This study informs regarding application to electric protection by using piezoelectric material which is one of the energy harvesting system in bridge. It can transform from strain energy to electricity energy by using piezoelectric material as strain energy always occurs in bridge. This paper suggests that electricity energy occurred from piezoelectric material can use cathodic protection by power impressed methods for anti corrosion of reinforcement bar, steel and so on.

SOC ,which are roads, bridge and tunnel are increasing as development in the world. Although outworn structures need to keep structure maintenance, it become obsolete rapidly because of the technical problem and being ignorant. This paper suggests ubiquitous unmanned inspection auto system which is whenever, wherever shoes in the Bridge

현재 사용되는 교량 강재의 부식 방식은 도장 방식이며, 이는 도막의 구성물이 고분자물질로 이루어져 있기 때문에 그 기능이 감소되거나 상실된다는 문제점 및 교량의 하부 교대 및 교각, 교좌 장치 등의 안전 점검 및 유지 관리에 어려움이 있다. 본 논문에서는 압전소자 및 진동 발전을 이용한 에너지 회수기술로서 발생된 녹색 에너지를 이용하여 철근 부식, 강합성 교량 및 강교량의 부식에 대해 전기 방식 중 외부 전원법의 활용에 대한 기초 연구를 하였다. 지하철의 경우 도상에서 평균 1km 당 자갈도상에서 5.76MW·h, 콘크리트 도상에서 0.58MW·h 의 전력이 발생 되고, 차량의 하중을 이용한 압전 소자로 발생되는 전력은 약 4차선 도로 기준 1km당 약 166kW가 발생된다. 강재 방식 중 외부 전원법의 애노드 강재 보호 반경은 약 2m 이며 6~12볼트의 직류 전기가 필요로 한다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 녹색 에너지에서 발생되는 전력을 이용하여 외부 전원법의 전류 공급을 하여 교량 강재의 부식 방식 및 효율적으로 유지관리 하는 시스템을 제안하였다.

토목구조물의 설계와 시공에 있어서 온도변화는 매우 중요한 요소 중 하나이다. 따라서 토목구조물의 설계 및 해석에 있어서 물성변화 특성을 고려한 대표적 기후조건에서 각각의 재료의 물성치를 적용하여, 설계 또는 구조해석을 실시하여야 한다. 본 연구에서는 토목구조물의 설계 및 해석 시 정확한 온도하중 산정을 위하여 기상청의 기후데이터를 이용하여 국내 대표 도시를 선정하여, 각 도시의 기상관측소 최대 30년(1982~2011) 기간의 일평균온도 데이터를 분석하였다. 각 데이터 값의 통계적 분석을 통하여 토목구조물 설계 및 시공에 있어 고려할 수 있는 최대/최소 온도 변화 값 및 국내 고유의 온도 변화에 관한 기초 자료를 제시하였다.

This study was conducted to investigate the transplant possibility of glasswort (Salicornia herbacea) into new reclaimed land. The glassworts were transplanted into new reclaimed land at May 2000, and at next year we investigated the plant growth, yields, and the amounts of mineral elements of newly grown plants at new reclaimed land. The plant height of April was 8.5 cm, but at June that increased as 35.9 cm and the lateral shoots number were also increased. The total yields was 976.4g/m2 in fresh weight, and dry weight was 207.5g/m2. We measured the mineral element contents at April, May, and June, respectively. Na, Mg, and Ca of shoots were always more accumulated than that of root, and the amount of mineral contents trends was not affected by season. While P and Zn was reverse.

Hwang,Yong-soo. Kim, Young-Suck. 1998. The Optimality of Interrogatives in English. Studies in Modern Grammar 14, 263-283. The purpose of this paper is to briefly review head movement and operator movement within Minimalist Program, point out the assumptions posed to cover all kinds of interrogatives, and analyze the syntactic structures of English interrogatives on the basis of Optimality Theory. In the framework of Minimalist Program, wh-questions are CPs headed by COMP with a (WH] specifier-feature, and wh-movement(movement of wh-operator expressions into spec-CP) is motivated by the need to check the [WH] specifier-feature of COMP. Auxiliary Inversion involves a head movement operation whereby an auxiliary moves from INFL to COMP because an interrogative COMP is strong by virtue of containing an abstract question affix and a strong head position must be filled. In the analysis of optimal interrogatives in terms of Minimalist Program, we need some assumptions such as enlightened self-interest, null-operato no questions, null-complementizer in embedded questions, and a strong COMP of English questions. Optimality Theory proposes an input and an output and a relation between the two. The relation between input and output is mediated by two formal mechanisms, GEN and EVAL. EVAL uses the language particular ranking of constraints from the universal set of constraints, which are violable. An optimal output form for a given input is selected from among the class of candidates: a form, for every pairwise competition involving it, best satisfies the highest-ranking constraint on which the candidates conflict, is optimal. Under OT, wh-movement, inversion of the subject and auxiliary verb and the appearance of the auxiliary verb do can be explained consistently by the interaction of universal constraints.

Kim Young-Suck. 1997. The LF Analysis of Scrambling. Studies in Modern Grammatical Theories 11: 79-90. Such languages as Korean and Japanese can scramble and have free word order, unlike English. Some linguistic theoreticians proposed English is configurational while Korean and Japanese are nonfigurational. Since Saito(1985), it has been standard to view the free word order as being derived from the optional, transformational operation of scrambling. Since the optional operation of scrambling has been problematic as it seems to apply without any driving force, this paper is to propose a novel analysis of scrambling. It will be argued that `scrambled` elements are actually base-generated in their surface positions and undergo obligatory LF movement to where they are assigned θ -roles. Since scrambling in this sense involves only LF movement that has a driving force, this analysis not only conforms to the last resort principle, but also explains why it is `undone` in LF. Moreover, the LF analysis provides support for the minimalist assumption that LF is the sole level at which interpretive conditions apply.