This study measured the energy recovery rate of each municipal waste incineration facility according to the revised energy recovery rate estimation method, which targeted four municipal waste incineration facilities (Unit No. 7). The results calculated by the measuring instruments were used for each factor to estimate the recovery rate, and the available potential of available energy was examined by analyzing the energy production and valid consumption. As a result of the low heating value, 2,540 kcal/kg was calculated on average when the LHVw formula was applied, which is approximately 116 kcal/kg higher than the average design standard of 2,424 kcal/kg. The energy recovery rate was calculated as 96.9% on average based on production and 67.5% based on effective consumption, and the analysis shows that approximately 29.4% energy can be used.

Domestic automotive shredder residue (ASR) recycling facilities must comply with 60% of the energy recovery criteria calculated by the waste control act, based on resource circulation of electrical and electronic equipment and vehicles. The method of calculating energy recovery criteria was newly enacted on November 6, 2017, and it has been judged that it is necessary to consider applicability. In this study, the energy recovery efficiency of 7 units was calculated by past and present calculation methods. Furthermore, this study attempts to find applicability and a method of increasing the energy recovery efficiency by taking advantage of available potentials. An analysis of the calculation results showed that the average values calculated by past methods, present methods, and the method that includes available potentials are 76.35%, 70.68%, and 78.24%, respectively. Therefore, the new calculation method for energy recovery efficiency is also applicable to domestic automotive shredder residue recycling facilities.

The quality standards of solid refuse fuel (SRF) define the values for 12 physico-chemical properties, including moisture, lower heating value, and metal compounds, according to Article 20 of the Enforcement Rules of the Act on Resource Saving and Recycling Promotion. These parameters are evaluated via various SRF Quality Test Methods, but problems related to the heavy metal content have been observed in the microwave acid digestion method. Therefore, these methods and their applicability need improvement. In this study, the appropriate testing conditions were derived by varying the parameters of microwave acid digestion, such as microwave power and pre-treatment time. The pre-treatment of SRF as a function of the microwave power revealed an incomplete decomposition of the sample at 600 W, and the heavy metal content analysis was difficult to perform under 9 mL of nitric acid and 3 mL of hydrochloric acid. The experiments with the reference materials under nitric acid at 600 W lasted 30 minutes, and 1,000 W for 20 or 30 minutes were considered optimal conditions. The results confirmed that a mixture of SRF and an acid would take about 20 minutes to reach 180 oC, requiring at least 30 minutes of pre-treatment. The accuracy was within 30% of the standard deviation, with a precision of 70 ~ 130% of the heavy metal recovery rate. By applying these conditions to SRF, the results for each condition were not significantly different and the heavy metal standards for As, Pb, Cd, and Cr were satisfied.

소각시설에서의 폐기물 저위발열량은 소각로의 연소성능 및 특성 파악 측면에서 핵심적 요소로 작용하는 인자이다. 기존 저위발열량 측정 방법은 시료 채취를 통하여 발열량계 측정, 원소분석법 등을 적용하도록 규정하였으며, 소량의 시료를 바탕으로 함에 따라 폐기물의 불균질성 등을 충분히 반영하지 못하여 결과의 객관성이 부족한 문제점을 야기하여 왔다. 이에 환경부는 저위발열량 산정 관련 지침의 개정을 통하여 산정방법의 객관화를 추진하였다. 그러나 개정된 지침의 생활폐기물 저위발열량 산정식은 일반･고온 소각시설에 적용되는 산정 방법이다. 현재 국내에는 17개소의 열분해(가스화)･고온용융 소각시설이 운영되고 있으며 투입 보조연료, 연소로 운전 온도, 잔재물 배출 특성 등 일반소각방식과 달리 열분해･용융 처리방식의 공정 특성을 반영한 산정식의 필요성이 제기되었다. 이에 본 연구에서는 국내 열분해･고온용융 소각시설에서의 열정산을 통하여 열분해･고온용융 처리방식의 특성이 반영된 저위발열량 산정방법의 산정계수와 최종 산정식을 도출하였다. 또한 도출된 산정식을 바탕으로 대상 시설에서의 투입 폐기물에 대한 저위발열량을 산정･평가하였다. 입･출열 특성 분석결과 출열에너지 중 증기 흡수열이 약 77.1%로 가장 많은 비율을 차지하였으며, 배출가스 보유열은 약 15.3%, 그 밖의 기타 출열에너지는 약 7.6% 수준으로 나타났다. 이러한 열정산 결과를 바탕으로 저위발열량 산정식의 상수값과 최종 산정식을 도출하였으며, 미연 및 방열손실 계수(α)는 1.098, 부가 입열량 계수(β)는 1.189, 배출가스 열손실 계수(γ)는 0.002의 상수값을 도출하였다. 아울러 도출된 열분해･고온용융 시설 LHVw 산정식을 적용을 적용한 저위발열량 산정 결과 11개호기 평균 약 2,160.8 kcal/kg 수준으로 나타났다. 산정식 도출결과는 현재 운영 중인 시설에서의 실측데이터를 적용한 결과로, 국내 열분해･용융 시설에 적용가능한 객관적이고 정형화된 저위발열량 산정방법일 것으로 사료된다. 또한 본 연구의 결과는 향후 저위발열량 산정방법 개정 등을 위한 소각시설에서의 주요 모니터링 인자 도출 및 관리방안 마련을 위한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

