This study investigated the responses of Eremogone juncea flowering characteristics to exogenous 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and gibberellic acid3 (GA) treatments. Overwintered E. juncea plants were sprayed with seven treatments: no hormones; 200, 400, and 800 mg·L-1 BAP; and 200, 400, and 800 mg·L-1 GA. All treatments showed 100% flowering, and the exogenous BAP and GA treatments did not affect the time to flowering, whereas the hormone treatments influenced floral organ development. BAP significantly decreased the floret diameter and inflorescence length with increasing BAP concentration, although the 400 and 800 mg·L-1 BAP treatments showed similar values. BAP also caused abnormal flowers with a large gynoecium and stamens with small anthers and short filaments. However, GA significantly increased the floret diameter and inflorescence length, although 800 mg·L-1 GA treatment did not affect the floret diameter. In the vegetative parameters, the leaf length tended to increase as the GA concentration increased. These results indicate that BAP and GA affect the flowering quality of E. juncea and can enhance the value of cut flowers, such as flower size and inflorescence length, by making the flowers larger overall.

프리지아 ‘Sunny Gold’는 농촌진흥청 국립원예특작과학원 에서 2010년 노랑색 반겹꽃 프리지아 육성계통 ‘036010’을 모본으로 진노란색 홑꽃 ‘Golden Flame’을 부본으로 교배하여 획득한 종자로부터 2011년 진노란색 겹꽃의 향기가 강한 프리지아 계통을 선발하여 품종화 하였다. 2011년부터 2016년까지 개화 생육특성검을 수행하였으며 핵심수요자의 기호도 평가를 통해 선발되어 2017년 ‘Sunny Gold’ 로 명명되었다. ‘Sunny Gold’는 RHS color chart YO17B의 노란색 겹꽃 프리지아 품종으로 화폭은 6.7cm로 대조품종 ‘Golden Flame’ 6.1cm에 비해 크고, 분지수는 6.5로 다수확성 품종이다. 초장이 101.9cm로 초세가 강하다. ‘Sunny Gold’의 소화수 및 소화장은 각각 13.0개, 9.3cm이며 개화소요일수는 137.7일이다. 이 품종의 절화수명은 약 9일이며 자구번식력은 5.3배로 대조 품종 ‘Golden Flame’ 4.3배에 비해 우수하다. 전자코를 이용한 PCA분석결과 PC1과 PC2는 각각 99.3%와 0.6%로 전체 변이량의 99.9%를 반영하고 있다. Rader plot 분석결과 총 6개 센서에서 모두 ‘Sunny Gold’의 센서값이 향기가 강한 상용품종 ‘Yvonne’의 값에 비해 높게 나타나 ‘Sunny Gold’의 향기가 더 강한 것으로 나타났다.

농촌진흥청 국립원예특작과학원에서는 2018년 오리엔탈-트럼펫(OT) 종간잡종나리 ‘Pink Bella’를 개발하였다. 2008년 연노란색 OT 종간잡종나리 ‘Valparadiso’와 붉은색의 오리엔탈나리 ‘Scalini’를 각각 모본과 부본으로 화주 절단 수분법과 주 두교배법으로 각 3화를 인공교배하였고, 교배 후 미숙한 3개의 꼬투리를 수확하여 배가 형성된 배주를 기내에서 배양하여 잡종을 획득한 후 재배하였다. 육묘한 배양묘로부터 2011년 분홍색의 OT 종간잡종 나리 ‘OTO-11-43’ 계통을 개체 선발하였다. 2012년부터 2017년까지 선발된 계통은 자구와 인편번식, 조직배양을 이용하여 번식 및 양구한 후 1, 2차 생육특성 검정을 실시하였다. 2018년 3차 생육특성검정 및 소비자 기호도 평가를 수행한 결과 화색 및 화형에 대한 기호도가 높은 분홍색(RHS, RP62C)의 조기개화성 절화용 OT 종간잡종 나리 ‘Pink Bella’를 육성하였다. 3배체의 OT 종간잡종 나리로 초장은 131.7cm로 초장신장성이 우수하였다. ‘Pink Bella’의 화폭은 18.6cm이며 대조품종 ‘Table Dance’의 18.4cm와 유사한 크기였으며, 내화피의 폭, 길이 역시 대조품종과 통계적인 차이가 없었다. ‘Pink Bella’의 개화기는 6월 15일로 대조품종 ‘Table Dance’의 6월 28일에 비교하여 개화기가 13일 단축된 것으로 나타났으며 통계적으로 유의하였다.

