In this study, we undertook detailed experiments to increase hydrogen production efficiency by optimizing the thickness of titanium dioxide (TiO2) thin films. TiO2 films were deposited on p-type silicon (Si) wafers using atomic layer deposition (ALD) technology. The main goal was to identify the optimal thickness of TiO2 film that would maximize hydrogen production efficiency while maintaining stable operating conditions. The photoelectrochemical (PEC) properties of the TiO2 films of different thicknesses were evaluated using open circuit potential (OCP) and linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) analysis. These techniques play a pivotal role in evaluating the electrochemical behavior and photoactivity of semiconductor materials in PEC systems. Our results showed photovoltage tended to improve with increasing thickness of TiO2 deposition. However, this improvement was observed to plateau and eventually decline when the thickness exceeded 1.5 nm, showing a correlation between charge transfer efficiency and tunneling. On the other hand, LSV analysis showed bare Si had the greatest efficiency, and that the deposition of TiO2 caused a positive change in the formation of photovoltage, but was not optimal. We show that oxide tunneling-capable TiO2 film thicknesses of 1~2 nm have the potential to improve the efficiency of PEC hydrogen production systems. This study not only reveals the complex relationship between film thickness and PEC performance, but also enabled greater efficiency and set a benchmark for future research aimed at developing sustainable hydrogen production technologies.

Among service industries of knowledge based economic era, the roles of educational service field are becoming more important and standard of educational service makes a direct effect on economic development and social growth. Therefore, accurate measurement of service quality is the most important assignment and the measurement of the service quality remains difficult assignment. So, this researcher classified quality attributes applying weighted value and found potential satisfaction level(PSL) and potential customer demand improvement index(PCDI) for trainees participating in national manpower business so as to suggest measurement of service quality and easiness of use and then, calculated satisfaction position and opportunity cost by quality factor with Taguchi’s loss fraction. And, improvable satisfaction level was measured, opportunity cost by degree of customer dissatisfaction was quantitatively measured, and a model that can indicate with economic factors was suggested. In addition, methodology of measuring quality cost that can be reduced by quality improvement and direction of strategic decision-making for deciding items to be improved preferentially were suggested with qualitative index that can indicate the degree of customers’ dissatisfaction by loss.

Logistics companies are worrying about securing of differential competitiveness so as to be competitive companies in keen logistics market. The ground is how users are satisfied by sell-established service system to respond not only economic feasibility of logistics costs but also diversity and advancement of logistics needs. The competitiveness of logistics companies is also caused by customer satisfaction of service and only companies finding and satisfying customer needs continuously may be more competitive. For the competitiveness, it’s the most important to analyze demands of current and potential customers and their pursuing value properly. Therefore, this researcher grasped PSL for online logistics service users with 5-point Likert-scale and quality-level decision method that consider the weighted value based on Kano model, measured customer’s potential Demand for service through PCDI, and suggested methodology for deciding the priority of the improvement with loss function of Taguchi.

In knowledge information society entering global unlimited competition era, our middle and small sized companies are the base of national and enterprise competitiveness and core base of national economy as an origin of jobs. The competitiveness of middle and small sized companies is so important to decide the level of the competitiveness of the whole industries, but the gap from big sized company is much low in comparison with advanced countries from angles of important factors of enterprise growth, productivity and technological competitiveness, so, it's urgent to improve the competitiveness through productivity enhancement. The purpose of this research is to do a positive study on effects of learning organization management outcomes of middle and small sized company on enterprise productivity among various types of outcome brought for strengthening of enterprise competitiveness. It confirmed learning organization has functions and usefulness as a management tool bringing positive effects on enterprise productivity through the Productivity improvement.

Recently, service quality must reflect several demands of customers who show rapid and various changes so as to be compared with the past. So, objective and rapid methods for them are necessary more. For them, first of all, service company must calculate their standard of service quality accurately by measuring service quality exactly. To measure service quality accurately, this researcher collected and analyzed data by survey for customers who are customers of logistics services, grasped potential satisfaction standard(P) by 5 point Likert scale and one survey for accurate classification of quality attributes through weighted customer satisfaction coefficient changing quality attributes by developing the study on Kano model and Timko's customer satisfaction coefficient, and suggested Potential Customer Satisfaction Improvement index(PCSI) for examining the improvement of customer satisfaction so as to utilize them as an index of differentiated and concrete measurement of service quality.

