Soybean straw (SS)-based activated carbon was employed as a precursor to prepare carbon molecular sieves (CMSs) via chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique using methane as carbon source. Prior to the CVD process, SS was activated by 0.5 wt% ZnCl2, followed by a carbonization at 500°C for 1 h in N2 atmosphere. N2 (77 K) adsorption-desorption and CO2 (273 K) adsorption tests were carried out to analyze the pore structure of the prepared CMSs. The results show that increasing the deposition temperature, time or methane flow rate leads the decrease in N2 adsorption capacity, micropore volume and average pore diameter of CMSs. The adsorption selectivity coefficient of CO2/CH4 achieves as high as 20.8 over CMSs obtained under the methane flow rate of 30 mL min–1 at 800°C for 70 min. The study demonstrates the prepared CMSs are a candidate adsorbent for CO2/CH4 separation.

Large-size graphene samples are successfully prepared by combining ultrosonic assisted liquid phase exfoliation process with oxidation-deoxidation method. Different from previous works, we used an ultrasound-treated expanded graphite as the raw material and prepared the graphene via a facile oxidation-reduction reaction. Results of X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy confirm the crystal structure of the as-prepared graphene. Scanning electron microscopy images show that this kind of graphene has a large size (with a diameter over 100 μm), larger than the graphene from graphite powder and flake graphite prepared through single oxidation-deoxidation method. Transmission electron microscopy results also reveal the thin layers of the prepared graphene (number of layers ≤3). Furthermore, the importance of preprocessing the raw materials is also proven. Therefore, this method is an attractive way for preparing graphene with large size.

Acinic cell carcinoma is a well-differentiated, low-grade tumor that accounts for 1-3% of salivary gland tumors. Among the variant of acinic cell carcinoma, papillary cystic variant of acinic cell carcinoma is much more rare and it is known to be difficult to diagnose and has a poor prognosis. In this paper, we report a case of 58 - year - old man diagnosed as papillary cystic variant of acinic cell carcinoma and the characteristics of the lesion by integrating the recent cases of papillary cystic variant of acinic cell carcinoma. This study emphasizes the need for long-term studies and further investigation of papillary cystic variants of acinic cell carcinoma.

In Volvariella volvacea, a species of edible mushroom, cryogenic autolysis is a typical part of abnormal metabolism. Previous functional annotation cluster analyses of cold-induced gene expression profiles have shown that the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 (UBE2) and the cyclin-like F-box domain (FBDC) form the functional clusters. Among them, a specific FBDC gene has been found to be in response to cold stress and correlated with the cryogenic autolysis of V. volvacea. In this study, analysis of gene expression profiling showed that only one type of UBE2 in V. volvacea (UBEV2) was significantly up-regulated. Further quantitative real-time PCR analysis confirmed that the expression of UBEV2 was significantly up-regulated (P < 0.05) after cold-treatment lasting 4, 6, and 8 h. Western-bolt analyses confirmed that the protein expression of UBEV2 was in response to cold stress. This provided evidence that UBEV2 was a cold stress-responsive gene and closely correlated with cryogenic autolysis. The specific distribution of UBEV2 in recently diverged herb decay fungi indicated that UBEV2 was not evolutionarily correlated with early diverging fungi. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that UBEV2 was generated by horizontal gene transfer (HGT) from the ancestry of Selaginella moellendorffii UBE2. Further relative time estimation and detection of natural selection showed that there has been recent positive selection after HGT in UBEV2. Molecular modeling and logo analysis showed that the cysteine-cysteine motif is the characteristic of the UBEV2 family. These observations indicate that UBEV2 and FBDV1 are the newly discovered cold stress-responsive genes correlated with the cryogenic autolysis of V. volvacea.

This article explores whether China is ready to comply with its international obligations to recognize and enforce investment arbitral awards, and if not, what remains to be done. First, for ICSID awards, China has neither enacted any implementing legislation, nor designated courts or authorities are competent at recognizing and enforcing ICSID awards. Second, it is more ambiguous and complicated to seek recognition and enforcement of non-ICSID awards, due to China’s commercial reservation to New York Convention. It is uncertain whether the current provisions in national law on the recognition and enforcement of foreign commercial arbitral awards would also apply to the recognition and enforcement of non-ICSID awards. Moreover, statutes on State immunity, the common issue while enforcing both ICSID and non-ICSID awards, are quite insufficient. Finally, beyond satisfying its international obligations, investment arbitral awards issued by Chinese arbitration institutions also face obstacles of recognition and enforcement.

