The growth is hot about the number of companies, the vehicles, and the variety of the business model of freight services in general, the road freight, in particular, have cooked up big challenges for the state management as well as the administration about business activities of transport companies. The road freight has still many inadequacies about the hight running coast, badly affecting the environment, the increase in the traffic jam and traffic accidents. About the state management, the organization and implementation processes the function to control the road transport encounter many difficulties and exist inadequacies about post-check after business registration, not ensure supply-demand balance in the transport markets. Still have many duplications in plan and organize the implementation of the sustainable development policy lead to has not brought into play all resources and effectiveness. Technology applications in management and operating, the policy of sustainable development in the road freight has not been given adequate attention. Faced with the need for sustainable development and improving the efficiency of the national transportation system, research on strengthening state management of car transportation in Vietnam is very urgent. Moreover, it is very practical and scientific to propose solutions to contribute to improving the capacity, effectiveness and efficiency of the state management of goods transportation by car in Vietnam.. The article focuses on analyzing and evaluating the current state of state management about the goods freight by cars, proposing radical solutions to strengthen state management to get the goals of sustainable development of the transport and the freight transport industry. Based on data collected from actual surveys, interviews and published research, the author has analyzed the overall performance of state management in car freight transport. With the number of 1227 sending feedback votes, it is a reliable basis for analyzing, assessing the current situation and clarifying the limitations, weaknesses as well as their causes in the management of freight transport in Vietnam.

Serious games are games with certain functions, such as inducing sleep or preventing sleepiness. To prove the effectiveness of these serious games, the experiment was conducted by combining several pieces of music that help improve concentration in the game while playing simple computer games. Through the player's brainwave analysis, we studied the effects of serious games on human brain waves. In this paper, it was confirmed that the existing concentration effect can be obtained through the development of functional contents that combine music with game contents to improve concentration through games, and the technology to control human brain waves is considered worthy of continuous study.

Seaports play a huge role in Vietnam's economy, being a border gate for economic and cultural exchanges with outsiders, especially the role of goods circulation. Container cargoes are one of the types of goods with large and increasing volume through Vietnam seaports. However, the heterogeneity between the seaport and the connected infrastructure greatly affects the capacity and efficiency of port investment. This is also one of the main causes leading to a shortage of goods, excess ports in some port areas. The root cause is that the planning has not kept up with the growth of the amount of goods arriving at the port, because the issue of forecasting the volume of goods through the port is not accurate. Therefore, it is necessary to develop models of forecasting container cargo through the ports with general, scientific, and high accuracy to serve the strategy, planning and development of seaport system; the work of planning and investment in the development of seaports, shipping fleets and other auxiliary transport infrastructure works. The purpose of this study is to build suitable forecasting models with high accuracy and reliability on the total volume of container cargo throughput of the Vietnamese seaport system. Based on the methods of a statistical survey, synthesis, regression analysis, and correlation to evaluate the influence of factors on container cargo volume through Vietnam's seaports in the period of 2004-2019. By incorporating more economic factors into the regression model, the paper focuses on forecasting container cargo through the Vietnamese seaport systems, going into cargo-based forecasting in tons and TEUs. The results of this study contribute to complete the rationale for forecasting, especially forecasts related to the shipping industry and the forecast for container cargo throughput of the seaport. Finally, selecting models for forecasting container cargo volume throughput of seaports by Vietnamese conditions.

Sea-level rise (SLR) is considered one of the most serious consequences of climate change. The risk of SLR compels legal consideration of this phenomenon related to many interrelated domains including the Law of the Sea. The Western Pacific region contains the most low-lying coastal countries and small island States seriously affected by SLR in the world. This research has been carried out as a contribution paper on the State practice in the Western Pacific region to the topic of “Sea-level rise in relation to international law” conducted by the Study Group of the United Nations International Law Commission in the period of 2020-2021. It aims to summarize the consequences of SLR for the Western Pacific States and outline their legal positions in relation to the sea-level rise. It also discusses specific issues, challenges and opportunities facing the Western Pacific States in supporting the maintenance of maritime baselines and limits notwithstanding physical changes caused by SLR.

