Wntsignaling is involved in the normal development and tumorigenesis via epithelial- mesenchymal transition (EMT). init iated by down-regul ation of E-cadherin by the transc ription factor Snail. Wnt signaling inhi bits Sna il phosph o rylation t hrough Axin2-dependent pathway that sustains nuclear accumul ation 0 1' Snail by driving CSK3ß nucleocytoplasmic export then consequently increases Snail protein levels and induces an EMT However. the roles of Wnt and Axin expression and their functional implication on Snail dependent EMT program a re not clear du ring the multistep carcinogenic process. We examined that canonical Wnt signaling engagingmul t istep carcinogenic process of uterine cervical cancer through Wnt-Axin2-Snail axis. In nonnal cervi cal mucosa, Wntl. Wnt3a. and Axin2 mRNA expression were locali zed in basal cell layer suggesting that canonical Wnt is required for maintenance of self-renewal program of cervica l epi theli al cells. With progression to cervical int r aepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and carcinoma. Wntl, Wnt3a‘ Axin2, and Snail expression were gradually increased in patient samples suggesting that canonical Wnt pathway is involved in earl y step of carcinogenesis in uterine cervix. LRP6 and Axin2 transfected cells showed the highly increased nuclear Snai l resul ted from dec reased level 0 1' nu clear GSK3ß , indicating that LRP6- Axin2 serves to stabili ze Sna il protein levels and susLains iLs nllclear acc llrnulation by driv ing GSK3ß . RNA interference of Axin2 and Snail on SiHa cells relieved E-cadherin proximal promotel‘ activity and block the in 띠 vo chorioalantoic membra ne ln VaSlOn These results suggest the canon ical Wnt signa ling regul ating Axin2-GSK3ß compartmentalization may important for stabi li zation of E- cad herin repressor Snail during the multistep carcinogen ic process of uteri ne cervix. It may lead to not only tracing the proper biomarker 0 [' ca ncer progression‘ but a lso the development oJ new targets for therapeutic intervention in cancer

Osteoblastoma is a benign bone forming neoplasm most commonly occurring in the vertebrae, long bones, but the jaw involvement is very rare events. When localized close to the periapical region or laterally to the roots of the t eeth, the lesion is easily confused with inflammatory periapical pathosis. In this article, we report our experience with a case of osteoblastoma located in the periapical region that was initially misdiagnosed as an inflammatory periapical pathosis, which led to unnecessary dental treatment and a delayed diagnosis. This case demonstrates the importance of proper diagnosis and treatment planning when one is dealing with radiolucent lesions in the periapical area Therefore, this case stresses the importance of biopsy of periapical lesions that do not respond to endodontic treatment or are otherwise S USpl CIOUS.

T:raumat ic eosinophili c granuloma(TEG) of the oral mucosa is considered to be a reactive benign lesion. which commonly manifests as an ulcer with elevated and indurated borders Clinically, this lesion simulates a malignant tumor. Histology shows a diffuse. dense, polyrnorphic, and eosinophil - rich cellular infiltra te. which extends deeply into the underlying soft t issues. A major constituent of infil trates is a population of mitotically active‘ la rge‘ atypi cal mononuclear cells. Immunohistologic evaluation of the large atypical cells has suggested a myofibroblastic 01' his tiocytic ol'igin. However, recent reports have shown that these cells are positive 1'01' CD30 antigen and it has been s llggested tha t a subset of TEG cOllld be included within the spectrum of CD30+ lymphoprolifer ative disorders. We have described 2 patients who had oral mllcosal lesions with features of TEG. ln patient 1. the lesiona l cells expressed CD3 .. CD43, LCA. Interestingly, the large cells were strongly CD30 positive. bl1t nega tive for CD68, CD45Ro‘ CD56, CD20. This case was interpreted as a CD30+ Iymphoproliferative disorder. In pa tient 2‘ t he la rge cell s showed strong posit ive for CD68, hut negative for CD30 The small lymphocytic cells ex prerssed CD3 This case was interpreted as an atypical histiocytic granuloma. Therefore, TEGs inclllde atypical histiocytic granllloma a long with the CD30+ lymphoid lesions. These findings suggested that TEG w0111d be a hete rogenous category of oral mucosal di sorders

