광릉요강꽃(Cypripedium japonicum Thunb.)은 한국, 중국, 일본에 분포하는 동아시아 특산식물로, 지구 수준의 IUCN Red List “위기(Endangered, EN)”로 평가되며, 한국의 국가 Red List에서는 “멸종위기(Critically Endangered, CR)”에 포함된다. 본 연구는 광릉요강꽃 자생지에서 7년 동안 수행된 개체통계학적(demographic) 모니터링 자료를 바탕으로 개체군 구조 및 변화양상을 분석하고, 개체군의 지속성에 대하여 예측하였다. 광릉요강꽃은 국내 7개 지역(포천, 가평, 화천, 춘천, 영동, 무주, 광양)에서 자생지가 관찰되었고, 15개 아개체군에 4,356개체가 생육하는 것으로 확인되었다. 개체군 크기 및 구조는 지역별로 상이하였으며, 인위적 관리가 개체군 크기 및 구조 변화에 중요한 영향을 미치고 있었다. 7년 동안 개체 수 변화를 모니터링한 결과 광릉요강꽃의 개체군 생존력(Population Viability Analysis, PVA)은 지역별로 다양한 경향을 보였다: 향후 1세기 안에 멸절할 가능성은 포천 0.00%, 광양 10.90%, 춘천 24.05%, 화천 79.50%로 예측되었다. 모니터링이 수행된 위 연구지역은 현지 내 보호시설로 인위적 출입을 제한하고 있어 광릉요강꽃의 최대 위협요인인 인위적 남획 변수가 개체군 생존력에 반영되지 않았다. 즉, 실질적인 멸절 위험도는 본 연구에서 추정된 값보다 현저하게 클 것으로 예상된다. 국내 광릉요강꽃 개체군의 멸절위험도의 객관적 판단을 위해서는 향후 다양한 위협요인이 있는 여러 지역의 개체군 정보가 반영될 필요가 있으며, 국내·외로 광릉요강꽃 개체군에 대한 개체통계학적 모니터링을 확대해 나가야 할 것이다.

In addition to physical risks such as electrical, chemical, and mechanic ones in the workplace, psychosocial risks are also raising as an important issue in recent years in connection with human rights and work-life balance policies. The purpose of this study is to confirm the degree of effect of the psychosocial risk management plan at the workplace on workers through logistic regression analysis. Input data for logistic regression analysis is the results of a survey of 4,558 people conducted by the Institute for Occupational Safety and Health were used. There are 9 independent variables, including the change a workplace and confidential counseling, and the dependent variable is whether the worker feels the effect on the psychosocial risk management plan. As a result of this study, changes in work organization, dispute resolution procedures, provision of education program, notification of the impact of psychosocial risks on safety and health, and the persons in charge of solving psychosocial problems are shown effective in reducing worker’s psychosocial risks. This study drives which of the management plans implemented to reduce the psychosocial risk of workers in the workplace are effective, so it can contribute to the development of psychosocial risk management plans in the future.

To obtain information on the indoor air quality of un-disinfected libraries used for paper records preservation, temperature, humidity, and bacterial concentration and species were investigated at five un-disinfected libraries from May to September in 2019 in the National Archives, Seoul (Nara Repository), Korea. Temperature and humidity of all the five un-disinfected libraries were well maintained at 18-22oC and 40-55% in compliance with the National Archives Paper Records Preservation Environment Standard. Bacterial concentration ranged from 2 CFU/m3 up to 280 CFU/m3 which were lower than the Korean indoor air quality standard value. A total of 68 bacterial species belonging to 33 genera were identified from indoor air of the five un-disinfected libraries. Among the 33 genera, Bacillus, Micrococcus, and Staphylococcus were the major genera. Only Micrococcus yunnanensis, Roseomonas mucosa, and Moraxella osloensis were commonly found among the five un-disinfected libraries. Bacterial species producing colonies with color on TSA media were present. Among the 68 species, Bacillus circulans and B. megaterium known to produce cellulases were found. There were also 17 species which have harmful effect on human health. The results of this study indicate that continuous monitoring of air borne bacteria is necessary in the un-disinfected libraries used for paper records preservation.

