Considering the difficulties of the manufacturing industry by improving production efficiency in the era of high wages and aging in domestic automation facilities, automation facilities are considered an irreversible trend, but many serious related disasters are occurring due to the problems of increasing automation facilities due to the enlargement of manufacturing processes, line-up, and automation. The purpose of this study is to review the usage conditions and safety measures for industrial robots that are experiencing serious industrial accidents and are expected to continue to increase in facilities among automation facilities at the automation industrial site and propose ways to ensure the fundamental safety of the facilities at all times The suggestions are as follows. The purpose is to prevent safety accidents in advance by applying safety door aids to industrial sites and installing additional safety devices in safety slide door lock systems applied to safety fence doors of new and already installed facilities to detach safety keys and ensure that workers carry them at all times.

섬쥐똥나무는 울릉도의 숲 지대에 자생하는 한국 특산식물 이다. 본 연구는 섬쥐똥나무 종자의 휴면유형을 분류하기 위 하여 GA3 처리(0, 10, 100, 1000mg･L-1), 저온층적처리(5℃에 서 0, 4, 8, 10주), move along test를 수행하였다. 각각 처리 한 종자는 25℃로 유지되는 생장상에서 25μmol･m-2 ･s-1의 광 도로 16시간 일장조건에서 배양하였다. 섬쥐똥나무 종자는 배 가 완전히 성숙한 상태로 탈리되며, 불투수성이 존재하지 않 았지만, 무처리 상태에서 4주동안 발아하지 않았다. 따라서 섬쥐똥나무 종자는 생리적 휴면을 가지고 있는 것으로 판단하 였다. GA3 처리실험 결과 각 처리(0, 10, 100, 1000mg･L-1)별 로 최종발아율은 각각 30.0, 40.0, 53.3, 38.3%를 기록하였다. 저온처리 실험결과 모든 처리구에서 저온이 끝나고 15-16주의 시간이 지난 다음 발아를 시작하였다. 온도 처리별 실험결과 15℃처리에서 6주만에 발아를 시작하여 17주차에 약 88.3%, 20℃ 처리에서는 13주차에 발아를 시작하여 19주차에 약 Fig. 6. Germination of Ligustrum foliosum seeds as affected by light conditions. Seeds were incubated at 15℃ under light (16 h) or dark conditions during 11 weeks after soaking seeds in 1000 mg·L-1 GA3 solution for 24 h. Control seeds were soaked in distilled water for 24 h. Error bars indicate mean ± SE of three replications. www.ijfs.org Flower Res. J. (2017) 25(3) : 124-132 131 98.8%, 25→20→15℃처리는 15주차에 발아를 시작하여 17주 차에 약 98.8%, 5→15→20℃처리는 16주차에 발아를 시작하 여 20주차에 약 31.6%, 25℃에서는 17주차에 발아를 시작하 여 20주차에 약 38.3%의 최종발아율을 기록하였다. 반면, 5℃ 처리에서는 발아가 이루어지지 않았다. 위 결과들을 종합해보 면 섬쥐똥나무 종자는 생리적 휴면을 가지고 있고, 세부 유형 으로 non-deep PD 유형을 가지고 있는 것으로 판단된다.

수목원은 자연에서 생육하는 식물의 조사, 수집, 증식 보전을 통해 식물 종을 보전하고 식물 관련연구를 수행하며 식물을 일정한 야외나 실외 공간에 전시하여 국민들에게 식물에 대한 교육과 휴식공간을 제공하는 시설물이라고 정의 하고 있다. 이러한 수목원의 비시장적인 가치를 추정하기 위해 CVM 기법을 이용하여 대구수목원의 경제적 가치를 추정하였다. 가치추정의 방법은 대상재의 설정, 지불수단의 결정, 지불의사 유도 방법 결정, 가상적 상황설정, 설문, 분석, 추정액 도출의 순서로 진행하였으며 대구광역시에서 운영하는 대구수목원의 비시장적인 환경의 가치를 현재의 통화액으로 추정하기 위해 수행 되었다. 가치 추정은 DBDC방식으로 진행 하였으며 분석의 방법은 도출된 추정치가 비교적 안정적으로 알려진 logit분포를 가정한 함수의 분포 형태별로 각각의 추정액을 도출 하였다. 통계적 적합성을 바탕으로 1인당 대구수목원을 방문하여 얻는 연간 휴양의 가치는 WTPmean 12,718원, WTP median 11,033원, WTPtruncated mean 11,468원으로 추정할 수 있었다. 이를 토대로 대구수목원이 제공하는 연간 환경의 가치는 약 160억 원에서 190억 원으로 추정 할 수 있다. 이러한 대구수목원의 환경에 대한 가치추정법은 그 연구 대상지나 대상 재화만 변경하여서 기타의 환경재 가치 추정에도 충분히 적용 가능할 것으로 판단한다.

