Purpose: The purpose of this study was to understand and describe the experiences of stomach cancer patients in South Korea. Methods: Secondary analysis of qualitative data was designed. The data were analyzed via the Phenomenological Method, using the data of 12 stomach cancer patients, from the original data collected by narrative interviews in 2013. Results: Seven theme clusters emerged from the analysis. Beginning with: ‘Facing Life Threats from Cancer,’ this describes how the participants experience between cancer diagnosis and treatments. ‘Crossing the Boundary between Life and Death’ deals with desperate struggle to overcome medical treatments, such as gastrectomy and chemotherapy, while ‘Adjusting to Weakened Body’ illustrates the continuous daily struggle to follow dietary treatments after operation. ‘Dilemmas in Interpersonal Relationships’ illustrates the sensitivity of relationships from the cancer stigma, with predicaments rising in collective dining situations. ‘Encountering: Hidden Me, Inside Me’ describes changes in values of life and a matured self. ‘Supporters for Hope’ illustrates driving forces to keep hope alive in everyday lives. Lastly, ‘Happiness of Everyday Life Rescued from Misery’ describes how life turned into blessings from cancer after all. Conclusion: The results of this study would help oncology professionals to develop patient-centered cancer survivorship interventions, by understanding and gaining insights about the lived experience of stomach cancer patients.

Kim, Hyesook. 2014. Corpus-based Study on Gender Differences in the Functions of English Tag Questions. The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea 22(3). This study examines gender differences, focusing on the functions of English tag questions using three social variables: age, education, and private/public situations. This research is a corpus-based study which used 753 tag questions extracted from the British component of International Corpus of English (ICE-GB). This paper is the sequel to Kim Hye-Sook(2010), which examined gender differences in the frequency of tag usage. In this present study attention was turned to functions of tag questions to examine whether the gender differences in the tag usage were related to different tag functions. The four functions considered in the study were informational, facilitating, softening and challenging(cf., Holmes 1995; Tottie & Hoffmann 2006). The 753 tags were categorized into those four functions by a native speaker of British English. The tags used by the British men and women in the ICE-GB corpus had no significant gender differences in the functions of tag questions. The tags were used consistently in the order of informational, facilitating, challenging, and softening by both men and women regardless of age, education and private/public situations.

This study compared the antioxidant activity and functional constituents of the peel, flesh,and placenta of oriental melons according to the harvest time. The sample oriental melons were harvested during the major harvest time (from June to August) and divided into peel, flesh, and placenta. To examine the antioxidant activity and functional constituents, the sample melons were extracted using EtOH. As a result, the functional constituents and antioxidant activity of the oriental melons were found to change according to the harvest time. The total phenol and total flavonoid contents were highest in the samples harvested in June, and lowest in the samples harvested in July. Meanwhile, the antioxidant activities were estimated using an ABTS and FRAP assay, where the samples harvested in June also showed the strongest the antioxidant potential, while the samples harvested in July showed significantly lower antioxidant activities. This means that the climate influences the synthesis of secondary metabolites. The above data also suggests that oriental melons harvested in June contain more functional phytochemicals, making them more beneficial for human health.

경상북도, 성주 지역에서 2009년 6월에서 8월 사이 매달 참외를 수확하여 수확시기의 기상환경이 참외의 수용성 비타민 함량 및 품질에 미치는 영향을 평가하고자 하였다. 과실 품질평가를 조사하기 위하여 무게, 경도 그리고 당도 등의 특성을 조사하였고 수용성 비타민인 엽산과 비타민 C의 함량을 측정하였다. 수확시기에 따른 과실특성을 조사한 결과 강우량이 적고 일사량이 많은 6월에 수확한 과실이 무게, 경도 및 당도가 가장 높게 나타났고, 강우량이 많은 7월에 급격히 감소하는 경향을 보여주었다. 8월에 일사량이 증가하고 강우량이 감소하면서 다시 증가하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 참외의 대표적인 비타민인 엽산과 비타민 C의 함량을 측정한 결과, 6월에 수확한 참외에서 가장 높은 함량을 보여주었고, 7월에 현저히 감소하였다. 과실의 특성 조사 결과와 마찬가지로 엽산과 비타민 C의 함량은 강우량이 감소하는 8월에 다시 증가하는 경향을 보여주었다. 부위별로 분석해 본 결과 태좌 부위에 다량의 엽산과 비타민 C가 함유되어 있음을 알 수 있었다. 이상의 연구결과는 강우량 증가에 의한 수분장애 및 일사량 부족은 참외 과실의 품질뿐만 아니라 수용성 비타민 함량에도 영향을 미치고 있고, 특히 엽산 함량을 크게 감소시키는 것으로 나타났다.

