Background : Scrophularia koraiensis is a herbaceous perennials belonging to the family Scrophulariaceae. This study was carried out to survey the effect of LED on root develop characteristics in Scrophularia koraiensis seedling. Methods and Results : Seeds were collected from plants growing in the Mt. Kariwang Jeongseon, Gangwon-do in September 2014, and they were sown to 128 cell plug tray filled with Peatmoss (TKS-2) soil at March, 2015. The experiment was performed with three different LED (Blue, Red, Blue + Red) at July, 2015. Morphological characteristics of root (total root length, root projet area, root surface area, root diameter and root volume) were analyzed with WinRHIZO software. Seedling root growth of scrophularia koraiensis was surveyed to be the highest at the Blue + Red LED in all measuring. Total root length was measured high in the order of Blue + Red, Red, Blue LED. Conclusion : According to the results, Scrophularia koraiensis seedling showed the highest root growth in Blue + Red LED.

Lespedeza species are mainly used for wildlife food and cover and for erosion control. The germination of these species can be enhanced after a fire occurrence in forest, which is known as fire-activated seeds to germinate. While the heat treatment could break seed dormancy of Lespedeza, its germination rate was quite low. We investigated that chemical scarification could promote germination of L. tomentosa. Seeds were soaked in 100% sulfuric acid (H2SO4) for 0, 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 96, 192, and 384 min, and then washed in distilled water for 24 h. Very few seeds were germinated in control (H2SO4 for 0 min). More than 90% of seeds were germinated in H2SO4 for 24, 48, and 92 min. However, some damage was observed in roots and cotyledons of seedling dipped in H2SO4 for a long time. To search the optimal soaking time in H2SO4 without defects, seeds scarified in H2SO4 for 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, and 300 min were sown the commercial soil medium. Seeds treated with H2SO4 for 90 min and 150 min emerged by about 92% and 84%, respectively. Therefore, H2SO4 treatment could break the seed dormancy of Lespedeza species, and especially in case of L. tomentosa the optimal treatment time in sulfuric acid was one to two hours. Germination of L. tomentosa began promptly following the scarification and was completed within about one month, indicating that seeds has no physiological dormancy, just has physical dormancy.

This research is written for offering an approach to activate the stagnated industry of the tourist farm through analysis of the current operational problems and situation on some existing tourist farm nominated as such by the authority. There will be some considerations from three different categories : local autonomous groups, tourist farm associations and farm owners. On the other hand, it is assumed that this research can also be utilized as a basic material for activating the tourist farms in the suburban area of Taegu City. The operational problems in the suburban area of Taegu City are as follows : lack of a specialized Product development, the farm operation fund, lack of operational or management ability, lack of public information, etc. There are other Problems regarding law, institution and supporting : complexity of the current system involving all kinds of permission, shortage of financial and taxation supporting, lack of training an expert manpower, lack of ability and cooperation of a deskclerk in charge, etc. Here are some suggestions taking into consideration a respective sector of local autonomous group, tourist farm associations and farm owners for activating the tourist farms in the suburban area of Taegu City. First, a mental turnabout toward a tourist farm is needed from local autonomous groups. The law and institutional base should be arranged while the financial and taxation support is materialized. Second, tourist farm associations should amend or reinforce the existing institution to refresh the current recognition toward the tourist farm through many publicity activities. On the other hand, they should develop the overall tourist farm industry into a better service industry of the rural community by keeping an active system of cooperation with other related groups. Finally, It is advised that they should conceive farms and facilities which can symbolize the tourist farm from the stage of the first construction. In addition to a four-season souvenir development, an effective publicity activity and rational investment management. Above all, they should train themselves in terms of a service spirit before they see the prosperity of the tourist farm community.

