensive means for retailers to suggest personalized item lists that will maximize each consumer’s utility. Nevertheless, in the mobile game industry, which characterized by the intense competition from the avalanche of other game options and fast-changing demands of game users, there has been no marked success with recommender systems. Instead, app stores merely show summaries of general market trends without any individual-level information, fail to suggest personalized lists based on preferences of the future. For modeling dynamics of game usage, we assume that an individual’s preferences on games can be represented as the proportion of each game’s running time, which can be calculated in daily basis by the individual’s usage time for each game apps divided by the individual’s total capacity. Then, we construct a tensor filled with the induced preferences. For the next step, we apply Bayesian probabilistic tensor factorization (BPTF), an extension of Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) to consider dynamic pattern, to restore all the empty entries of the tensor. Each restored component becomes an estimate of each user’s preference on each game at certain period. For empirical analysis, we use mobile log data in app-level for total 1,000 panels over 2 years. Top 100 mobile games in cumulative usage time are treated as focal apps in this study, making the dimension of the tensor by 1000 (users) * 100 (focal games) * 730 (2 years). We compare the model performance by the root-mean-squared error (RMSE) with that of baseline model, the static counterpart in collaborative filtering algorithm (Salakhutdinov, and Mnih, 2008). The results showed that our model (BPTF) defeats the baseline throughout overall user-game pairs, especially outperforming under the conditions that there are severe fluctuations in daily usage pattern and when the life span of newly adopted apps are relatively short. Furthermore, we compose personalized suggestions, which consists of the top-10 highly likable lists according to the predicted usage patterns for each individual, and compare the performance with that of the established general recommender system in app stores. For that matter, our suggestion also outweighed the existing recommender system by the typical performance metrics that commonly used in the mobile game industry.

Online social interactions are known to be useful to improve business performances. As l ocal business retailers have limited resources in marketing, they can benefit by using onli ne social interactions for their business performances. In the same line of purpose, the ret ailers also exploit an online platform, such as discount coupon sites: they sell online coup ons for their offline products and services in the platform. Notably, the online platform ca n play an important role in generating online social interactions as well as final sales arou nd the retailing brands. It also provides a distinctive setting for consumers in that they pur chase products and services online only to consume their use offline. Given that consume rs are motivated by different purposes, their online social interactions may differ in the di sparity of purchasing online and consuming offline. Previous studies have witnessed the r elationship between social interactions and sales, but the relationship between environme ntal influences and social interactions remains unexplored. In this paper, we focus on the influences of online and offline environments where consumers are situated with the online platform on generating online social interactions as well as final sales. To this end, we look into two types of social interactions, i.e., product discussion and social referral, and two distinctive environmental influences, i.e., the influences from the same product page and from the local retail revenue where the focal business is located. Using data on online social interactions and offline retail revenues around a major coupon site in South Korea, our empirical analysis demonstrates interesting findings. The two types of social interactions and final sales respond in different way to the environmental influences. To be specific, in the online purchase context, the absolute influence lowers the generation of product discussion and sales while promoting social referrals. In the offline consumption context, however, the proportionate influence plays a role in driving these three outcomes. Our findings suggest that local business retailers should deploy their online platform strategies by concerning online and offline environments, in accordance with the specific marketing objectives regarding social interactions and sales.

In this study, we analyzed the whole design of the necklace in detail, which reflects the artistic sense of handicraft in couture. The purpose of the study was to identify the characteristics of the design based on the analysis findings and to provide basic data to help fashion designers. The research method entailed analyzing trends in necklace design - viewed in fashion magazines and on websites - by year, season, brand, kind, material, color, and image. The identified necklace design characteristics were as follows. First, artistry and originality are dramatically expressed through the use of a broad range of materials. Second, due to the necklace’s role as an object of perfect beauty, in a number of images, the necklaces were presented in convergence and contrast with overall costumes. Third, the dramatic effects of layering revealed a strong presence and individualized styling. Necklaces are created with diverse sculptures by realizing the creative imagination of fashion designers. Even though they looked a little different every year, there were designs in the collections constantly. Round shape and princess length were preferred. In particular, the mix type was used to express dramatic effect by focusing neck part in entire styling which different length of necklaces were layered and worn. As a result, it meets the needs of consumers who emphasize brand differentiation and diversity, and it is believed that the role of necessities in fashion will continue and it creates economic demand in the fashion industry.