This large- scale corpus study examined the gender differences in the use of tag questions in terrns of three different social variables: age, education and private/public situations. Seven hundred and fifty- three tag questions were extracted from the British component of the 1ntemational Corpus of English (ICE -GB), where social variables were parsed and tagged. Overall, women used a slightly higher number of tag Questions: Out of the weighted 5E() tag Questions, men used 'l37 tag Questions (43.1%) and women used 313 tag questions (56.9%). Among men, the number of tag questions increased with age while the number of tag questions decreased with age among women. The women in the 18-25 and 26-45 age brackets used more tag Questions than the men in the same age brackets. But the women older than 45 used fewer tag Questions than the men older than 45. Women with a secondary education used more tag Questions than men with the same education. But both women and men with a tertiary education had about the same frequency of use of tag Questions. 1n the private situations women used more tag Questions than men while in the public situations men used more tag Questions than women

본 연구에서는 참외 추출물의 항암활성에 대해 알아보기 위해 참외를 부위별로 나누어 quinone reductase 유도활성과 다양한 간암세포에서의 증식 억제활성을 조사하였다. 참외 꼭지와 참외 줄기 잎 부위에서 농도의존적으로 QR 유도활성이 증가하였고, 200μg/mL 농도에서는 각각 3.9, 1.5배의 유도활성을 나타내었다. 암세포 사멸 활성 측정법을 통한 항암활성 평가 실험에서 마우스 유래의 간암세포인 Hepa1c1c7 세포에 대해서 조사한 결과 꼭지와 줄기 잎 부위에서 높은 암세포 독성을 보였다. 이러한 결과를 기초로 인체유래의 암세포에 대한 항암활성을 평가하기 위해 인체유래 간암 세포주인 HepG2에 대한 세포 증식 억제활성을 농도별로 조사하였다. 꼭지와 줄기 잎 부위 모두 인체유래 간암 세포에 대해 증식 억제효과를 보여주었지만, 특히 꼭지 부위는 최고농도에서 60.3%의 높은 증식 억제효과를 보였다. 그러나 마우스 유래의 간암세포에 대한 활성보다 인체유래 간암세포에 대한 활성이 낮게 나타났다. 참외의 꼭지 추출물에서 QR 유도활성과 항암활성을 확인함으로써 향후 참외 비가식 부위의 기능성 소재로의 이용화에 대한 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

참외의 기능성을 규명하기 위해 참외의 부위별 추출물의 라디칼 소거활성 및 항산화 물질 함량을 측정하였다. 참외의 DPPH 라디칼 소거능은 2mg/mL 농도에서 껍질 부위가 74.7%로 가장 높게 나타났고, ABTS 라디칼 소거능에서도 DPPH 라디칼 소거능과 마찬가지로 껍질 부위에서 가장 높은 활성을 보였다. 총 페놀과 총 플라보노이드의 함량은 껍질 부위에서 생체 중 100g 당 각각 134.5mg, 159.1mg으로 가장 높은 함량을 나타냈고, 다음은 태좌, 과육 순이었다. 비타민 C 함량의 경우 총 페놀과 총 플라보노이드의 함량과는 다르게 태좌 부위에서 40.7mg으로 가장 높게 나타났다. 라디칼 소거활성과 항산화 물질 간의 상관관계를 조사해 본 결과 총 페놀과 총 플라보노이드의 함량과 항산화 활성 간에 고도의 상관관계가 나타났고, 비타민 C의 함량과는 다소 낮은 상관관계를 보였다. 이러한 결과들을 종합하면 참외껍질 부위에서 라디칼 소거활성과 항산화 성분함량이 가장 높게 나타났고, 참외의 항산화 활성을 나타내는 주요성분은 페놀성물질일 것으로 생각된다. 향후 라디칼 소거활성과 항산화 성분 함량에서 가장 높게 나타난 껍질 부위의 활성성분 규명 등에 대한 지속적인 연구가 필요할 것이다.

This paper examines whether Korean students learning English are familiar with gender-neutral language. A total of 149 first-year university students were asked to choose the words they would use when speaking or writing English. The questions in the questionnaire consist of two types: Type I asked the students to arrange the given two words (e.g., gentlemen, ladies; boys, girls) in the parallel-pair form conjoined by and; Type II asked the students to choose one of the two words or phrases (e.g., policeman, police officer; anchorman, anchor). Of the eight parallel pairs in Type I, four were chosen where the word order of Korean and English is reversed (e.g., ladies and gentlemen) and the other four pairs have the same order (e.g., boys and girls) in both Korean and English. The students did better with the same order pairs than with the reversed order pairs with the exception of ladies and gentlemen. Of the nine pairs in Type II, a majority of both female and male students picked five gender-neutral words: anchor, firefighter, mail carrier, police officer and flight attendant. The four gender-specific words they preferred were chairman, salesman, freshman and actress.