본 연구는 폐쇄형 식물공장에서 시금치 수경재배시 세가지의 인공광이 생육, 광합성 및 품질에 미치는 영향을 규명하기 위해 수행되었다. 세가지 광 처리구는 적색 (660nm), 청색 (450nm) 및 녹색 (550nm) LED를 사용하여, R660 / B450 = 4/1 (RBL), R660 / B450 / G550 = 5/2/3 (WWL); R660 / B450 / G550 = 1/1/1 (WL) 비율로 혼합하였고, 동일한 광도로 설정하였다 (PPFD = 190 μmol‧m-2 ‧s-1). 생육조사결과 초장, 엽수는 WL이 가장 적었다. SPAD, 순광합성율, Fv/Fm, LAI, 근권부 생육은 RBL이 가장 높았고 통계적으로 유의하였다. 줄기, 잎, 뿌리의 생체중, 뿌리의 건물중은 세가지 처리구에서 유의한 차이를 보였다. 대조적으로 WL의 칼륨의 함량은 WWL과 RBL 가운데 가장 높았지만, 반면 칼륨과 철의 함량은 RBL이 가장 높았다. 비타민C 함량도 시험구간 유의한 차이를 보였다. 질소와 옥살산 함량은 WL이 가장 높았고, 용해성 고체와 비타민C 함량은 RBL이 가장 높았다. 옥살산, 질소 함량은 WWL에서 감소하는 경향을 보였고, RBL의 옥살산 함량은 WL와 WWL과 차이가 없었다. 모든 처리구에서 Salmonella, E.coli.는 감염되지 않았다. 결론적으로, RBL이 시금치의 생육에 적합하지만, 적색, 청색과 적정하게 혼합된 녹색광은 시금치의 생육에 긍정적인 영향을 미친다고 판단된다.

비료는 작물 재배 및 생산성 증대를 위해 필수 농업자재이다. 식량안보 및 영양결핍 해소를 위해 베트남에서는 스마트 한 방법으로 농업의 혁신을 가속화하고 있다. 작물 생산의 주된 목적은 시장 요구에 맞는 안전한 농산물을 재배하는 것으로 본 논문에서는 작물 생산 측면에서의 베트남의 화학비료 및 유기비료에 대한 현황 등을 소개하였다. 1960년대부터 최근까지 베트남의 비료 역사와 작물 재배에 있어 화학비료와 유기비료의 현황 등을 소개하였다. 베트남에 서 대부분의 작물 재배에 있어 화학비료와 유기비료를 7:3의 비율로 사용하는 것을 권장하였다. 그러나, 무엇보다 토양, 기후, 작물 및 시장의 요구에 맞게 양분 균형을 이루어지게 활용하는 것이 중요하다고 제안하였다. 또한, 완효성 비료 등 차세대 글로벌 시장의 비료 산업에 대한 전망도 제안하였다.

Vietnam is located in the centre of Asia - Pacific, on international maritime routes. With a long coastline of about 3260 km stretching from North to South, Vietnam has many favourable conditions to bring import and export goods to the world. Not only its production, but Vietnam is also an ideal place to conduct transhipment activities such as transit, border-gate transfer, and temporary import for re-export. Vietnam is a country with favourable natural conditions and geographical location to develop logistics services. Along with the process of opening and integration, the volume of goods produced, domestically circulated and exported and imported in recent years has grown strongly, which is the premise and driving force for the development of logistics services. Logistics is becoming an essential service industry of international trade activities and attracts extraordinary attention to the economic community. The role of science and technology in development has been widely accepted. In today's increasingly competitive international environment, technology is a vital strategic element for rapid socio-economic development. Thanks to technological innovation, businesses have many opportunities to improve productivity, product quality, as well as to improve the ability in designing new production lines, new products and improving the efficiency in business management and operation. In order to survive and develop sustainably, all countries have preferential policies to encourage businesses to innovate technology. Moreover, businesses also recognize the need for technological innovation to keep pace with the world's development trend; this is the experience gained from countries with developed economies. This paper presents some issues on trends and applications of information technology, blockchain technology in the field of supply chain management and logistics to improve the competitiveness and develop logistics services of Vietnam. On that basis, the article also proposes several recommendations to support businesses in innovation and technology application in managing and operating this critical economic sector.

Hybrid graphene/h-BN model is studied via molecular dynamics simulation to observe the evolution of graphene layer upon heating. Model containing 20,064 atoms is heated up from 50 to 8000 K via Tersoff and Lennard–Jones potentials. Various thermodynamic quantities, structural characteristics, and the occurrence of liquid-like atoms are studied. The Lindemann criterion for 2D case is calculated and used to observe the appearance of liquid-like atoms. The atomic mechanism of structural evolution upon heating is analyzed on the basis of the occurrence/growth of liquid-like atoms, the formation of clusters, the coordination number, and the ring statistics. The liquid-like atoms tend to form clusters and the largest cluster increases slightly in order to form a single largest cluster of liquid-like atoms. The other models such as free-standing graphene, zigzag GNR, and armchair GNR are also presented to have an entire picture about the evolution of graphene upon heating in different models. Note that the largest clusters of free-standing graphene as well as zigzag GNR, and armchair GNR tend to decrease to form a ring-like 2D liquid carbon.

