This study was conducted to investigate of changes for organic acids in takju during storage conditions. Two types of takju, unsterilized and sterilized, were used. Acetic acid, citric acid, lactic acid, malic acid and succinic acid were detected in sample. Residues of malic acid was not detected after 7 days storage in room temperature( 25oC). In contrast to lactic acid was increased by times after storage. Acetic acid concentrations was gradually increased in room temperature but was not changed in cold temperature(4oC). After storage for 10 days, the organic acid residues lactic acid > citric acid > succinic acid > malic acid > acetic acid in unsterilized takju. Compared to unsterilized sample, organic acid residues in sterilized sample was not significantly changed. Consequently, organic acids residues mainly affected by sterilization.

국제해사기구(MO)의 해상인명안전조약(SOLAS)은 모든 선박이 필수적으로 공인 종이해도, 혹은 전자해도(ENC)를 탑재해야만 한다고 명시하고 있으며, 특히 안전성이 검증된 전자해도 디스플레이 시스템인 ECDIS의 사용을 장려하고 있다. 국제수로기구 내에서는 이러한 ECDIS에 사용되는 공인 전자해도 자료가 지역전자해도 관리센터(RENC)를 통해 보급되어야만 한다는 주장이 커지고 있다. 전 세계적으로 ECDIS의 사용이 일반화되면서, 유럽에 현

본 연구는 전북 부안에서 재배되고 있는 뽕나무를 대상으로 온실 재배를 통하여 조기 수확 및 안정적 수확량 확보가 가능한지를 알아보고자 신초 생육 특성과 이에 관계하는 기상 요인을 분석하였다. 발아 및 착색 시기는 온실의 뽕나무에서 노지에 비해 18~19일 정도 빨랐고, 발아시에서 착색시까지의 일수는 39일로 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 발아 후 39일 동안 온실에서 뽕나무의 신초 길이, 신초당 착과수는 노지와 차이를 나타내지 않았지만, 마디수는 적었다. 생육 기간 동안 온실 내부의 주별 광량은 노지에 비해 0.3~0.8배 범위 수준이었고, 총 누적량은 절반수준으로 아주 적었다. 그러나 온실에서 주별 누적온도는 노지와 거의 차이를 나타내지 않고 후반기로 가며 다소 상승하는 경향이었으며, 총 누적량도 노지에 1.1배로 거의 유사한 수준이었다. 생육 기간 동안 상대습도는 온실에서 53~94.5%로 노지에 비해 대부분 높은 수준을 유지하였다. 따라서 뽕나무는 광의 영향을 적게 받고 안정적인 수량을 조기에 확보할 수 있어 온실 재배 작목으로 적합하다.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the health risk and management of childhood exposure to indoor aldehydes in elementary-schools and academies. The samples were collected at children's facilities (50 elementary-schools and 46 academies) in summer (Aug ~ Sept, 2008), winter (Dec 2008 ~ Feb, 2009) and Spring (Mar ~ Apr, 2009) periods. The overall mean concentration of formaldehyde was 68.3 ㎍ /m³ and 27.2% of exceeded the 100 ㎍/m³ by the school health guideline. The concentration ratio of Indoor air and outdoor air (I/O) of aldehydes exceeds 1.0. The level of indoor air contamination did appear to be high, and 24.6% of the academies evaluated had exceeded the formaldehyde level specified by the public health act (120㎍ /m³). We estimated the lifetime excess cancer risks (ECRs) of formaldehyde, and the hazard quotients (HQs) of non-carcinogens (acetaldehyde and benzaldehyde). In addition, for carcinogens, the excess cancer risk (ECR) was calculated by considering the process of deciding cancer potency factor (CPF) and age dependent adjust Factor (ADAF) of the data of adults. The average ECRs of formaldehyde for young children were 1×10^-6~1×10^-5 level in all facilities. HQs of formaldehyde did exceed 0.1 for all subjects in elementary school.