This paper describes the experiments for investigating the effects of thermal stability of several commercial carpet mate materials. The melting point and thermal decomposition temperature was measured by means of a differential scanning calorimeter(DSC) in air condition. The DSC data and burning test results of nylon bulked continuous filament(N-BCF) yarn 100%, nylon(NY), polypropylene(PP), and a new material named polytrimethyleneterephthalate(PTT) were analysed to obtain the effect on their thermal stability. Conclusively, we observed that PTT and PP were approximately 380℃ and 240℃ to start the thermal decomposition, respectively. In other words, PTT is thermally the most stable material for carpet manufacturing.

The accidents occurred by unstable material which is easily exploded or burnt up were caused by heat and collision under the condition of relatively low temperature without oxygen, have been reported frequently. However, the amount of the unstable material is getting higher by development of fine ceramic research area even though its dangerous characteristic is disregarded. This research studied a heat stability and measured boiling point of various carpet material. Carpet has been used in home as well as general indoor usage. Now a day, carpet material which is hardly burnt has been on commercial, but its detailed unstable conditions is not mentioned. This research reports the measurement of the initial temperature of generation heat and heat-radiation change on differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The DSC data of nylon bulked continuous filament (N-BCF) yam 100%, nylon (NY), poly propylene (PP), and a new material named polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT) are studied and researched about the effect of them using TGA, furnace, and direct-burning experiment.

The Purpose of this study was to establish the belter residential environment in Apt. complex. In this study, the management consciousness of exterior space and the degree of satisfaction were investigated and analyzed on the GI-SAN Apt. complex in Taegu city. The data were obtained through the questionnaire survey about the exterior space of Apt. complex and analyzed by the SPSS/PC. The results of this analysis are as follow; The result of the image analysis were the cleanness factor and the arrangement factor, which have great influenced in residents image of exterior space. The dissatisfaction source of the management conditions were owing to the lake of management techniques and the discord of residents. The subject of management in the residents consciousness was the management office. In additionally, the management form by the residents were highly showed the cleaning and weeding. The main issues of their dissatisfaction about the exterior space was the lake of size, quantity of plants and rest space. The place of the most demand on management was investigated the children playground which was regarded to be the most damaged.

생물 다양성을 유지하고 기후 변화를 조절하는 데에 중심적인 역할을 하는 열대림에는 식품 또는 의약품 개발 등 산업적으로 이용 가능한 자원 식물이 풍부하다. 이들을 활용하기 위하여 열대 및 아열대 식물의 보존 및 증식에 관한 연구가 필요한데, 국내에서는 이에 관한 연구가 미비한 실정이다. 본 연구는 국립 수목원 열대식물자원연구센터가 2013년부터 미얀마 천연자원 환경보전부(Ministry Of Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation)와 미얀마 산림과학원(Forest Research Institute)과 함께 미얀마 보호지역 및 Sagging 지역 내 식물 다양성 보존을 위한 공동 현장 조사, 연구 및 출판 등의 협력사업을 진행하고 있는 정보를 제공하고자 한다. 국립수목원과 미얀마 산림과학원 공동연구의 성과로 2018년 12월 미얀마 산림과학원으로부터 미얀마 유용 및 관상식물 65과 326종의 식물 생체 및 표본 등을 기증받아 국립수목원 열대식물자원연구센터에 보존과 교육 목적으로 전시 중이다. 이 기증은 미얀마에서 식물 생체를 국외로 반출한 첫 번째 사례이며, 국립수목원은 2008년 독일에서 열대식물을 기증받은 사례 다음으로 두 번째로 외국 정부의 공식적인 대량 식물 도입 사례다. 도입한 식물 중 Santalum album L.은 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (IUCN, 2017)에 취약종으로 분류되어 있다. 본 연구 결과를 토대로 열대 및 아열대 식물의 생육에 적합한 인공 환경을 구명하고 국내의 실내 정원소재 및 미세먼지, 공기정화 능력을 가진 열대식물 의 발굴하고 추후 열대 및 아열대 식물의 보존 및 증식 방법과 더 나아가 생물 다양성 보존 및 산업적 이용을 위한 연구에 박차를 가할 수 있을 것이다.