漢문화는 베트남의 다방면에 다층적으로 영향을 미쳤다. 언어와 문자를 막론하고 정치제도, 사상관념, 풍속예절의식 등 어느 하나 漢문화의 그림자를 숨길 수 있는 영역이 없고, 漢문화의 중요한 매개체인 한자는 漢문화의 전파에 있어서 필연적으로 매우 중요한 지위를 차지한다. 그렇다면 왜 이러한 현상이 존재하는가라는 질문에 대해 우리는 양국의 교류 역사 안에서 그 답을 얻을 필요가 있다. 본 연구는 주로 베트남에 수동적으로 전파된 한어·한자와 주동적으로 전파된 한어·한자 및 베트남에서 소멸된 한어·한자 등 이라는 세 방면으로 진술을 전개하였다.

본 연구는 비시장평가법인 조건부가치평가법을 통해 수질개선을 위한 지불용의액을 추정 하였다. 연구 지역은 심각한 수질오염으로 직·간접적인 피해를 입고 있는 베트남의 하노이 To Lich 강 유역이며, To Lich 강 주변의 거주민들을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 이중양분선택형 질문을 통해 설문 내용을 디자인하였고, 설문조사를 통해 얻어진 표본으로 이변 량프로빗모형을 사용하였다. 그 결과, 베트남 하노이지역의 거주민이 수질개선을 위하여 연간 지불용의액은 약 VND 202,560원으로 나타났다. 또한 지불용의액에 영향을 주는 중요한 변수는 사회경제적 변수로 나이, 소득으로 나타났고, 거주민의 건강에 대한 관심도 통계적으로 유의한 변수로 나타났다. 본 연구는 하노이의 To Lich 강에 조사 지역을 한정하여 진행하였기 때문에, 연구 지역 범위를 확대시켜 향후 연구가 진행 되어야 할 것이다. 본 연구의 결과는 지속 가능한 수질 관리의 중요성을 강조하며, 추후 베트남 수질 개선 정책에 환경적 편익 정보를 제공하는데 도움을 줄 것으로 기대된다.

Sacbrood virus (SBV) caused significant colony collapse in Korean Apis cerana. Considering that hygienic behavior in honey bees confers colony-level resistance against brood diseases, we utilized this trait for selecting A. cerana colonies. In addition, the brood survival rate was evaluated after colonies were SBV-inoculated. Over four selective generations, dead brood removal and brood survivorship in selected colonies were higher than those in the unselected colonies (P < 0.01, 99.3 vs. 89.9% for removal of pin-killed pupae; P < 0.01, 99.0 vs. 63.9% for removal of SBV-killed larvae; and P < 0.01, 70.0 vs. 9.2% for brood survivorship). Following SBV-inoculation, selected colonies showed an increase in the number of surviving pupae and adults, whereas unselected colonies collapsed mostly. Our results confirm the feasibility of selecting SBV-resistant A. cerana.

The new Treaty on Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (“TPNW”) opened for signature on September 20, 2017. It will enter into force in 90 days after getting 50 instruments of ratification. This fact shows that Asia-Pacific is in the forward position to totally eliminate nuclear weapons in the world for the peace, security and human well-being. How to move forward the process of ratifying the TPNW? In order to clarify this question, the author will focus on the following three parts: 1) Asia-Pacific and International Humanitarian Law; 2) Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons - a step towards the nuclear disarmament; and 3) Ratification of TPNW.

Fast fashion brands gain their competitive advantages through launching new products to the market quickly in order to adapt to consumer’s rapidly changing preferences. Despite of these advantages, the fast fashion business model, in which accelerated process of product design, production, and launch is implemented, inevitably generates ethically controversial issues in fashion industry, such as intensifying environmental pollution during the production process, exploiting designers and workers, or excessively wasting resources. One possible solution to these problems might lie in reducing demand towards fast fashion products. Thus, this present study intends to explore potential means to reduce demand. It will begin with a review of literature regarding ethical concerns raised by fast fashion business model, consumers’ views towards buying fast fashion products and these concerns, and existing methods employed to reduce harm derived from fast fashion brands. Content analysis of articles and online posts addressing fashion and ethics related topics will also be conducted to collect first-hand information regarding these aspects. As a result, potential strategies or practices aiming at solving problems generated by unethical fast fashion business practices could be discovered and derived. Findings of this study are expected to provide more organized thoughts regarding ethical issues associated with fast fashion business model and how these issues concern the industry and consumers. Specifically, results of the preliminary examination will help us understand how general public and consumers perceive fast fashion business models and brands, their business practices, ethical concerns associated with these practices, and their proposed solutions. It is expected that consumers might be more willing to reduce unnecessary purchases of fashion goods if they are more aware of unethical business practices generated by practicing fast fashion business model. These results are expected to offer insights into potential strategies that (1) can be employed by policy makers to reduce waste and promote green consumption, (2) help raise consumers’ awareness regarding the negative impact of fast fashion business model, and (3) assist to return to a healthier fashion industry.