This is the study of American Aesthetic Movement and the Louis Comfort Tiffany's Decorative art. At first, I supposed that Louis Comfort Tiffany (1848-1933) was the most successful American Aesthete. He insisted that he pursuit of ‘quest of beauty’ entire his art life at the speech in 1919 retrospective exhibition. The ‘quest of beauty’ is one of creeds of Aestheticism became known through the famous English aesthete Oscar Wilde lectured at the American tour lecture in 1882-1883. Interestingly Wilde also addressed English Arts & Crafts Movement and the ideas of John Ruskin at the lectures. So American public and artists could be accepted both English decorative art movements synthetically. That resulted many of artists turned their focus on decorative art media or decorative art production, as like interior design, stained glass, art pottery, etc. To American artist, interior decoration was another medium for artistic experiment or art-making to realize ideal beauty in everyday life. To beautify everyday life and environment with artistic utilitarian goods was the goal of William Morris(1834-96)' who the leader of Arts & Crafts Movement, so as to Louis Tiffany. Then, Louis Tiffany tried to show his individuality by the eclectic synthesis of the Oriental-Western styles. He synthesized Western & Oriental arts of disparate region or ages uniquely. Finally, his eclectic design method would be applied for creating interiors to artistic unity. Because of Louis Tiffany was a Colorist painter and American Aesthetic Movement artist also, he searched for beauty and wished to express the beautiful ‘color and light’ effect through his art. To accomplish this artistic goal, he used oil and watercolor paints, from opaque to transparent and also translucent at the same time. At last, he developed the ‘Favrile glass’ to describe the colored light, coloring, shades and gradations more than paintings do. Furthermore, he used a variety of decorative media like glass, enamel, jewel and textile for the natural/artistic reproduction of color and light effect in nature. What was the reason for Louis Tiffany's pursuit of naturalism in his product design? The reason was that he sympathized with the John Ruskin's design concept with ‘garden room’ interior design. He tried to depict natural landscape or garden flowers and vegetables on the stained glass windows, glass vases, lamp shades, enamel work, jewelry to construct Aesthetic-practical garden room. That was also the way to be accomplished the authentic goal of Morris' Arts & Crafts Movement.So he incorporated various art companies and then developed art industry complex. He was also an entrepreneur who produced variety of household products industrially. The reason is that he hoped to realize the ideal of William Morris. Who advocated to beautify the interior and daily life for the public. But real consumers of the Morris products were only the wealthiest high class in England and also in America. However, Louis Tiffany's decorative art work differentiated from the Morris'. Because he wanted to answer the demand for consumer democracy. Therefore, he pursued artistic & economic goals simultaneously through his art enterprises as he accepted Aestheticism and Arts & Crafts Movement together. To realize this double goal, he produced kinds of decorative arts and household goods as the colorist artist- aesthete entrepreneur.

이 논문은 정부보조금이 민간연구개발투자를 보완하는지 또는 대체하는지에 대한 선행연구문헌의 다양한 연구결과를 통합하여 최종결과와 연관된 구조적 요인이 무엇인지 메타분석 기법을 활용하여 분석하고자 하였다. 분석을 위해 선행연구결과에 대한 문헌의 다양한 특성을 자료의 분석기간, 자료의 수, 자료구조, 자료수준, 분석대상국가, 모형의 동태적 특성, 분석방법 등으로 변수화 하여 로짓분석을 하였다. 분석결과를 살펴보면 실증연구에 대한 선행연구문헌의 연구결과를 세부결과에 따라 구분한 경우는 자료의 수와 자료의 구조에 관련된 변수가 통계적으로 유의한 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 단일문헌의 결과를 평균적인 결과에 따라 통합하여 분석한 경우는 자료의 수준 및 분석대상국가가 연구결과에 통계적으로 유의한 것으로 나타났다. 정부보조금이 기업의 연구개발투자결정에 미치는 영향에 대한 기존 선행 메타분석과 비교하여 2000년 이후 최근까지의 자료를 추가하고 연구특성으로 다양한 분석방법을 변수화하여 포함하여 메타분석을 실시하였다는 점에서 의의를 지닌다. 또한 국내에서는 최초의 사례로 정부보조금이 민간연구개발투자에 미치는 영향에 대하여 다양한 해외 실증연구사례의 참조가 가능할 것으로 생각된다.

This study was to assess the lifetime cancer and non-cancer risk on exposure to volatile organic compounds This study was assessed the lifetime cancer and non-cancer risk of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) exposure in young children at elementary-schools and academies in Korea. The samples were collected at children's facilities (50 elementary-schools and 42 academies) in summer (Aug ~ Sept, 2008), winter (Dec 2008 ~ Feb, 2009) and Spring (Mar ~ Apr, 2009) periods, and analyzed by GC-MSD. We estimated the lifetime excess cancer risks (ECRs) of benzene and the hazard quotients (HQs) of non-carcinogens toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene and styrene. In addition, for carcinogens, the excess cancer risk (ECR) was calculated by considering the process of deciding cancer potency factor (CPF) and age dependent adjust Factor (ADAF) from the data in adults. The average ECRs of benzene for young children were 1×10^-7~1×10^-9 level in all facilities. HQs of four non-carcinogens did not exceed 1.0 for all subjects in all facilities.

조석정보는 어업, 선박항해, 해상 구조물 설치, 해저지형과 수심 파악에 등에 중요하다. 연안의 경우 조 석관측이 용이하여 비교적 많은 조석 관측자료와 정보가 있으나 외해는 그렇지 못하다. 황해에서 조석정보를 파악 하기 위하여 관측치와 조석모델 결과치를 이용하여 조석특성을 알아보았다. 연안에 조석은 반일주조가 매우 우세 하지만 외해로 갈수로 전체 조석에 대한 반일주조의 영향이 작아지고 상대적으로 일주조의 영향이 커지는 특성을 보인다. 이것은 황해에 존재하는 분조들의 분포에 기인하는 것이다. 따라서 외해에서 단기 관측자료에 의한 조석예 측은 조석예측이 요구된다.