본 연구는 각시괴불나무 종자의 휴면유형과 발아특성을 구 명하기 위하여 수행되었다. 수분흡수 실험결과, 각시괴불나무 종자는 수분흡수가 원활히 이루어졌다. 따라서, 물리적 휴면은 가지지 않는 것으로 판단된다. 각시괴불나무 종자는 탈리 시점에 미숙배를 가지고 있으며, 발아직전까지 배/종자 비율이 약 46% 증가하였다. 온도실험결과, 5℃에서는 발아가 전혀 이루어지지 않았다. 20℃에서는 파종 후 1주부터 발아가 시작되었으며 최종 발아율은 2주차에 86.7%였다. 15℃에서는 파종 후 2주부터 발아를 시작하였으며, 최종 발아율은 4주차에 75.0%였다. 25℃에서 파종 후 1주부터 발아가 시작되었으며 최종 발아율은 19주차에 48.3%였다. 결론적으로, 각시괴불나무 종자의 발아를 위한 최적온도는 가장 높은 최종 발아율과 가장 짧은 평균 발아 일수를 나타낸 20℃이다. 각시괴불나무 종자는 5℃를 제외 한 모든 온도에서 4주 이내에 발아하였기 때문에 생리적 휴면은 관찰되지 않았다. 따라서, 각시괴불나무 종자는 오직 형태적 휴면만을 가지는 것으로 판단되었다.

A Hosta cultivar ‘Neulpureum 1’ was bred at the Korea National Arboretum, which produces new cultivars using vegetative propagation techniques. The new cultivar ‘Neulpureum 1’ was derived by crossing Hosta minor with Hosta ‘Krossa Regal’. Among the induced leaf-color- and shape-modified hosta plants, the plants that exhibited deep-green color and small-bended leaves were selected. ‘Neulpureum 1’ maintained the deep-green leaves for longer than Hosta ‘Krossa Regal’. Additionally, the plant height of ‘Neulpureum 1’ was shorter than that of Hosta ‘Krossa Regal’ and several leaves were observed on the new cultivar; therefore, it is likely to be used as a pot plant. The botanical characteristics were investigated for three years beginning 2012. A Hosta ‘Neulpureum 1’ can prove to be useful as a material for a pot plant or as ground cover plant at half-shadow place.

Tiarella polyphylla D. Don is a native plant distributed only in Ulleung Island in Korea and has been traditionally used for medicinal purposes, although it is also used ornamentally. This study was conducted to determine the requirements for dormancy break and germination and to classify the type of seed dormancy. The experiments were performed with cold stratification (0 or 12 weeks at 5℃), warm stratification (0, 4, 8, or 12 weeks at 23℃, followed by 8 weeks at 5℃, and then incubation at 23℃), and GA3 treatments (0, 10, 100, or 1000 ㎎/L). The treated seeds were incubated on aseptic media at room chamber (23℃, a 16h photoperiod of fluorescent lamps with 40 μmol ․ m-2 ․ s-1). The seeds were dispersed in nature as underdeveloped embryos with no physical barrier to absorb water to prevent water absorption. However, the seeds did not germinate for 30 days after sowing without any pre-treatments. Thus, the seeds had morphological dormancy (MD) and physiological dormancy (PD). The final germination percentage following cold stratification (0 or 12 weeks) was 66.7% and 45.6%, respectively. The cold stratification delayed seed germination by about 3 weeks. In the warm stratification experiment (0, 4, 8, or 12 weeks), the final germination percentage was 21.1%, 27.8%, 41.1%, and 57.8%, respectively, 20 weeks after sowing. The embryos of the T. polyphylla seed grew in relatively warm temperatures (23℃). GA3 application overcame seed dormancy and promoted germination. Following GA3 treatment (0, 10, 100, or 1000 ㎎/L), the final germination percentage was 33.3%, 45.0%, 42.5%, and 72.5%, respectively. These results suggest that the T. polyphylla seeds had non-deep simple morphophysiological dormancy (MPD) and GA3 treatment could be used as a substitute for warm stratification for breaking seed dormancy. To our knowledge, this is the first report of seed dormancy characteristics of the genus Tiarella native to Korea.

