철도교통은 기술적, 사회적, 문화적 환경의 변화 및 고속철도의 확장과 철도 구조개혁 등으로 현장에서의 인적요인으로 인한 오류가 증가로 안전을 위협하는 요소가 날로 증가하는 추세로 안전신뢰성 확보는 절대적이다. 따라서 인적오류를 근절하기 위한 안전시스템의 적정성 및 신뢰도에 대한 분석과 해외 선진철도의 안전정책 및 안전시스템의 변화와 발전 추세를 분석하여 국내 철도안전의 방향을 제시하고자 한다.

In the event of an outbreak of fire in an underground subway station, the speed of movement slows down as many people try to evacuate at once and bottlenecks might begin to occur in some locations, potentially resulting in catastrophic accidents. This study aims to analyze egress routes depending on, among other factors that influence evacuation in the event of an outbreak of fire, the characteristics of occupants and the initial points of fire using the GongEgress simulation program. The simulation result shows that the evacuation time of the vulnerable users is found to take 18% longer than that of ordinary people, and the transfer passageways have lower survival probability compared to that of the platforms. Through the analysis of the results, the structural features of the underground subway station and the points of fire are proved to be the major factors that determine the survival probability of the occupants. Therefore, safety training for passengers through conducting fire drills at the station or fire accident simulations can be established in the evacuation route and plan for reaction at the station or fire accident simulations. Key Words : Underground subway station, Fire accident simulations, Evacuation route, Vulnerable users, Transfer station

High voltage electric power transmitter GIS(Gas Insulated Switchgear) above 72.5kV needs to satisfy domestic Korean peninsular standard(ES-6110-0002) in KEPCO with respect to normal and special operation conditions which include internal gas pressure, dead weight, wind and seismic load. Some other requirements not described in Korean standard can be applied from other international standards such as IEC(International Electronical Committee) 62271-203 and 62271-207. The GIS is a kind of pressure vessel structure made of aluminum and filled with SF6 gas of internal pressure 0.4～0.5MPa. Finite element analysis of GIS is performed with such operational loads including seismic loading and the stability and reliability is determined according to ASME BPVC(Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code) SEC. VIII standard where the allowable stress level of the pressure vessel is suggested. The result shows that the stress of GIS is satisfied the allowable stress level and the safety factor is about 2.3 for Korean peninsular standard.

The blast hole has a space between explosive and hole wall, and blast forces reaches the hole wall face with a large amount of loss during passing through this space. The loss ratio of blasting forces are different to this packing material of space like air, water, etc. In this study, the effect of packing materials is investigated by the numerical simulation analysis. The simulation is carried out to two phases; 1st phase is to compute the impacting forces reaching on the wall face passing through packing materials(air, water), 2nd phase is to study the blasting effect(block size of cracking, direction of driving forces, etc.) in real site. The reaching force at the wall face in the water is larger than in the air. This study shows that the water as packing materials is superior to the air.

In the blast work inevitably exists a vacant space between drilling hole wall and explosive. So it cause an blast inefficiency called on a decoupling effect. In this study, For enhancing the detonation efficiency and reducing the environmental problem(vibration, noise, etc.), water is used to fill the vacant space. Water filling has many advantages such as efficiency, low price and workability. In the comparison analysis the field test is carried out. It result on an aspect of the effectiveness and safety. The result measured in the field is as follows; First, the water tube blast reduces the vibration by 16.5% and lessen the noise by 1% comparing to general blast. Secondly, water tube blast makes a separation distance shortened by maximum 15m. Thirdly, in the case that the same quantities of explosive are used, the amount of crushing per hole increased by about 12.8% in water blast method. The quantity of the explosive is reduced by about 11.4% comparing with general blast.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the problem on safety and health training system in Occupational Safety and Health Act(OSHA) and to find countermeasures to improve it in the construction industry. The questionary survey was done on aiming at tracing the legal drawbacks of safety and health training system. The questionary was prepared to target on site workers, management supervisors, and safety supervisors in various construction sites. After analyzing the answers from the survey, realistic and optimal countermeasures on derived problems were proposed. These should be included on the next revision of OSHA.

In this paper, we survey and analyze the characteristics of the special health and safety education in the construction industry, and provides a few solutions. In particular, the implementation of special safety and health education conducted a study to target the construction site of heavy chemical plant many domestic. If you look at the results of research and analysis, problems of special health and safety education that are currently being conducted in many cases, the proportion of respondents who do not know the special safety and health education is very high, workers of the scene, this education it is possible to know that the proportion of respondents answered to have the experience that are submitted to the work while not subject to are operated poorly in the field of special health and safety education high. Finally, improve the quality of the most important education has to be done on a priority basis that fixing the safety education system systematically in line with the actual situation in the field and the use of specialized external agency.

