Brown rice has various health benefits; however, it is more difficult to cook and has a harder texture as compared to milled rice. In this study, the effect of the sous-vide cooking method on starch retrogradation and textural properties of brown rice was investigated by comparative analysis with conventionally cooked brown rice based on moisture content assay, evaluation of the textural property analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results of the study are as follows: First, the moisture content of sous-vide cooked brown rice was higher than in the conventionally cooked brown rice. Second, the sous-vide cooked brown rice has lower hardness, higher adhesiveness, and lower retrogradation enthalpy during storage than conventionally cooked brown rice. Finally, the retrogradation properties of cooked brown rice during storage were analyzed by DSC. The enthalpy increased more rapidly in the case of conventional cooked brown rice, reaching 1.58 J/g after 3 days of storage. This indicated that sous-vide cooking is effective in preventing retrogradation of rice during storage.

The purpose of this study was to provide basic data for future research and suggest product development and market segmentation strategies by identifying the perceptions and consumption behaviors of vegetarians in each segment of the vegetarian market. According to food consumption value, a total of three market segments were derived, and the markets were named based on their characteristics, including ‘environment and animal protection’, ‘multiple consideration’ and ‘low interest’. As a result of analyzing the perception of vegetarian-based food, “environment and animal protection” and “multiple consideration” presented positive perceptions of a vegetarian food product. Conversely, the group stating low interest expressed negative perceptions of the vegetarian food product. An analysis of the requirements for development for vegetarian-based foods products (eg. aquafaba), indicated that the development requirements for all products, except cultured and processed meats, were high.?Considerable demand was observed for vegetarian menus and vegetarian restaurants. As a result of the analysis on the necessity of the elements of the vegetarian restaurant menu, the subjects that stated “multiple consideration” had significantly higher awareness of issues related to vegetarian foods than others.

본 연구는 국내 유통되고 있는 건조 농산물 중 33종의 고구마말랭이에 대하여 이산화황, 카로티노이드 함량 및 바실러스 세레우스 오염 정도를 조사하였다. 고구마말랭이의 시료별 특징에 따라 4가지의 군집으로 분류하여 각 군집간의 이산화황, 카로티노이드 함량 및 바실러스 세레 우스 함량을 조사한 결과, 각 군집간의 유의적인 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 33개의 고구마말랭이에서 잔류 이산화 황이 검출 범위는 0.38~28.16 mg/kg으로 기준인 10 mg/kg 이상으로 검출된 경우는 3건(9.09%) 이었지만, 고구마말 랭이의 이산화황 잔류 허용 기준치인 30 mg/kg을 초과하는 시료는 나타나지 않았다. 고구마말랭이는 카로티노이드에 대한 규격 기준이 없으므로 카로티노이드의 국·내 외 기준을 비교하였을 때, 본 실험에서 검출된 고구마말랭이의 카로티노이드 검출 범위는 46~2663 μg/100 g 로 카로티노이드의 함량 기준인 0~9,826 μg/100 g 의 범위 내로 확인되었다. 고구마말랭이 시료에서 바실러스 세레우스로 추정되는 집락은 대체적으로 검출되지 않았으며 7건(21.21%) 에서만 0.05~1.59 log CFU/g 범위로 검출되었지만 국내 기준치인 3 log CFU/g 은 넘지 않는 것으로 확인되었다. 본 연구결과는 건조 농산물 중 고구마말랭이에 대한 기준규 격 제정 시 품질 지표 기준으로 설정할 수 있는 기초자료 로서 활용될 것으로 판단되며 국내 유통중인 고구마말랭 이에 대한 품질 관리를 위해서는 원재료부터 건조 방법 그리고 포장 후 유통까지 안정하게 공정 과정이 진행되도 록 지속적인 관리 및 유지를 해야 될 것으로 사료된다.

Foods are becoming more customized and consumers demand food that provides great taste and appearance and that improves health. Food three-dimensional (3D)-printing technology has a great potential to manufacture food products with customized shape, texture, color, flavor, and even nutrition. Food materials for 3D-printing do not rely on the concentration of the manufacturing processes of a product in a single step, but it is associated with the design of food with textures and potentially enhanced nutritional value. The potential uses of food 3D-printing can be forecasted through the three following levels of industry: consumer-produced foods, small-scale food production, and industrial scale food production. Consumer-produced foods would be made in the kitchen, a traditional setting using a nontraditional tool. Small-scale food production would include shops, restaurants, bakeries, and other institutions which produce food for tens to thousands of individuals. Industrial scale production would be for the mass consumer market of hundreds of thousands of consumers. For this reason, food 3D-printing could make an impact on food for personalized nutrition, on-demand food fabrication, food processing technologies, and process design in food industry in the future. This article review on food materials for 3D-printing, rheology control of food, 3D-printing system for food fabrication, 3D-printing based on molecular cuisine, 3D-printing mobile platform for customized food, and future trends in the food market.

This study aimed to investigate the perception, consumption, and acceptability of convenience mealsin low-income female elderly attending a lunch program at a community well fare center. Using in-depth interviews, qualitative data were collected 11 elderly females (62.5±11.2y) living in Seoul. Participants tried to eat various foods in small-portionsat home, although they ate out what they were offered. Elderly females preferred lunch box-type meals containing a bowl of rice served with toppings, gruel, or Bibimbop due to the growing unavailability of cooking or preparing a meal. Side-dish type convenience mealswere also preferred among elderly females since boiled rice can be easily prepared according to individual preferences. In addition, participants preferred healthy foods. Convenience meal planning and production, appropriate kinds of foods, cooking methods, menus, and packaging should be selected based on the elderly's functional atrophy in chewing, swallowing,digestion, and metabolic diseases. Furthermore, food preferences and comfort foods among the elderlyneed to be identified and characterized. Therefore, more information, including bite size, cutting size, and food texture, should be provided to understand and develop convenience meals for the elderly.

Yaksun, a medicinal diet, has been traditionally prepared and applied (based on theories in oriental medicine) for the modulation of disease symptoms and signs. However, restaurants that serve and claim Yaksun mainly focus on stamina foods. A consistent definition of Yaksun has not been provided, which can confuse the public interpretation of Yaksun. The purpose of this study was to investigate the perception of Yaksun in Korean adults living in Seoul, Gyeonggi, and Chungbuk regions. Among the participants (M=55, F=168, 25y), only 10.4% understood the definition of Yaksun (mainly through the broadcast media). The frequency of Yaksun consumed when eating out was 2~3 times per month in 50.2% of participants. The main reason for choosing a Yaksun menu (46.3% of participants) when eating out was for health. The mean satisfaction score of Yaksun was 3.5±0.8 on the five point Likert scale. Participants highly agreed (3.8±0.8) that Yaksun is composed of nutritious foods combined with oriental medicinal herbs for the treatment of disease, which was significantly higher in groups with learning experience on Yaksun (p〈0.05). Interestingly, participants showed neutral to the description, that a diet without oriental medicinal herbs is not Yaksun (3.1±1.0), which was significantly different between genders (p〈0.05). Men recognized more than women that Yaksun should be based on oriental medical theory (p〈0.05) and should be prepared for the prevention or treatment of diseases (p〈0.05). In conclusion, the concept and terminology of Yaksun need to be defined and publicized in modern diet.