This study was aimed at determining the changes in heavy metal removal efficiency at different acid concentrations in a micro-nanobubble soil washing system and pickling process that is used to dispose of heavy metals. For this purpose, the initial and final heavy metal concentrations were measured to calculate the heavy metal removal efficiency 5, 10, 20, 30, 60, and 120 min into the experiment. Soil contaminated by heavy metals and extracted from 0~15 cm below the surface of a vehicle junkyard in the city of U was used in the experiment. The extracted soil was air-dried for 24 h, after which a No. 10 (2 mm) was used as a filter to remove large particles and other substances from the soil as well as to even out the samples. As for the operating conditions, the air inflow rate in the micro-nano bubble soil washing system was fixed at 2 L/min,; with the concentration of hydrogen peroxide being adjusted to 5%, 10%, or 15%. The treatment lasted 120 min. The results showed that when the concentration of hydrogen peroxide was 5%, the efficiency of Zn removal was 27.4%, whereas those of Ni and Pb were 28.7% and 22.8%, respectively. When the concentration of hydrogen peroxide was 10%, the efficiency of Zn removal was 38.7%, whereas those of Ni and Pb were 42.6% and 28.6%, respectively. When the concentration of hydrogen peroxide was 15%, the efficiency of Zn removal was 49.7%, whereas those of Ni and Pb were 57.1% and 42.6%, respectively. Therefore, the efficiency of removal of all three heavy metals was the highest when the hydrogen peroxide concentration was 15%.

Background : This study was carried out to survey the effect of IBA (indole-3-butric acid) concentration on root development characteristics in Viburnum dilatatum cuttings. Methods and Results : The cuttings were collected on July 28, 2016 from plants growing in Korea National Arboretum. Cuttings were treated with different IBA concentrations [0 (control), 10, 100, 1000, 2000 ㎎⋅L-¹] for 10 seconds. Rooting parameters (root number, the longest root length, root fresh weight, root dry weight, rooting percentage, and survival rate) were observed at 8 weeks after cuttings. Rooting percentage was 43, 33, 17, 47, and 40 % at 0, 10, 100, 1000, and 2000 ㎎⋅L-¹ of IBA, respectively. Root number (13.4) was highest under 1000 ㎎⋅L-¹ IBA. Root length (9.4 ㎝) and Root weight (fresh and dry) were highest under 1000 ㎎⋅L-¹ IBA. Conclusion : According to the results, 1000 ㎎⋅L-¹ IBA was the best treatment for increasing percentage rooting percentage and other root development characteristics of V. dilatatum cuttings.

Background : Clematis trichotoma is a deciduous climber belonging to the family Ranunculaceae. This study was carried out to survey the effect of shading levels on growth characteristics in Clematis trichotoma seedling. Methods and Results : Seeds were collected from plants growing in the Mt. Kariwang Jeongseon, Gangwon-do in October 2013, and they were sown to 96 cell plug tray filled with Peatmoss (TKS-2) soil at March, 2015. The experiment was performed with four different shading levels (0, 30, 60, 90%) at July, 2015. According to the experiment, plant height was the highest under 90% of shading. It was found that fresh weight and dry weight of clematis trichotoma were the highest under 90% of shading. The leaf number was the highest under 30% of shading. The leaf number decreased as the shading level increased. Root number and length were the highest under 90% of shading. Conclusion : According to the results, Clematis trichotoma seedling showed the highest growth under 90% shading.

Background : Scrophularia koraiensis is a herbaceous perennials belonging to the family Scrophulariaceae. This study was carried out to survey the effect of soil types on growth characteristics in Scrophularia koraiensis seedling. Methods and Results : Seeds were collected from plants growing in the Mt. Kariwang Jeongseon, Gangwon-do in September 2014, and they were sown to 128 cell plug tray filled with Peatmoss (TKS-2) soil at March, 2015. The experiment was performed with four different soil types (Peatmoss, Peatmoss + Perlite, Peatmoss + Granite soil, Commercial soil). According to the experiment, stem diameter was the highest under commercial soil. The leaf width and length were the highest under commercial soil. Main root diameter and lengh were the highest under commercial soil. Conclusion : According to the results, Scrophularia koraiensis seedling showed the highest growth in commercial soil.