The purpose of this study were to investigate the state of indoor environmental factors and energy consumption during winter in residential houses and to analyze factors which influenced this environment. Energy consumptions and indoor environmental factors of this survey were conducted in 21 houses(apartment, 11 and detached houses,10) between December, 2010 and February, 2011 which measured energy consumptions and indoor environmental factors as well as kept records of interviews with residents and other related factors. The results obtained were as follows. Indoor environmental factors which were found to influence apartment houses higher than detached houses. The average gas consumption of detached houses(90.98³) was higher than that of apartment houses(76.33³). Gas consumption showed positive correlations to temperature and carbon dioxide in the residential houses. The mean concentration of PM₁₀, and CO₂ in large family were higher than those of small family. We found that the more gas consumption, the higher concentration of PM₁₀, CO₂ and temperature(p<0.01).

To promote use of nutrition labels, degrees of awareness, use, and satisfaction of nutrition labeling on eating-out menus were investigated by a self-recorded questionnaire from May to July 2010 in 629 participants who visited four bakery chains (n=409) and three ice-cream chains (n=220) located in Daejeon. Of the subjects 53.4% were female, 68.8% aged 20~29 years, and 59.3% visited bakery or ice-cream stores 1~3 times per month. Only 38.2% of participants had knowledge of nutrition-labeling mandates for eating-out menus, and 74.9% had seen labels before in bakery and ice-cream stores. Most subjects understood calorie amount and daily value of sodium very well, but they failed to understand the meaning of daily value. Only 21.2% of the subjects understood nutrition label information completely. Of the participants, 46.7% read nutrition labels in bakery or ice-cream stores when purchasing. Among the subjects who read the labels, 77.2% (36.1% of total subjects) referred to the label information when selecting a menu and 46.9% (21.9% of total subjects) had experienced altering their menu choice based on the information. Exactly 53.3% of subjects answered they did not read nutrition labels since they were not interested or had no time, or because the labels were not noticeable. Satisfaction of the place, timing, and format of nutrition labels at bakery and ice-cream stores fell below average overall. Many subjects wanted trans fat and cholesterol to be added to the labels. In conclusion, degrees of perception, use, and satisfaction of nutrition labels at bakery and ice-cream stores were still low. More effective publicity and consumer education about nutrition labeling will be necessary, and bakery or ice-cream companies should make efforts to improve nutrition labeling such as providing format and place.

The present study was designed to probe pedagogical viability of extensive reading as an effective alternative in English reading instruction. To accomplish the purpose, an English book club was formed, consisting of 40 high school students. The book club activity was held during four months of summer and winter vacations in 2009. The participants were encouraged to freely write anything in their reading logs they felt while reading. The reading logs and interviews were analyzed. They revealed effects of extensive reading and changes of the readers' cognitive and affective reading processes. According to the results, 1) extensive reading has potential to be a successful alternative in English reading instruction; 2) the readers could experience “amusement” and “absorption” by reading sufficient books with the i−1 level; and 3) extensive reading enabled them to choose their ways of reading and to be responsible for their choices.

The purpose of this thesis is to examine what changes students experience in the relationships between achievement-goal orientations and enjoyment of physical activities after they are instructed at youth soccer academies. This information would be useful