The stem cell research is emerging as a cutting edge topic for a new treatment for many chronic diseases. Recently, dental stem cell would be possible for regeneration of tooth itself as well as periodontal tissue. However, the study of the cell characterization is scarce. Therefore, we performed the genetic profiling and the characterization of mouse fetus/neonate derived dental tissue and cell to find the identification during dental development. We separated dental arch from mandibles of 14.5 d fetal mice and neonate 0 d under the stereoscope, and isolated dental cells primarily from the tissues. Then, we examined morphology and the gene expression profiles of the primary cells and dental tissues from fetus/neonate and adult with RT-PCR. Primary dental cells showed heterogeneous but the majority was shown as fibroblast-like morphology. The change of population doubling time levels (PDLs) showed that the primary dental cells have growth potential and could be expanded under our culture conditions without reduction of growth rate. Immunocytochemical and flow cytometric analyses were performed to characterize the primary dental cell populations from both of fetus (E14.5) and neonate. Alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), vimentin, and von Willebrand factor showed strong expression, but desmin positive cells were not detected in the primary dental cells. Most of the markers were not uniformly expressed, but found in subsets of cells, indicating that the primary dental cell population is heterogeneous, and characteristics of the populations were changed during culture period. And mesenchymal stem cell markers were highly expressed. Gene expression profile showed Wnt family and its related signaling molecules, growth factors, transcription factors and tooth specific molecules were expressed both fetal and neonatal tissue. The tooth specific genes (enamelin, amelogenin, and DSPP) only expressed in neonate and adult stage. These expression patterns appeared same as primary fetal and neonatal cells. In this study we isolated primary cells from whole mandible of fetal and neonatal mice. And we investigated the characteristics of the primary cells and the profile of gene expressions, which are involved in epithelial-mesenchymal interactions during tooth development. Taken together, the primary dental cells in early passages or fetal and neonatal mandibles could be useful stem cell resources.

The Chinese Hamster Ovarian cells CHOK1 are one of the most extensively used cells for the evaluation of gene expression and toxicology. However, these cells are frequently used for biomedical research without consideration of their cytogenetic characteristics. Therefore, we carried out to investigate the karyologic profiles, the frequency and type of chromosome aberration, and the distribution of telomeric DNA on chromosomes of the CHOK1 cells. The GTGbanding and fluorescence in situ hybridization on CHOK1 cells were performed to characterize the karyotype and the distribution of telomeric DNA. The present study revealed that the chromosome modal number of CHOK1 cells was 2n=20; eight chromosomes appeared to be identical with those of the normal Chinese hamster, whereas the remaining 12 chromosomes were shown to be translocated, deleted, inversed, or rearranged from Chinese hamster chromosomes. The telomeric DNA on CHOK1 chromosomes was intensively distributed at the centromeres rather than the ends of chromosomes. In addition, three chromosomes had interstitial telomeres and one marker chromosome entirely consisted of telomeric DNAs. The frequency and type of chromosome aberrations in CHOK1 cells were examined. Of the 822 metaphase spreads, 68 (8.3%) cells resulted in chromosome aberrations of which the chromosome breakage was the most frequently occurred.

Gudul has been used since it was invented, and will be used continuously. But recently, we used rarely. One of the this reason is unequally floor temperature in Gudle because the distribution of heating air is not constant. So flow field in Gudul must be known for uniform temperature in floor. Recently, many fluid engineer have been performed the numerical analysis for the understanding of thermal and flow field based on the development of CFD(Computational Fluid Dynamics). In this paper, to find out the variation of temporal temperature in floor of traditional Gudle, we have performed numerical analysis. Initial temperature in floor is 20 t:' after 880 seconds later, maximum temperature become 2i.Oi t:'. ihour later, maximum temperature in floor become 34.5 t:' because continuously increase from 880 seconds.