The judicial protection of IP is the most important and fundamental guarantee for the protection of IP in China. The judicial protection system of IP in China has experienced the development procedure of setting up a special pilot tribunal, "three-hearing-in-one" and a special court. The establishment and operation of IP courts in Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou marks the establishment of the new hearing system for IP dispute in China. The founding and operation of IP courts have an in-depth background. With the rapid development of the economy in China, especially since the entrance of the WTO, there have been more IP cases and they constitute huge challenges for adjudication of IP disputes in China. In this regard, the IP courts is a good way to cope with. The establishment of IP courts will undoubtedly has deeper influence and significance in the judicial

In order to compare greenhouse gases emission from different animal manures and to explore how different animal manures effect on soil mineralization, three kinds of materials, cattle, goat and chicken manure were amended to soil for 14 days incubation as CtS (cattle manure-amended soil), GS (goat manure-amended soil) and ChS (chicken manure-amended soil). Cumulative NH3 emissions in all treatments were rapidly increased until day 7 and then it was slightly increased in three manure-amended soils but maintained in control until day 14. GS had the highest NH3 emission at 0.14 mg kg-1 during the entire experimental period. Emissions of CO2 were highly increased by 7.8-, 9.0- and 12.4-fold in CtS, GS and ChS, respectively, compared to control at day 14. A significant increase of N2O emission in all treatments occurred within 5 days and then it was slightly increased until day 14. N2O emission was 2-fold higher in all manure-amended soils than that of control. Compared to day 1, inorganic N (NH4 + plus NO3 --N) content was highly increased in all four treatments at day 14. The increase rate was the highest in CtS treatment. Net N mineralization was increased by 4.0-, 2.4- and 2.9-fold in CtS, GS and ChS, respectively, compared to control. These results indicate that increase of NH3, CO2 and N2O gas emissions was positively related to high N mineralization.

This study examines the titles of poetry in order to analogize the original landscape of Byeolseo garden in Korea and China. This study analyzed the titles of Soswaewon 48 Poems and Humble Administrator’s Garden 31 Poems, comparing the form of the compositional form and the landscape elements of titles conveyed in them. The titles of the Soswaewon 48 Poems and the Humble Administrator’s Garden 31 Poems are made up of combinations of places, activities, meanings, and landscape elements. Soswaewon 48 Poems are composed of ｢Landscape Elements + Landscape Elements｣ and ｢Place + Activity｣, while Humble Administrator’s Garden 31 Poems are composed of ｢Place + Meaning｣ and ｢Landscape Elements + Landscape Elements｣. The Soswaewon 48 Poems clearly show the element of activity, whereas the Humble Administrator’s Garden 31 Poems show the element of meaning, which is different. Landscape elements that appear in the titles of both show more physical than symbolic elements. However, symbolic elements appear more in Humble Administrator’s Garden 31 Poems than Soswaewon 48 Poems. This is a characteristic of Chinese culture that valued Yijing, giving meaning to each component of the garden. Among physical elements, natural elements appeared more frequently in the Soswaewon 48 Poems than in the Humble Administrator’s Garden 31 Poems, whereas artificial elements appeared more in the Humble Administrator’s Garden 31 Poems.

The service life of coal gangue concrete(CGC) strongly depends on the capillary water absorption, this water absorption is susceptible to freeze-thaw cycles. In this paper, the cumulative water absorption and sorptivity were obtained to study the effects of 0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 % steel fiber volume fraction added on the water absorption of CGC. Sorptivity and freeze-thaw tests were conducted, and the capillary water absorption was evaluated by the rate of water absorption(sorptivity). Three prediction models for the initial sorptivity of steel fiber reinforced coal gangue concrete(SFRCGC) under freeze-thaw cycles were established to evaluate the capillary water absorption of SFRCGC. Results showed that, without freeze-thaw cycles, the water absorption of CGC decreased when steel fiber at 1.0 % volume fraction was added, however, the water absorption increased with the addition of 0.5 or 1.5% steel fibers. Once the SFRCGC specimens were exposed to freeze-thaw cycles, the water absorption of SFRCGC significantly increased, and 1.0 % steel fiber in volume fraction added to CGC caused the lowest water absorption, except for the case of the sample without steel fibers added. The CGC with steel fiber at 1.0 % volume fraction performed better. The SFRCGC has a strong response to freeze-thaw cycles. Results also showed that the linear function prediction model is practical in the field of engineering because of its simple form and a relatively high precision. Although the polynomial prediction model presents the highest computation precision among the three models, the complicated form and too many coefficients make it impractical for engineering applications.

