The characteristics and spore production of Gonji7ho, Bunhong, and Sunjung fruiting bodies were assessed at different growth stages. The shape of the Pleurotus species fruiting body starts out short and small, then takes on a typical mushroom shape as it grows. Gonji7ho has a long stalk, Bunhong has a short stalk and a wide cap, and Sunjung's cap and stalk dimensions are intermediate. Each variety displayed deep color at the beginning of growth but became steadily lighter with continued growth. The shape of the linkage between the mushroom stalk and cap changed from an initial central position to a lateral position after the growing stage. Gonji7ho cap diameter increased 7-fold from 15.5 mm (5 days of growth) to 37.9 mm (9 days of growth). Growth rates for each growth day measured using the growth percentage of the previous day were 285.5% (5 → 6th day), 182.2% (6 → 7th day), 129.4% (7 → 8th day), and 103.8% (8 → 9th day). This trend was also observed in Bunhong and Sunjung, but Bunhong’s growth rate was more rapid (4.9 fold on day 6, 2.7 fold on day 7) and continued to increase through day 9. Harvest yield, which is of greatest interest to farmers, displayed a similar trend spanning the growth period, as did cap diameter. Gonji7ho harvest yield increased rapidly until day 7 of growth (more than 177%), then growth slowed down beginning around day 8, and further decreased on day 9 (98%). Similar trends were observed in Bunhong and Sunjung. Bunhong showed characteristic rapid growth in harvest yield (4.9 fold compared to the previous day on day 6 and 2.7 fold on day 7), and the increase continued through day 9. A decrease in mushroom harvest yield commonly seen in the late growth stage is thought to be due to the death of some mushrooms and decomposition of cap tissue. Basidiospore content increased with number of growth days but decreased after day 8. Gonji7ho yielded the highest production on day 7 of growth, coinciding with harvest time, with 209,000,000 spores. This trend was also observed in Bunhong and Sunjung. These results will provide researchers with basal data and guide farmers in selecting the optimal harvest day.

Light plays an important role in fruit-body development and morphology during Pleurotus spp. cultivation. To understand the effects of light color on fruit-body properties, we evaluated the fruit-body characteristics of Pleurotus spp. varieties cultivated under blue, red, and purple LED light sources. The main results are as follows: The overall fruit-body shape showed differences depending on the color of the LED light. The fruit-bodies of mushroom cultivated under blue and purple light were generally similar to the mushroom shapes typically produced, while those of mushroom cultivated under green light were abnormally shaped, probably due to the absence of effective light source. The average cap lightness of mushrooms cultivated under blue, green, and purple LED lights was 57.0, 57.4, and 59.4, respectively. The average cap lightness of all varieties except Wonhyeong1ho and Hwang-geumsantari cultivated under the three LED light sources were statistically significantly different (P<0.05). The cap redness varied significantly depending on the LED lighting and variety. Only Gonji7hoM, the cap color mutant of Gonji7ho, showed negative cap redness values under all three LED light sources. Among the eight varieties excluding Gonji7ho, the highest cap redness was observed when cultivated under the blue LED. The average harvest weight of the varieties cultivated under purple, blue, and green LED light were 68.0, 58.3, and 50.1 g, respectively. The yield of Gonji7ho, the mushroom variety with the highest yield, cultivated under blue, green, and purple LED light were 92.8, 77.1, and 98.6 g, respectively. The earliness when grown under the purple, blue, and green LED lights were 5.3, 5.8, and 5.8 days, respectively. Among the varieties, six, three, and two cultivars showed the shortest earliness under the purple, green, and blue LED, respectively. The fruit-body lengths were 66.4, 51.8, and 46.8 mm when cultivated under green, purple, and blue lights, respectively. These results are expected to serve as a foundation for producing mushrooms with traits demanded in the market.

To elucidate how cultivation temperature affected various traits including pileus color, yield and morphology of Pleurotusspp. Main results were as follows. Pileus lightness of all cultivars of Pleurotustested became higher as cultivation temperature increased, while those of Santari, Hwang-geumsantari and Sunjung at 21oC were lower than at 18oC. Redness and yellowness of pileus decreased as cultivation temperature increased; those of chromatic pileus cultivars showed noticeable difference. Yellowness of cultivar with chromatic pileus was higher than that of cultivar with achromatic pileus. Yield was increased as cultivation temperature increased, Wonhyeung 1ho; low temperature favored cultivar showed high yield when it was cultivated at low temperature andno fruiting body at 21oC. Valid number of stipes were generally higher at 18oC, and its correlation coefficient with yield was low. Length and stipe thickness changed consistently (larger and thicker) upon cultivation temperature; the coefficient of determination(R2) 0.514 for lengthof Heuktari and 0.963for stipe thickness of Santari were high. Correlation coefficient of one trait was highly related with multiple traits. In the future, we will conduct research on the changes of expressed genes involved in the pigments for pileus color by RNA expression analysis.

국내의 주요 산느타리 품종인 호산47(일핵, 산타리 배우자), GB19(일핵, 산타리 배우자), 호산, 여름느타리1호, 삼복, 강산, 약산, 자산, 향산, 여름느타리2호의 유전체를 Hiseq을 이용하여 해독하였고 이 서열 정보에서 SSR을 분리하여 특성구명을 하였다. 일핵균사인 호산 47, GB19 의 유전체의 크기는 각각 37.3와 37.2 Mbp이고, 이핵균사인 나머지 산느타리 품종의 유전체 크기는 47.1~61.1 Mbp인 것으로 밝혀졌다. 품종별 총 SSR의 수는 HS47이 711개로 가장 적고, 강산이(GS)이 1.5배 많은 1,106개로 최다를 기록하였다. SSR의 repeat motif 중에서 hexanucleotide 와 octanucleotide가 가장 많은 빈도로 관찰되었고, 가장 많이 관찰되는 반복서열은 CGA/TCG, A/T, CTC/GAG이었다. SSR의 길이는 모든 품종에서 변이가 많아 유용성이 높은 20~30 nt가 가장 높은 비중인 70%를 차지하였다.

느타리 품종구분을 위한 마커의 개발을 위하여 곤지7호 의 어버이 일핵 균사중의 하나인 MT07156-97의 전체 유전자 염기서열을 바탕으로 제작한 251개의 SSR 프라이머를 제작하였다. 우선적으로 수한1호, 곤지7호, 흑타리 품종에 다형성 여부를 관찰하여 20개의 SSR을 선발하고, 이를 10개 품종에 적용하였다. 단일의 프라이머로는 일부 품종이 구분되지 않았으므로, 선발된 프라이머 간의 다양한 조합(multiplex 방식)을 적용한 결과 모든 품종을 판별 할 수 있는 분자마커 다형성을 보인 프라이머 "166+115" 조합을 선발하였다. 별도로 프라이머 115와 166가 만들어 낸 산술적인 유전자좌(loci) 31개보다 12개 많은 40개의 유전자좌가 증폭되어 다양한 품종에 특이적인 분자마커를 제공할 수 있었다. 개발된 분자마커는 종균의 품질관리, 품종의 판별, 신품종 보호에 활용될 수 있을 것이다.