It has been reported that light-emitting diodes(LED) can be used in the treatment of oral diseases. Although bio-stimulatory effects of LED irradiation such as promotes stimulation of wound healing have been well known, there are few reports about molecular mechanism associated with cell cycle by LED irradiation. The purpose of present study was to examine the molecular event in cell cycle of LED irradiation on primary human gingival fibroblast(hGF) in vitro. The source of light for irradiation was a continuous-wave LED emitting at a wavelength of 635nm, and manufactured that energy density was 5mW/cm2 on sample surface. The hGF were irradiated for 1 hour at 37℃ in 5% CO2 humidified chamber. Experimental samples were acquired at 0 (right after irradiation), 8 and 24 hour after irradiation. To investigate the molecular mechanisms associated with cell cycle, growth phase was determined by flow cytometry and mRNA expression of cyclin A, cyclin B, cyclin D1, cyclin E, cdc2, PCNA, p18, p27, p21, and p53 were determined by real time RT-PCR. Flow cytometric analysis demonstrated the percentage of cells in the G1 and S phase were decreased, but the G2 phase increased, which showed cells irradiated by LED were transitioned from S to G2 phase. For mRNA expression, cyclin B, cdc2, PCNA and p53 were increased at 0 hour after irradiation, and most of cell cycle molecules were increased at 8 hour after irradiation. At 24 hour after irradiation, cyclin A, cyclin E, PCNA and p18 were increased. Taken together, LED irradiation induced proliferation of hGF cells through transition from S to G2 phase.

Hereditary dentin defects consists of dentin dysplasia(DD) and denti nogenesis imperfecta(Dr) ‘ The Dl associated with osteogenesis imperfecta has been classified as DI type 1. whereas isolated inherited defects have been categori zed as DI types II and III , However‘ whether DI type III should be considered a distinct phenotype 01' a variation of DI type 1I is debatable , Recent genetic findings have focused attention on the role of the dentin sialo phosphoprotein(DSPP) gene in the etiology of inherited defects of tooth dentin, We have identified novel mlltation( c,727G - > A, p,D243N) at the 243th codon of exon 4 of the DSPP gene in a Korean patient with DI type III The radiographic and histologic features of the patient revealed the classic phenotype of shell teeth These findings sllggest that DI type II and III are not separate diseases bllt rather the phenotypic variation 01' a s ingle disease

Bipolar plates require some specific properties such as electrical conductivity, mechanical strength, chemical stability, and low permeability for the fuel cell application. This study investigated the effects of carbon nanotube (CNT) contents and process conditions of hot press molding on the electrical and physical properties using CNT 3~7 wt% added graphite nano-composites in the curing temperatures range of 140~200℃ and pressure of 200~300 kg/cm2. Bulk density, hardness and flexural strength increased with increasing CNT contents, curing pressure and temperature. With the 7 wt% CNT added noncomposite, the electrical resistance improved by 30% and the flexural strength increased by 25% as compared to that without CNT at the temperature of 160℃ and pressure of 300 kg/cm2. These properties were close to the DOE reference criteria as bulk resistance of 13 mΩcm and tensile strength of 515 kg/cm2.

전기투석 공정에서 이온교환막 표면에 형성되는 스케일 영향을 조사하기 위해 장기간 동안 운전되었다. 탈염공정 동안, Ca2+과 SO42- 이온의 농도는 농축실에서 연속적으로 증가하였으며 양이온교환막(Neosepta CMX)표면에 침전이 발생하였다. 초기 스케일 형성동안, 공정성능과 막 특성의 변화는 농축실 염농도 증가에 기인하여 일어나는 양이온교환막의 하계전류밀도가 감소하는 것을 제외하곤 미미하였다. 공정운전이 진행됨에 따라 양이온교환막의 한계전류밀도는 물의 해리 현상이 진행되어 300;A/m2까지 감소하였다. 막 오염은 농축실에서 양이온교환막 표면에 형성된 스케일과 물의 해리현상에 의해 유발된다는 결론을 얻었으며, 이러한 스케일 형성은 CaSO4의 용해도에 의해 예측 가능한 것을 알 수 있었다.