폐기물에너지는 폐기물을 변환시켜 연료 및 에너지를 생산하는 기술이며 고형연료제품이 이에 해당한다. 고형연료제품은 가연성 생활폐기물, 폐플라스틱, 폐타이어, 폐목재 등의 고체폐기물을 파쇄, 분리, 건조, 성형 등의 공정을 거쳐 제조한다. 고형연료제품 사용은 폐기물 발생을 최소화할 수 있고 폐기물 중 가용 자원의 재활용을 극대화 할 수 있는 장점이 있다. 하지만 고형연료제품은 소각을 통해 열에너지를 회수하므로 그 과정에서 오염물질이 발생하는 단점이 있다. 따라서 오염물질 발생을 줄이기 위해 고형연료제품의 품질기준에 적합한 제품을 사용해야 할 것이다. 고형연료제품의 품질기준 시험은 환경부고시 제 2014-135호 󰡔고형연료제품 품질 시험․분석방법󰡕을 기준으로 수행한다. 따라서 품질기준 적합성 여부를 판단하기 위해서는 고형연료제품 품질시험방법의 정확성이 요구된다. 하지만 현행 고형연료제품 품질시험방법은 국외 고형연료제품 품질시험방법과 폐기물공정시험기준을 참고하여 번역․제정하였고, 그 과정에서 국내 실정에 맞지 않거나 용어, 문장의 오류가 다수 발견되었다. 그러므로 현행 시험방법을 개선하고 오류를 수정하여 고형연료제품 품질시험방법을 개정해야 할 필요가 있다. 본 연구에서는 품질시험방법의 개정을 위해 고형연료제품 품질표시 시험기관의 의견을 수렴하였고 개정의견의 타당성은 전문가 회의, 적용성 시험을 통해 검토하였다. 적용성 시험은 고형연료제품 시료 운반 온도에 따른 성분 변화 분석, 회분시험 시료량의 변화에 따른 회분함량 분석, 마이크로파 전력 및 반응시간에 따른 고형 연료제품의 중금속 함량 변화 분석을 수행하였다.

In this study, asbestos in air during dismantlement and removal of slate roof tiles and asbestos that could linger in mask filter and safety wear were investigated. In addition, a wetting agent and its physical properties for water were studied, while the possibility of prevention of drift was assessed based on the properties. According to the analysis of 100 air samples, asbestos concentrations ranged from 0.001 to 0.007 f/cc and the average was 0.002 f/cc. The concentrations of asbestos in all the samples were below 0.01 f/cc, emission limit for asbestos-removal facilities. The use of a wetting agent and the use of water were compared to analyze asbestos concentration in air during asbestos removal. According to the analysis, asbestos concentration was 0.002 f/cc on average with wetting agents and the concentration was 0.003 f/cc when water was used. The surface tension of wetting agents showed 28.9 to 42.1 mN/m range and the average was 34.9 mN/ m. The surface tension of tap water showed 72.2 mN/m. Water-absorption time was from 16 seconds to 300 seconds for wetting agents and the agents showed a significant difference with one another. Surface area on the roof tiles was measured by instillation of its spread. For wetting agents, the range was from 31.2 to 64.7 cm2, with the average of 40.6 cm2 and all wetting agents showed larger areas than tap water. Drying rate was measured for the assessment of wetting. According to the measurement, the rate ranged from 0.094 to 0.144 min−1 and 0.110 min−1 was the average. It was found that the drying rate of tap water was bigger than those of all the wetting agents, but some wetting agents did not show a big difference.

There are some problems of lacking the information on the safety of cement products and for determining harmfulness due to differences in the concentrations of heavy metals according to organizations. Thus, the harmfulness of heavy metals in cement products has been monitored by one time per month since August 2008 and the results have also been noticed for every month. In this study, the concentrations of seven different heavy metals (Cr(Ⅵ), T-Cr, Cd, Cu, Pb, As, and Hg) in cement products collected from 11 factories of 9 manufacturers are verified for every month and changes in the concentrations are also compared with the cement products of Japan, Germany, USA, and China. The company, HO, in domestic companies represents the highest values in four items and AJ shows the next high values. Thus, regarding these two manufacturers, it is necessary to take an effort for reducing the concentrations of five heavy metals through considering the major and alternative raw materials for producing their cement products. the chrome conversion rates in domestic cement products are about 36.4 % and that exhibits higher rates about 16.0 % and 8.3 %, 2.3 and 4.3 times, than that of Japan and USA, respectively.