Recently in the construction business construction companies has been ordered to survive in the terriblly competitive environment. Aa a result, most of the project with low-priced contract needs a speedy progress during all construction period. For the last five years major incident frequently occurs and results in the death of 189 workers at major top 6 construction builders. In most recent 10 years, the cause of major incidents happened in construction company is the speedy construction work that is affecting on the safety management. To prevent these accidents in the speedy construction work, four factors were chosed and analysed such as the personnel/organization, the working budget, the subcontractor selection and the employee motivation. The head office taked the support plan and tested it at the pilot work site. It showed a reduced accident and the harmful factors can be eliminated. It should be able to apply to the field to secure safety and prevent accidents.

Most frequently happening accident in construction working sites was fall in high and dangerous position. Most of fall accidents resulted in serious injury or death of workers. In this research was analysed recent safety accidents for three years from 2010`to 2012 and was developed the safety equipment to be able to efficently prevent and reduce fall accidents. This new safety equipment can be easily fixed to the reinforcing steel or steel girder etc by the fixing hook of life saving line and is comfortablely portable because of its light weight. The questionaire study of the developed equipment was performed to investgate the problem in the view point of using in real sites. The result shows that the new fixing fook can reduce fall accidents and satisfy construction workers.

Recently in the construction business construction companies has been ordered to survive in the terriblly competitive environment. Aa a result, most of the project with low-priced contract needs a speedy progress during all construction period. For the last five years major incident frequently occurs and results in the death of 189 workers at major top 6 construction builders. In most recent 10 years, the cause of major incidents happened in construction company is the speedy construction work that is affecting on the safety management. To prevent these accidents in the speedy construction work, four factors were chosed and analysed such as the personnel/organization, the working budget, the subcontractor selection and the employee motivation. The head office taked the support plan and tested it at the pilot work site. It showed a reduced accident and the harmful factors can be eliminated. It should be able to apply to the field to secure safety and prevent accidents.

In this study was conducted numerical analysis to evaluate the stability of BTR(Built-in Timber Roof Tunneling Method), which is one of construction methods of underground structures in the non-opening state. The discretion method was applied to individually model reinforcing members of BTR, and the homogeneity analysis technic by area ratio was used to verify the feasibility comparing this result with that from conventional analysis method. The parameter study was performed to evaluate the effect varying ground depth, distance length of reinforcing supports and to verify the field applicability of new analysis method. The results showed the very precise value with allowable error, so this method can be applied in the field, The more length of supporting members caused the more vertical displacement and the top displacement increment of support members is larger than that of ground surace. The effect of ground depth was more impressive than that of distance length of reinforcing supports.

본 논문에서는 지하공간에 설치되는 지중구조물에 대한 내진해석에 관한 연구로 구조물의 거동특성과 내진설계방법의 종류에 따라 수치해석을 실시하였다. 이를 위해 현재 가장 많이 실무에 적용되고 있는 내진설계방법인 등가정적해석법과 응답변위법을 적용하고 정밀한 해석이 가능한 시간이력해석법에 의해 검증을 시행하였으며 구조물 내진해석은 3-D 모델링에 의해 구조물-지반 상호작용을 고려하고 국내의 콘크리트구 조설계기준에 따라 수행하였다. 해석 결과 현재 실무에서 적용되고 있는 등가정적해석법과 응답변위법을 적용하는 경우 정밀한 동적해석법 보다 다소 크게 산정되어 실무 적용에 문제가 없음을 확인 할 수 있었다.

본 논문에서는 비개착 지하구조물 형성 공법의 하나인 BTR 공법에 대해 안전성을 평가하기 위해 수치해석을 실시하였다. 이를 위해 BTR 공법의 보강요소를 개별적으로 모델링하여 이산화해석을 실시하였고 면적비를 고려한 균질화 기법을 도입한 균질화 해석을 수행하여 지반에 발생하는 변위를 비교함으로써 균질화기법 적용의 타당성을 확인하였다. 해석 결과 이산화 해석과 균질화 해석은 변위발생 양상이 유사한 결과를 갖는 것을 알 수 있었다.

Fire disasters have frequently happened in concrete structures, which resulted in severe structural damages and unsafety. In this case, the method which had evaluated the safety of damaged structures was often unaccepted from most of stakeholders and engineers. The objective of this study is to develope the procedure and method to be able to determine the safety. Numerical simulation was applied to produce the maximum temperature and temperature distribution. Nextly, temperature propagation analysis was performed to plot temperature gradients at each depth and location. The material strength curve versus temperature was applied to determine the safety of concrete structures damaged by fire. The maximum temperature should be calibrated considering real fire records ; magnitude, intensity, situation etc. The results shows that the selected procedure and method was applicable and practical.

현수교의 기하학적 비선형거동을 해석할 수 있는 해석방법을 개발하고 해석을 실시하였다. 해석은 사하중하에서의 초기형상해석과 활하중하에서의 비선형해석의 2단계로 해석하는 알고리즘을 개발하였다. 선형해석 결과와 비선형해석결과를 비교할 때 기하학적인 비선형 효고가 매우 크므로 해석 및 설계시에 반드시 고려해야 함을 알 수 있다. 해석치와 측정치를 비교분석한 결과 새로운 알고리즘이 매우 유용함을 보여주고 있다.