The purpose of this article is to research the text-discourse strategies employed in a university president's speech. Speech is a type of one-sided formal public communication that transmits statements, which include one's theory, assertion or emotional contents in a given text in front of large audiences. Especially a university president's speech is a speaking form which embodies immediacy in a limited space, i.e., a university. Such as speech needs to utilize persuasive, sentimental and appealing production strategies that could induce the audience's sympathy and action. Therefore, a university president's speech includes all the communicative fields of listening, speaking, reading and writing. It is a public and popular communication means that integrates features of various communication skills in a university setting. Thus, ideal and effective strategies for delivering a university president's speech are discussed.

Kim, Hye-Sook. 2004. The Changes of Address Forms between Korean Husbands and Wives according to the Relationship History. The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea, 12(2). The present study explores how Korean husbands and wives change their ways of addressing each other during the course of their relationship and the underlying dimensions of meaning which are expressed in such changing patterns of personal address. Forty husbands and their 40 wives who are currently teachers at primary, middle and high schools in South Chungcheong Province participated in the study. The results showed that the teacher couples went through four distinct stages when selecting address forms for their spouses. In the first meeting stage, 'distance' played a major role in the selection. In the dating and early married stage, 'intimacy' was the key underlying semantics. Then 'solidarity' through the first child was the main influence in the parenthood stage. Finally in the later married stage 'solidarity' as longtime partners became the principal factor which governed address selections. It was revealed that there was a strong correlation between the couples' perception of their roles at their homes and their addressing behaviors. Address usage was not governed by social status when Korean husbands and wives, who were both teachers, selected address forms for their spouses.

파일럿 규모의 유리화플랜트에서 일련의 시험을 통해 고온 세라믹 캔들 필터 시스템의 주요 운전 변수 및 성능을 평가하였다. 실증 시험결과 매 시험초기에는 필터 표면 먼지층(Dust cake)의 생성으로 인해 필터 매질에 걸리는 차압이 급격히 상승하였다. 그런 다음 차압은 곧 일정한 범위에서 안정되었고, 표면유속(Face velocity)에 비례하여 계속적으로 변화하였다. 이와 반대로, 필터 투과율(Permeability)은 매시험 초기에 급격히 감소하였다. 필터표면 먼지의 역세정은 공기압 3～5 bar범위 일때 효율적이었다. 필터 입구 및 출구에서 동시에 등속으로 채취한 먼지농도를 바탕으로 필터의 먼지 포집율(Dust collection efficiency)을 평가한 결과 필터 성능은 설계값인 99.9%과 같은 것으로 나타났다. 100시간의 장기시험을 포함한 일련의 실증시험을 수행하는 동안 고온 필터 시스템의 성능에 영향을 주는 특별한 문제점은 발견되지 않았다.

Kim, Hyesouk. 2004. Theories and Developments of Sociolinguistics. The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea, 12(1). The purpose of this article is to understand a current status of sociolinguistics by reviewing previous studies and attempting to see the future of the discipline as linguistics. As Milroy and Milroy (1990:485) have defined, sociolinguistics is "the study of language as it is used by real speakers in social and situational contexts of use." It has four characteristics. (1)Those who study sociolinguistics are linguists but they have great interests in adding social variables to pure linguistics. Sociolinguists believe that criteria of correct language usage be based upon not only pure grammatical standards but also societal norms in terms of its relevance and general acceptance. (2)The goal of sociolinguistics is to identify a co-variance between language and society and to establish a theory of language performance. (3)Sociolinguistics regards synchronical and diachronical traits as an identical frame. (4)Sociolingustics pays attention to language usage in societal contexts and extends language competence, which is the main subject of pure linguistics, to communicative competence. D. Hymes predicts that the core areas of linguistics is actually sociolinguistics and, thus, the prefix 'socio' will not be necessary. Although we still have that prefix, it is true that sociolingusitics has already had its own identity and is growing rapidly as an independent discipline. In conclusion, this paper argues that sociolinguistics will receive more attention from linguists and play a key role in linguistics by explaining variation in language more systematically, and by interpreting and eliminating language conflict in everyday life.