To investigate the effects of sulfite on the chloroplast development, etiolated barley seedlings were treated with 100 mM sulfite solution every 3 hour by spraying during 96 hours greening period. The effects were determined by chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids contents, photosynthetic electron transport activity, chlorophyll fluorescence yield and fluorescence quenching parameters. The contents of chlorophyll a and carotenoids were decreased than that of control by treatment of sulfite over 48 hours greening. PS Ⅱ is more sensitive to sulfite than PS I is. And by the addition of DPC to the chloroplasts of the barley seedling treated with sulfite, the photoreduction of DCPIP was not recovered. In greening with sulfite treated barley leaves, Fo, Fv and Fv/Fm ratio were decreased with little difference from that of control. But qP, qNP and qR were lowed in comparison with those of controls whereas qE was slightly higher than that of control. Especially, it is interesting that qR was decreased markedly compared to that of control. The results in the change of PS I activity, Fv/Fm and qP suggest that the site of inhibition by sulfite is carbon dioxide reduction cycle.

The effects of various intensity of UV-B on barley seedling were investigated by PS I and Ⅱ activities and chlorophyll fluorescence. The inhibitory effect of UV-B radiation on electron transport activity was increased as the intensity of UV-B irradiation was increased. Especially, PS Ⅱ is more sensitive to UV-B radiation than PS I is. By the addition of artificial electron donor, DPC, to the chloroplasts of the barley seedlings treated with UV-B, the photoreduction of DCPIP was recovered by only 11% on electron transport activity. However, the activity of PS Ⅱ was inhibited by 45% by the treatment with UV-B, but recovered it only 11% by the addition of DPC. These suggest that other sites besides the oxidation site of PS Ⅱ may be affected more by UV-B irradiation. As the intensity of UV-B was increased, Fo was increased while Fv was decreased, and thus Fv/Fm was decreased. This means that photochemical efficiency was reduced. With this parameters, it might be that UV-B radiation affected adversely to around PS Ⅱ.

The objective of this study was to examine the transient response to hydraulic shocks in an inverse fluidized bed biofilm reactor(IFBBR) for the treatment of apartment sewage. The hydraulic shock experiments, when the system were reached at steady state with each HRT 12, 7, and 4hr, were conducted by changing twice HRT per day during 3days. The SCOD, SS, DO, and pH of the effluent stream were increased with hydraulic shock, but easily recovered to the steady state of pre-hydraulic shock condition. In spite of hydraulic shock, there were not much variation of biomass concentration, biofilm thickness, and biofilm dry density.

완효성 비료로서 METAP이 수도의 생육 수량 및 그 구성요소에 미치는 영향을 검토하고 그 효과를 단비와 비교하고자 농촌진흥청산하 3개작물시험장과 7개 농촌진흥원에서 동일한 설계하에서 일련의 시험을 실시하였다. METAP의 효과는 토양의 물리, 화학적 성질, 시용시기, 기상조건, 품종 및 재배법에 따라서도 다른 것 같으며 각 시험장에서 얻은 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 사질토에서 METAP의 시용은 수수를 증가시켜 수량이 증가하였으며 분시가 전량기비시용보다 효과가 좋았다. 그러나 해성토, 배수불량한 토양 및 비옥한 토양에서는 단비시용과 차이가 없었다. 2. 등숙에 요하는 온도가 높고, 조식에서 다수성인 품종(통일)을 비식하고 출수전후에 일조가 부족하고 온도가 낮으면 METAP시용이 등숙률 향상이나 1,000 입중을 증가시키지 못한다.