Foliage plants are considered as an integral part of adding aesthetic and functional purposes in public places. Nowadays, various foliage plants are used to decorate and enhance the aesthetics of several government and private establishments which offer and run services non-stop that involve medical/police emergencies, entertainment, and travel. Under these conditions, indoor foliage plants are subjected to continuous lighting conditions. Thus, this study aimed to determine the growth and physiological response of common foliage plants (Hoya carnosa f. variegata, Epipremnum aureum f. variegata, Rhapis excelsa, Hedera helix, Chamaedorea elegans, and Spathiphyllum wallisii) under continuous light conditions with varying light intensity levels (60, 120, and 180 μmol m-2 s-1). Plant responses were evaluated using growth parameters and the chlorophyll fluorescence analysis of the OJIP curve and its specific energy flux parameters. Results showed that foliage plants showed positive growth and increase in mass yield in higher light intensities and had a minor impact on color quality. Chlorophyll fluorescence analysis suggested that strong stress responses were evident in low light conditions, whereas in fluorescence parameters, continuous lighting conditions with high light intensities showed stress due to excess light to shade-tolerant plants.

To enhance the effectiveness of the FMS (flexible manufacturing system), it is necessary for the manufacturing control system to be upgraded by integrating the cyber and the physical manufacturing systems. Using the CPPS (Cyber-Physical Production System) concept, this study proposes a 4-stage vertical integration and control framework for an aircraft parts manufacturing plant. In the proposed framework, the process controller prepares the operations schedule for processing work orders generated from the APS (advanced planning & scheduling) system. The scheduled operations and the related control commands are assigned to equipments by the dispatcher of the line controller. The line monitor is responsible for monitoring the overall status of the FMS including work orders and equipments. Finally the process monitor uses the simulation model to check the performance of the production plan using real time plant status data. The W-FMCS (Wing rib-Flexible Manufacturing Control & Simulation) are developed to implement the proposed 4-stage CPPS based FMS control architecture. The effectiveness of the proposed control architecture is examined by the real plant’s operational data such as utilization and throughput. The performance improvement examined shows the usefulness of the framework in managing the smart factory’s operation by providing a practical approach to integrate cyber and physical production systems.

This study deals with the case study on the pallet quantity determination problem for the flexible manufacturing system producing 32 different types of aircraft wing ribs which are major structures of an aircraft wings. A Korean company has constructed the WFMS (wing rib flexible manufacturing system) that is composed of several automated equipments such as the 5-axis machining centers, the RGV (rail guided vehicles)s, the AS/RS (automated storage and retrieval system), the loading/unloading stations, and so on. Pallets play a critical role in the WFMS to maintain high system utilization and continuous work flow between 5-axis machining machines and automated material handling devices. The discrete event simulation method is used to evaluate the performance of the WFMS under various pallet mix alternatives for wing rib manufacturing processes. Four performance measures including system utilization, throughput, lead-time and work in process inventory level are investigated to determine the best pallet mix alternative. The best pallet mix identified by the simulation study is adopted in setting up and operating a real Korean aircraft parts manufacturing shop. By comparing the real WFMS’s performances with those of the simulation study, we discussed the cause of performance difference observed and the necessity of developing the CPS (cyber physical system).

본 연구는 고농도 CO2 환경에 순응한 호접란 유묘의 CO2 교환 및 생장 반응을 조사하기 위해 실시하였다. 환경 조절이 가능한 식물생장상에서 6주령 호접란 ‘만천홍’을 27주 동안 야간에 각각 400 ± 100, 900 ± 100, 1500 ± 100, 2100 ± 100μmol CO2·mol-1 농도로 유지해주었다. 처리에 앞서 발달해 있었던 최상위 성숙엽으로 측정한 야간 중 CO2 흡수량은 900μmol CO2·mol-1 처리구에서 가장 높았고, 이어 2100, 1500, 400μmol CO2·mol-1 순으로 높았다. 그러나 처리 7주 이후 새로 발달한 성숙엽에서 측정한 결과, 2100μmol CO2·mol-1 처리구가 야간 중 가장 높은 CO2 흡수량을 보였으며, CO2의 흡수량은 처리 CO2 농도가 높아질수록 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 생장 반응에서는 최상위 성숙엽의 엽장, 엽폭 및 생체량은 900, 1500, 2100μmol CO2·mol-1 등 고농도 처리구에서 감소하였으나, 신엽 발달은 고농도 CO2 처리 하에서 촉진되었다. 이러한 결과들은 호접란 유묘의 높은 CO2 환경에 대한 적응이 CO2 흡수와 신엽 발달을 증진시킬 수 있다는 것을 보여준다. 그러나 900μmol CO2·mol-1 이상의 고농도에서는 잎의 생장과 생체량이 다소 줄어드는 경향이 있어 이에 대한 원인구명 등 추가적인 연구가 필요하다.

