본 연구에서는 오미자 추출물이 보유하고 있는 것으로 알려진 항산화, 항균, 항염증 활성의 용매별 추출에 따른 변화를 구명하고 관련 기초자료를 제공하고자 하였다. 오미자를 물과 70% 에탄올, 99.9% 메탄올로 추출한 후, 폴리페놀 함량, 라디칼 소거능, SOD 유사활성, 항균활성, NO 생성 저해능을 평가하였다. 그 결과, 오미자 물 추출물의 폴리페놀 함량은 9.2 mg/g이었고 에탄올과 메탄올 추출에 의해서 각각 70.7%, 77.2% 증가하였다. DPPH 라디칼 소거능은 에탄올 추출물에서 IC50이 399.7 μg/mL으로 항산화능이 가장 높았고, 메탄올 추출물(400.8 μg/mL), 물 추출물(992.4 μg/mL)의 순으로 나타났다. 이를 통해, 물 추출물보다 유기용매 추출물의 폴리페놀 함량이 높음에 따라 소거활성이 증가하여, 폴리페놀 함량과 라디칼 소거활성은 연관성이 있음을 확인하였다. 병원균 3종 E.coli, S. typhimurium, St. aureus에 대한 항균 활성은 물 추출물의 경우 38.9~64.5%인 반면 유기용매 추출물에서는 70.0 ~ 85.6%로 증가하였다. 반면에 NO 생성에 대해서는 물 추출물이 대조군에 비해 35.7% 저해시켰으나 에탄올과 메탄올 추출에 의해서 각각 22.1%, 25.7% 감소하였다. 결론적으로 오미자의 유기용매(에탄올, 메탄올) 추출물은 물 추출물에 비하여 라디칼 소거능과 SOD 유사 활성, 항균 활성이 우수하였다. 반면에 항염증능은 유기용매 추출물에 비해 물 추출물이 우수한 활성을 보였다. 본 실험결과는 오미자 추출물을 건강 기능식품 개발 소재나 가공식품으로 활용할 때 주요 대상으로하는 건강기능성을 증진시키는데 기초자료로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the potential antidiabetic and antioxidant effect of the ethanol extract from Chrysanthemum cornarium L. var. spatiosum(CSE) against alloxan-induced oxidative stress in pancreatic β-cells, HIT-T15. In this study, the antidiabetic effect of CSE was examined using the 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazoliu bromide(MTT) cell proliferation assay, lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) release assay, NAD+/NADH ratio and insulin secretion. To further investigate whether CSE is involved in the antioxidant activity of alloxan-damaged HIT-T15 cells, its antioxidant effect against alloxan-induced oxidative stress was measured in HIT-T15 cells by determining the levels of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase(SOD), glutathione S-transferase(GST), glutathione reductase(GR) and glutathione peroxidase(GPx). The results of this analysis showed that alloxan significantly decreased cell viability, increased LDH leakage, and lowered NAD+/NADH ratio and insulin secretion in HIT-T15 cells. However, CSE significantly increased the viability of alloxan-treated cells and lowered LDH leakage. The intracellular NAD+/NADH ratio and insulin secretion were also significantly increased by 1.7-fold and 1.3-fold, respectively, after treatment with 100 ㎍/㎖ CSE. The HIT-T15 cells treated with alloxan showed significant decreases in the activities of antioxidant enzymes, while CSE significantly elevated the levels of antioxidant enzymes. These findings suggest that CSE could have a protective effect against cytotoxicity and dysfunction of pancreatic cells in the presence of alloxan-induced oxidative stress.

The purposes of this study were to identify leadership competences of rural leaders and to analyze leadership competency of leaders. The study carried out by questionnaire and focus group interview on expert panels. To analyze leadership competency, the data was collected from 273 rural leaders by stratified random sampling. SPSSWIN/ver10 program was used for analyzing data with t-test and IPA method. The study suggests twenty low types of leadership competences which were information, vision, decision making, motivation communication, education residents, managing residents, loaming, flexibility, problem solving, presentation program management, customer orientation service knowledge, making relationship, creative idea, business understanding, brand development, conflict resolution negotiation, assessment, business management, coaching and feed back. Whereas leaders with middle school educational career required developing program management, maintaining achievement and benchmarking, leaders with high school were morel likely to develope self-learning, to benchmark their knowhow and brand development competency. Whereas leader with less low years experiences as leader have been considered as developing coaching/feedback brand development and program development, leaders with more five years as leader should consider developing benchmarking, resident education, and brand development. The study suggests that the extension agents on public should develop leadership program according to the competency differences of leaders.