This study was performed to investigate the quality characteristics and antioxidant activity of black soybean Sunsik product with functional food ingredients and functional labeling system. We prepared black soybean Sunsik (BS) containing black beans, cereals, and vegetables. Black soybean Sunsik with nondigestible maltodextrin and calcium lactate (BSN) was prepared by adding non-digestible maltodextrin and calcium lactate to the base recipe to apply a functional labeling system. The particle size in BS was 118.00 μm, whereas BSN was 127.00 μm. The respective L, a, and b color values of BS were 73.25, 2.36, and 14.21. The respective L, a, and b values of BSN were 73.21, 2.36, and 14.31. The respective water retention capacities of BS and BSN were 241.67% and 216.33%. No significant difference was observed between BS and BSN in the three physicochemical properties described above. However, the pH of BSN was 5.45, which was significantly lower than that of BS. The total respective phenolic contents of BS and BSN were 1.75 mg GAE/g and 1.61 mg GAE/g, and total respective flavonoid contents of BS and BSN were 6.36 mg RE/g and 5.95 mg RE/g. The antioxidant capacities of BS and BSN were compared via assays of DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities, FRAP, and reducing power. The antioxidant activities of BS and BSN increased in a dose-dependant manner. No significant difference between BS and BSN was observed in any measure of antioxidant capacity. These results suggested that the addition of functional food ingredients (non-digestible maltodextrin and calcium lactate) did not affect the quality characteristics and antioxidant activity of black soybean Sunsik.

PURPOSES : In this study, we quantitatively prove the rubber necking phenomenon for highway traffic accidents and develop a calculation model based on the influencing factors. METHODS : Vehicle detector speed data in the opposite direction to the accident point were used based on the accident data on highways over the past three years, and a comparative verification was performed between nearby vehicle detector data to verify the reliability of the data. Accordingly, a binomial logistic model, ordinal probit regression model, and multilinear regression model were developed to compare the orientation. RESULTS : There was a difference in the influencing factors based on the dependent variable, and the day of the week, vehicle type, weather, longitudinal slope, and median height had an effect. Through a regression analysis, an influence coefficient was derived to calculate the driving speed deceleration value by rubbernecking. The results of the model analysis proved that the speed reduction caused by rubbernecking was more evident during the daytime than at night, during weekends compared to weekdays, and the speed reduction was more obvious for heavy vehicles compared to other types of vehicles. It can also be concluded that longer clearance time, higher accident severity, and higher traffic volume affect traffic delay. To verify the data and model equation, the mean prediction bias (MPB) and mean absolute deviation (MAD) were calculated for hundred cases randomly extracted from the collected accident data. These results were excellent. CONCLUSIONS : It can be developed into a human-engineered model that reflects various road/facility conditions, such as highways, other lanes, general roads, and roads without a median strip. This study is meaningful as a basic study on the quantitative effect of rubber necking.

The construction period of the ondol (Korean floor heating system) at Hoeamsa Temple Site is known as Joseon. The main reason is that a large number of remains in the Joseon era were excavated from the ondol floor with an all-around ondol method. This article partially accepts the theory of the creation of Ondol at Hoeamsa Temple Site during the Joseon Dynasty and suggests a new argument that some Ondol remains were built during the Goryeo Dynasty. The grounds for them are as follows. First, through the building sites consistent with the arrangement of the Cheonbosan Hoeamsa Sujogi (天寶山檜 巖寺修造記, Record of Repair and Construction of Hoeamsa at Cheonbosan Mountain), it is highly likely that the ondol remains as a basic floor was maintained during the reconstruction period in Goryeo. Second, the all-around ondol method of the Monastery Site has already been widely used since the Goryeo Dynasty. Third, some ondol remains consist of "Mingaejari" and "Dunbeonggaejari," which were the methods of the gaejari (which dug deeper and stayed in the smoke) in the pre-Joseon Dynasty. Based on the above evidence, this study argues that the building sites such as Dongbangjangji, Seobangjangji, Ipsilyoji, Sijaeyoji, Susewaryoji, Seogiyoji, Seoseungdangji, Jijangryoji, and Hyanghwaryoji were constructed during the late Goryeo Dynasty.

이 글은 自挽詩를 현대 죽음학과 죽음 교육의 시각에서 새롭게 조명하여 그 가치를 탐색한 것이다. 자만시는 동아시아 사회의 전통적 죽음 인식 일반과는 변별되는 글쓰기지만, 자신의 죽음을 정면으로 문제 삼은 사례라는 점에서 오늘날의 죽음교육에도 시사하는 점이 많다. 엘리자베스 퀴블러 로스(Elizabeth Kübler-Ross)가 말한 죽음 수용 단계들을 기반으로 자만시를 살펴보면, 자만시는 대체로 죽음 수용의 마지막 단계에서 지어지며, 의연히 죽음을 수용하려는 의식을 보여주거나, 죽음을 부모 및 조상과의 만남으로 받아들이는 의식이 많이 보임을 확인할 수 있다. 특히 자신의 상장례에 대한 구체적 실행 방식의 제시는 남은 이들을 배려하는 자세로서 주목할 필요가 있다. 퀴블러 로스가 제기한 ‘사후생’의 문제는 동아시아 고유의 영혼관과는 차이가 있지만, 자만시에선 ‘三不朽’와 같이 또 다른 관점에서 존재의 영원성을 고민했으며, 드물게 근사체험에 가까운 내용이 담기기도 했다. 이는 자신의 ‘소망 투사’(wishful thinking)라고도 볼 수 있지만 현대인의 죽음 터부를 깨는 데도 활용할 여지가 충분하다. 자만시를 활용한 죽음교육은 기존의 유언장 써보기와도 유사하지만 자만시 쓰기가 좀 더 자신의 죽음에 집중할 수 있다는 장점이 있다. 유언장의 내용이 대개 자신의 신변을 정리하고 가족과 주변 인들에게 남기는 말로 구성되는 반면, 자만시는 나의 죽음 자체에 좀 더 집중하여 죽음을 통한 ‘마지막 성장’이란 덕목에 좀 더 충실한 과정이 될 수 있다. 자만시는 관성적 죽음인식을 벗어나 있거나 전혀 다른 시각에서 죽음을 조명한다는 점에서 죽음 교육 자료로서 활용 가치가 높다. 현대인들의 죽음에 대한 지나친 두려움을 걷어내기 위한 교육 자료로서 자만시는 효과적으로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.