본 시험은 지하부 수량성 증대를 위한 천궁(川芎)의 체계적이고 종합적인 재배법을 확립하고, 지하부의 수량증대와 생산성 증대를 도모하고자 시험을 수행한 결과 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 토천궁(土川芎)의 근수량은 짚, 백색비닐, 흑색비닐 피복구 순으로 생체중 및 건물중이 증가하는 경향을 나타냈다. 차광처리에 따른 토천궁의 지하부 생육특성에서는 백색차광에서 개체당 근경중, 세근중이 가장 높게 나타났다. 일천궁(日川芎) (Cnidium officinale)의 피복처리에 따른 지하부의 건물중은 무처리구에서 20.4 g 으로 가장 낮았고, 흑색비닐 피복구가 27.7 g으로 가장 높았다. 일천궁(日川芎)의 차광처리에 따른 지하부의 건물중은 백색차광 처리구에서 21.1 g으로 가장 높았고, 흑색비닐 처리구에는 16.3 g으로 가장 낮았다. 근경의 직경은 백색차광 처리구 (26. 1mm)가, 근장은 흑색차광 처리 구 (71. 9 mm)가 가장 높았다. 일천궁(日川芎)에 있어서 흑색비닐 피복은 무처리에 비해 36%의 건물중 증가를 가져 왔다.

천궁(川芎)의 재배조건별 생육특성을 파악하기 위하여 토천궁(土川芎)과 일천궁(日川芎) 각각에 대하여 재식거리별, 근중별 시험을 수행한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 재식밀도에 따른 토천궁(土川芎) (Ligusticum chuanxiong)의 지하부 생육특성으로서 건물중은 50×15cm에서 32.9 g으로 가장 작았고, 50×20cm에서 34.4 g, 50×25cm에서 36.5 g으로 가장 높게 나타났다. 근경의 무게에 따른 지하부의 생육특성으로는 생체중이 10g 이하(以下)에서 35.7 g으로 가장 작게 나타났고 , 25 g 이하(以下)에서 45.9 g으로 가 장 높게 나타났다. 일천궁의 재식밀도에 따른 지하부의 생육 특성은 근수량에 있어서 50×15cm의 처리구 에서 18.7 g(건물중) 으로 가장 낮은 수치를 보였으며, 50×25cm의 처리구에서 24 g(건물중) 으로 가장 높은 수치를 나타냈지만 처리 간 유의성은 인정되지 않았다. 일천궁(日川芎)의 근경중에 따른 지하부의 생육특성을 보면 개체당 근경의 생근중은 10 g이하 에서 27 g으로 가장 낮았고, 25 g에서 43.4 g으로 가장 높게 나타났으나 처리간 유의성은 인정되지 않았다. 전체 생근중에 있어서는 10 g이하가 43.9 g로 가장 낮고 , 25 g 이상이 94.6 g으로 가장 높게 나타났다.

This study is to develop the technology and the ways of the practical use of the integrated digital map of and Electronical Navigational Chart(ENC) and Digital Terrain Map(DTM) for the effective and scientific based conservation, development and management. In this study, as preliminary studies to make eventual integrated maps, the concept of coastal areas are defined and the characteristics of digital maps developed by Korean Geography Institute and National Marine Investigation Institute are carefully analyzed. A test coastal map was developed based on the integrated digital map, a high resolution satellite image and Global Positioning System. Results from the edge matching analysis of coastal lines shows 8 meters difference in maximum. The problems, causes and solutions for the edge matched differences are described. Furthermore, the practical value of utilization, future use and various field of application are described based on the integrated digital map data base of coastal area.

Percicarp anatomy of Fagophrum was examined on the basis of 12 species and two subspecies to contribute to a better understanding of specific phylogenetic relationship within genus. Examined species have a similar mature pericarp structure, but differences among the species are found with respect to whether or not sclerotic cells are present, and what kind of is the sclerotic cell shape in theexocarp. By the comparisons with pericarp anatomical structure, they are classified into three groups. First clade is composed of F. esculentum , F. esculentum ssp. ancestralis and F. homotropicum ; second clade is consisted of F. tataricum, F. tataricum ssp. potanini and Fl cymosum ; third clade is composed of f. callianthum,F. capillatum, F. gracilipes, F. leptopodum, F.lineare, F. pleioramosum, F.statice and F.urophyllum. The phylogey based on pericarp characters was considerably consistent with ones proposed by previous authors. It also suggested that pericarp characters are useful informatino for deduceing phylogenetic phylogenetic realtionship within geneus Fagopyrum. On the other hand, morphological character evolution indicated that there are tow synapomorphies in genus. There,it was suggested that these species having selfing and homostylous characters are evolved form heterostylous and ourcrossing species.