Due to the existence of uncertainties and the unknown time variant environmental disturbances for ship course nonlinear control system, the ship course adaptive neural network robust course-keeping controller is designed by combining the backstepping technique. The neural networks (NNs) are employed for the compensating of the nonlinear term of the nonlinear ship course-keeping control system. The designed adaptive laws are designed to estimate the weights of NNs and the bounds of unknown environmental disturbances. The first order commander are introduced to solve the problem of repeating differential operations in the traditional backstepping design method, which let the designed controller easier to implement in navigation practice and structure simplicity. Theoretically, it indicates that the proposed controller can track the setting course in arbitrary expected accuracy, while keeping all control signals in the ship course control closed-loop system are uniformly ultimately bounded. Finally, the training ship of Dalian Maritime University is taken for example; simulation results illustrated the effectiveness and the robustness of the proposed controller.

The occurrence of atypical lipomatous tumor of the head and neck is rare, and clinical and histologically differential diagnosis of the tumor is needed for other similar diseases. Herein we report atypical lipomatous tumor arising in neck area. And literature review was done. Complete excision with negative margins followed by long-term follow-up is recommended as the treatment of choice for these uncommon entities.

The aim of this study was to examine the effects and the sensitivity of antifungal therapy for patients with oral candidiasis and to investigate the relationship among the signs & symptoms of patients and the ratio change of Candida species to antifungal therapy. Candida fungus culture test with ChromeIDTM Candida agar (CAN2) was carried out more than twice for 10 patients who visited Oral Medicine department of Chonnam National University Dental Hospital during the period from Dec. 2015 to Aug. 2016. After culturing the smear sample before and after antifungal therapy in ChromeIDTM Candida agar (CAN2), the number of colonies was counted to compare. Patients were divided into 5 group according to the therapeutic effects of the antifungal agents used: 1) high susceptibility to nystatin, 2) low susceptibility to nystatin, 3) high susceptibility to fluzonazole, 4) low susceptibility to fluzonazole, and 5) increased ratio of new Candida species. Although nystatin is used as first-line therapy in oral candidiasis, it is desirable to use fluconazole if patients had a history of the low sensitivity to nystatin or chemotherapy. Even if the patient's symptoms and signs are improved, there is a possibility of oral candidiasis recurring, so that clinicians should be careful during the treatment with antifungal agents.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the distribution of Candida species in patients with oral disease and clarify the distinction of Candida culture test according to its isolation technique. 75 samples was isolated from 42 patients who visited Chonnam National University Dental Hospital due to oral disease from December 2015 to August 2016. For isolating the candida sampling, saliva sampling and oral swabbing were used. Acquired sampling was cultured in CHROMagar Candida Culture Medium, which indicates the candida species as color. Of the 42 patients, C. albicans was the most frequently isolated species in 39 patients. For 17 patients out of 21 who underwent saliva sampling and oral swabbing simultaneously, oral swabbing was quantitatively underestimated comparing to saliva sampling. 12 samples in 21 samples having particular Candida species were not isolated by oral swabbing. Considering the possibility of fungal infection in various oral disease, it is recommended to perform not only oral swabbing but saliva sampling when isolating Candida.

Nitrogen-doped carbon nanosheets with a developed porous structure were prepared from polyurethane foams by hydrothermal carbonization following ZnCl2 chemical activation. Scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, solid state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to characterize the nitrogen-doped carbon nanosheet structure and composition. The removal of Cr(VI) by the N-doped carbon nanosheets was investigated. The results showed that the maximum removal capacity for chromium of 188 mg/g was found at pH=2.0 with PHC-Z-3. pH had an important effect on Cr(VI) removal and the optimal pH was 2.0. Moreover, amino groups and carboxyl groups in the nitrogen-doped carbon nanosheet played important roles in Cr(VI) removal, and promoted the reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III).

A robust adaptive control approach is proposed for underactuated surface ship linear path-tracking control system based on the backstepping control method and Lyapunov stability theory. By employing T-S fuzzy system to approximate nonlinear uncertainties of the control system, the proposed scheme is developed by combining “dynamic surface control” (DSC) and “minimal learning parameter” (MLP) techniques. The substantial problems of “explosion of complexity” and “dimension curse” existed in the traditional backstepping technique are circumvented, and it is convenient to implement in applications. In addition, an auxiliary system is developed to deal with the effect of input saturation constraints. The control algorithm avoids the singularity problem of controller and guarantees the stability of the closed-loop system. The tracking error converges to an arbitrarily small neighborhood. Finally, MATLAB simulation results are given from an application case of Dalian Maritime University training ship to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.