This study was planned to monitor the change in the content of sulfur dioxide during the drying process of fresh vegetables. The analysis of sulfur dioxide was conducted by the Optimized Monier-Williams Method based on the Korea Food Code. The samples were kinds of vegetables which consisted of naturally-originated sulfur compounds (green onion, onion, cabbage, garlic, radish leaves, radish). Fresh vegetables (n = 182) and dried vegetables (n = 41) purchased from different local areas were investigated for the content of sulfur dioxide. The fresh vegetables were dried at 50~60℃ using hot-air dryer. The moisture contents of dried samples were adjusted to keep 10percents. The contents of sulfur dioxide in self-dried vegetables were 104.6 mg/kg in green onion, 75.4 mg/kg in onion, 129.1 mg/kg in cabbage, 197.6 mg/kg in garlic, 23.0 mg/kg in radish leaves and 52.5 mg/kg in radish, respectively. The increase of sulfur dioxide content according to the moisture content reduction was different from the expected. It means that the contents of sulfur dioxide can be altered by other factors except moisture contents. This results can be utilized as materials for the safe management of sulfites of dried vegetables.

We analyzed the recent characteristics of Particulate Matter (PM) including PM10 (PM with diameter of less than 10μm) and PM2.5 (PM with diameter of less than 2.5μm) observed in Busan metropolitan area, and compared them with those measured in Seoul metropolitan area. This analysis includes the monthly, seasonal, and annual variations and differences, in emissions and chemical compositions observed in both Busan and Seoul areas. Synoptic meteorological conditions were investigated at the time when high PM concentrations occurred in each of the two areas. The results showed clearly decreasing trends of annual mean concentrations with strong seasonal variations: lower in summer and higher in winter in both areas. In comparison with Seoul, the seasonal variation in Busan demonstrated relatively lower, but showed greater summer fluctuations than in Seoul metropolitan area. This is implying the importance of secondary generation of PM in summer via active photochemical reaction in Busan area. In high concentration days, Busan’s chemical composition of sulfate was higher than that of nitrate in summer, whereas nitrate was higher than sulfate in Seoul. The ratios of NO3 - to SO4 2-(N/S ratio) showed lower in Busan approximately by a factor of 1/2(half of N/S ratio) in Busan compared with that in Seoul. Others such as synoptic characteristics and emission differences were also discussed in this study.

여행을 하는 사람들은 기념하고 싶거나 추억을 공유하는 마음으로 타인에게 선물을 주거나 자신에게 추억을 간직하는 의도에서 여행지마다 독창적이고 차별화된 관광기념품을 구매하고 싶어 한다. 흔히 관광기념품이라고 하면 지역특색이 잘 나타난 농산물 가공품이나 공산품인데 주로 휴대하기가 싶고 가격도 적절하고 쓰임새나 보관도 용이한 민.공예품이 가장 많이 선택된다. 최근에는 시대적 트랜드에 맞춰 수공예적인 특성이 두드러진 민.공예품이 IT기술과 접목된 상품으로 거듭나고 대량생산이 가능한 상품으로 개발되고 있는 추세이다. 지역문화만이 각각 독특함을 지니고 있기에 정보화 된 지구촌 사회에서 보면 어쩌면 제각기 차별화 된 상품을 만들어야만 할 것이다. 지구촌 시대에 글로벌한 생활양식이 교류되다 보니 나라마다 독특함이 있는 소재개발과 디자인이 가장 두각을 나타내고 있다. 현 시대는 지구촌 시대여서 문화와 환경이 지역간, 나라 간의 경계도 모호해져 가고 있기에 더 더욱 그 지역만의 관광기념품과 문화상품이 필요할지도 모른다. 이에 본 연구는 우리나라 지자체별로 관광기념품 공모전을 개최하는 자료를 수집하여 품목, 소재, 가격, 홍보지원 내용을 분석하여 관광기념품을 지속적으로 개발하려는데 있다. 그리고 예술가들의 지역산업현장의 참여를 위해 공동체 모델인 협동조합을 제시하려 한다. 지역브랜드와 함께 문화예술분야가 지역산업으로 발전하고, 나아가 예술가들의 안정적인 생업의 계기가 마련되길 기대해 본다.