기존 수행되는 제방붕괴관련 연구는 댐붕괴 형태로 가정하여 해석하기 때문에 하도 내의 흐름을 반영하지 못하였다. 이러한 단점을 보완하기 위해 하도 내의 흐름을 반영할 수 있는 수리모형실험이 진행되었다. 하지만 붕괴부 내의 흐름을 파악하기에는 붕괴부가 발달함에 따라 측점이 이동하기 때문에 계측장비를 이용한 측정이 어려웠기 때문에 수리모형실험에서는 붕괴부의 유량이나 폭에 대한 연구가 대부분이였다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 하도흐름과 붕괴부 형상을 수치모의를 통해 재현한 후 붕괴부의 흐름특성을 분석하고자 하였다. 수치모의는 기존에 수행된 수리모형실험과 동일한 조건으로 수행하였으며 제방의 제원은 제방고 0.3 m 제방경사 1:2(H:L) 마루폭 0.3 m이다. 수리모형실험 결과를 이용하여 시간에 따른 붕괴형상을 FLOW-3D의 GMO(General Moving Object)의 기능을 이용하여 구현하였다. 수치모의와 수리모형실험에 대해서 붕괴유량과 하도수위를 비교하여 수치모의가 수리모형실험을 유사하게 재현함을 확인하였고 수치모의를 통해 도출된 유속분포를 이용하여 제체에 가해지는 외력을 분석함으로써 제방 붕괴의 발달 매커니즘을 분석할 수 있었다. 본 연구에서 도출된 결과를 이용하여 제방붕괴를 발달시키는 주요변수를 파악하면 제방붕괴에 대한 이론을 확립하는데 중요한 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 추후 붕괴부내 흐름뿐만 아니라 홍수터를 전파하는 흐름까지 재현하여 보다 정확한 침수면적을 예측하여 홍수 피해를 감소시키는 데 주요한 역할을 할 수 있을 것이다.

The purpose of this study, the type of rooftop learn more about the psychological benefits to users has been carried out, and healthy college students were examined in 40 patients. Conduct research to make the rooftop of the type of lawn, trees, ecological garden, wetland biotope, flowering plant in Seoul were divided into six groups. Measurement methods based on the type designation of the Planting and landscape photography by once the participants for each 10 minutes to watch and mood state tests (POMS) and the mean fractionation (SD), based on survey information about the psychological effects were correlated. Mood States test lawn, tree-oriented type, flowering plant stability in type, kindness, openness, and the effect of raising warme there was a tension, anxiety, depression, anger inhibition was effective. In contrast, depression and fatigue are common rooftop greening, respectively. The results in terms of the psychological effects of the type of rooftop garden ecology and wetland biotope than lawn, tree-oriented type, flowering plant types of users with a positive psychological effect seemed to be better.

Hydrophilic polymer is suitable as soil conditioners for green roofs that use rainwater, due to promotion of water retention capacity as well as enhancement of the water absorbing capacity. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of different levels of hydrophilic polymer concentrations (0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8% w/w) on the water holding capacity and growth response of 6 species in soils amended with hydrophilic polymer in 5 cm of soil thickness on green roofs. The results showed that the water holding capacity of the amended soil improved with increasing amount of applied polymer. The application of 0.8% w/w of the polymer increased the soil moisture by 87% compared to the control, and decreased slowly in green roofs during an arid period. The growth of Sedum spurium 'Dragon's blood' and Lampranthus spectabilis increased significantly and had greater than 60% relative coverage with higher hydrophilic polymer concentrations. However, Juniperus chinensis var. sargentii and Euonymus fortunei var. radicans had no significant differences upon change of hydrophilic polymer concentrations. In Carex kujuzana and Carex morrowii 'Aurea variegata', growth decreased with increase of hydrophilic polymer concentrations. 30 days after planting, Juniperus chinensis var. sargentii, Euonymus fortunei var. radicans, Carex kujuzana, and Carex morrowii 'Aurea variegata' died back due to lowest soil thickness (5 cm), but Sedum spurium 'Dragon's blood' and Lampranthus spectabilis had greater than 90% survival.

This study, the changes in physicochemical properties and hesperidin content of Jeju-processed citrus fruits according to the harvest date were evaluate. The soluble-solid content, pH, and soluble solid-acid ratios gradually increased , but titratable acidity slightly decreased with a delay in the harvest date. The color index, lightness, yellowness, and turbidity slightly decreased whereas the redness slightly increased with a delay in the harvest date. The hesperidin content slightly decreased with a delay in the harvest date. Hesperidin, which is the major cause of juice cloudiness, decreased with a delay in the harvest date. These results suggest that later-harvested fruit juice is bound to be less cloudy.

최근 이상기후 및 극한 홍수 발생 빈도의 증가로 수공구조물의 붕괴위험이 증가하고 있다. 그 중 70%가 제방이며 특히 월류에 의한 붕괴가 40%에 달한다. 따라서 좀 더 효과적으로 홍수를 예측하고 피해를 줄이기 위하여 수리모형실험의 필요성이 대두되고 있다. 붕괴 모형을 기존에 모래로 축조하여 수행하는 실험은 시간과 인력의 소모가 심하여 경제적으로 비효율적이라는 단점이 있다. 따라서 좀 더 경제적이고 효율적으로 하기 위하여 수치모형을 통하여 해석을 하였다. 수치모의에 사용된 제방 모형의 형태는 10Cm의 정방형 형태를 한 셀로 하여 구성하였다. 각 셀의 이동은 3D스캐너로 측정한 수리실험 형상의 자료를 Kriging의 방식으로 보간하여 셀별 속도를 산정하여 수치모의 조건으로 적용하였다. 이동상 제방 모형의 길이는 2m로 하고 높이는 0.3m 사면경사는 1：2로 제작하였다. FLOW-3D를 통하여 수치모의를 한 결과 모래로 쌓은 제방을 이용한 수리실험과 유사한 수위와 월류량을 나타내었다. 따라서 좀 더 간편화된 수치모형을 통하여서 홍수의 메커니즘을 이해 할 수 있으며 수위와 월류량을 예측할 수 있을 것이다.

This study was to assess the lifetime cancer and non-cancer risk of exposure of worker and user at public facilities in Korea to volatile organic compounds (VOCs). We measured the concentrations of two aldehydes and five VOCs in indoor air at 424 public buildings that 8 kinds of public facilities (70 movie theaters, 86 offices, 86 restaurants, 70 academies, 22 auditoriums, 30 PC-rooms, 30 singing-rooms and 30 bars) all over the country. There were estimated the human exposure dose and risks with averages of the using-time and frequency for facility users and office workers, respectively. Carcinogens (formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and benzene) were estimated the lifetime excess cancer risks (ECRs). non-carcinogens (toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, and styrene) were estimated the hazard quotients (HQs). The average ECRs of formaldehyde and benzene for facility worker and user were 1×10-3~1×10-4 and 1×10-4~1×10-5 level, respectively, in all facilities. HQs of four non-carcinogens did not exceed 1.0 for all subjects in all facilities. The estimated ECRs for restaurant and auditorium were the highest, and the PC-room and bar were the next higher facilities. Furthermore, people in a smoking facility had the highest cancer risk. Higher ECRs of formaldehyde and benzene were observed in indoor smoking facilities such as restaurant and auditorium. Higher HQs of toluene and xylene were observed at the restaurant and office building.