Dlx3 and Dlx5 are homeobox domain proteins and are well-known regulators of osteoblastic differentiation. Since possible reciprocal relationships between osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation in mesenchymal stem cells exist, we examined the regulatory role of Dlx3 and Dlx5 on adipogenic differentiation using human dental pulp stem cells. Over-expression of Dlx3 and Dlx5 stimulated osteogenic differentiation but inhibited adipogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells. Dlx3 and Dlx5 suppressed the expression of adipogenic marker genes such as C/EBPα, PPARγ, aP2 and lipoprotein lipase. Adipogenic stimuli suppressed the mRNA levels of Dlx3 and Dlx5, whereas osteogenic stimuli enhanced the expression of Dlx3 and Dlx5 in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. These results suggest that Dlx3 and Dlx5 exert a stimulatory effect on osteogenic differentiation of stem cells through the inhibition of adipogenic differ¬entiation as well as direct stimulation.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of heat appli˗ cation on the immune activities of the human body. To exam, further˗ more, the immune effect from the healthy volunteer(male:15, female:15) by monitoring changes of immune substances such as various leukocytes[total white blood cell(WBC), eosinophil, neutrophil, basophil, monocyte, and lymphocyte], a comparative study with warm water immersion(40.8±0.3℃) and infrared(250W) was carried out. The plasma analysis showed that the count of white blood cell, eosinophil, and neutrophil were elevated in warm water immersion- or infrared˗ stimulated group compared with control group. However, the count of basophil was decreased in both warm water immersion- and infrared-stimulated group than control group. Therefore, these results suggest that the thermostimulation improved immune activity.

Sclerodermus harmandi populations were collected from 6 Korean regions (Seoul, Gangwon, Chungcheong, Jeolla, Gyeonasang and Jeju provinces), 1 Chinese region (Nanjing) and 1 Japanese region (Tokyo). Above all was identified as the same species based on morphological characteristics. In present study, we compared the intra-specific characteristics of regional isolated populations of S. harmandi based on nucleotide and amino acid sequences of variant genomic and mitochondrial loci: the full length of internal transcribed spacer 1 and 2 (ITS1 & ITS2), the complete cytochrome oxidase subunit I and II (COI & COII) and tRNA genes for aspartate and lysine and 5'end of ATPase 8 genes. There were no significant differences among the analysed 9 populations regardless of regional segregation. The nucleotide and translated amino acid sequences similarities were significantly high, despite some sequence differences were found in same loci. This result support the report based on the morphological characteristics. However, we are conducting further study to identify whether sequence differences in specific loci are the characteristics of individual level in population or population level and to analyse the full sequences of mitochondrial DNA by regional segregation.

The stem cell research is emerging as a cutting edge topic for a new treatment for many chronic diseases. Recently, dental stem cell would be possible for regeneration of tooth itself as well as periodontal tissue. However, the study of the cell characterization is scarce. Therefore, we performed the genetic profiling and the characterization of mouse fetus/neonate derived dental tissue and cell to find the identification during dental development. We separated dental arch from mandibles of 14.5 d fetal mice and neonate 0 d under the stereoscope, and isolated dental cells primarily from the tissues. Then, we examined morphology and the gene expression profiles of the primary cells and dental tissues from fetus/neonate and adult with RT-PCR. Primary dental cells showed heterogeneous but the majority was shown as fibroblast-like morphology. The change of population doubling time levels (PDLs) showed that the primary dental cells have growth potential and could be expanded under our culture conditions without reduction of growth rate. Immunocytochemical and flow cytometric analyses were performed to characterize the primary dental cell populations from both of fetus (E14.5) and neonate. Alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), vimentin, and von Willebrand factor showed strong expression, but desmin positive cells were not detected in the primary dental cells. Most of the markers were not uniformly expressed, but found in subsets of cells, indicating that the primary dental cell population is heterogeneous, and characteristics of the populations were changed during culture period. And mesenchymal stem cell markers were highly expressed. Gene expression profile showed Wnt family and its related signaling molecules, growth factors, transcription factors and tooth specific molecules were expressed both fetal and neonatal tissue. The tooth specific genes (enamelin, amelogenin, and DSPP) only expressed in neonate and adult stage. These expression patterns appeared same as primary fetal and neonatal cells. In this study we isolated primary cells from whole mandible of fetal and neonatal mice. And we investigated the characteristics of the primary cells and the profile of gene expressions, which are involved in epithelial-mesenchymal interactions during tooth development. Taken together, the primary dental cells in early passages or fetal and neonatal mandibles could be useful stem cell resources.