Demand for cosmetics with functionality and eco-friendliness has increased dramatically due to recent aging, well-being trends, and increased interest in beauty. Cosmetics production in 2014 was 8,970.4 billion won, an increase of about 50% compared to 6,014.6 billion won in 2010. In the midst of this, similar companies in intense competition are pursuing differentiated strategies and innovation activities to solve quality, price and delivery problems. In particular, cosmetics packaging work is getting more difficult due to the increasing bill of materials (BOM) and difficult assembly methods. Therefore, in this study, the following problems were identified and suggestions for the improvement of the packaging Many research laboratories such as biotechnology, chemistry, and pharmaceuticals, which are undergoing various studies, are equipped with ready-made laboratory safety equipments such as bio-safety workbenches, aseptic bases, and exhaust workbenches. However, most researchers are disadvantaged in using existing safety equipment. This is because existing safety equipment can not take into account all of the unique characteristics of the research. For this reason, researchers are demanding the development of customized safety equipment that is well suited to their research needs. process of Company C, which is facing difficult situation to respond to the customer 's delivery due to the 52 - hour work week. First, we used the stopwatch to find the difficulty process in the packaging process and show ways to improve it. Second, to improve the efficiency of line balancing in the packaging process, we integrate processes, improve work methods, and perform simple automation. As a result, the prepare loss for replacement was reduced by 1 minute from 5 minutes, resulting in a 23% increase in productivity from 112 ea./hour to 137ea./ hour per person. At this time, the LOB of the packaging process was improved from 70% to 82% by operating one more production line through one person per line, total 9 people saving.

Automobiles are largely divided into passenger cars with less than five passengers and commercial vehicles such as construction machines, trucks, mixers, special lorries, and large buses. Automobile maintenance companies are also divided into passenger cars and commercial vehicles. Because commercial vehicles are the livelihood vehicles of individual carriers engaged in cargo transportation, passenger transportation, and construction, fast and accurate maintenance is important. Access to the expressway is also important because the car is large and uses highways. In addition, the time required for troubleshooting is long, so sufficient space must be secured for parking the vehicle, and ease of entry and exit of the vehicle in the maintenance shop should be fully considered. For this reason, commercial vehicle maintenance companies have higher initial investment costs than car maintenance companies, and it is difficult to supply and maintain maintenance personnel. Therefore, it is necessary to carefully examine and analyze various related factors for successful commercial vehicle maintenance company selection. However, most existing commercial vehicle maintenance companies often choose their location based on the empirical judgment of the founder, the customs and the case, without a clear analysis. In this study, we show how to derive the location selection factors to be considered when establishing professional maintenance company for commercial vehicles and to select the optimal location by using AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) method.

The customer of massage chair is expanding day by day from middle age to all ages. In 2018, the market size was 700 billion KRW, an increase of 30 times over 10 years. However, most related SMEs suffer from excessive competition by the market monopoly of some major companies. In this situation, in order for a related company to survive, it is necessary to steadily research and develop new products. Founded in 2009, company L produces massage chairs for health and relaxation of customers. L’s products use a sound wave vibration module that is favorable for human body, unlike other products that use vibration motor type. However, frequent breakdowns of massage chair due to the vulnerability of plate (leaf) springs, which play an important role in sound wave vibration modules, made sap its competitiveness. In this paper, we propose a method to design desirable plate spring structure by sequentially experimenting with five different plate springs. The results of this study are expected to contribute to improve the quality of plate spring and the reliability of sound wave vibration module. In the future, it is necessary to find a way to use it in the development of foot massage or scalp management device as well as continuous research to find optimal plate spring structure through various analysis.