상호운용성은 IT업계의 화두이며, 소비자의 선택을 확대함으로써 경쟁적이고 혁신적인 IT생태계를 촉진하기 위한 중요한 목표이다. 이는 異기종시스템과 기기의 구성요소들이 서로 데이터와 정보를 교환하고 사용할 수 있는 능력을 말한다. 상호운용성은 대체가능성이나 호환성과는 구별된다. 상호운용성을 달성하는 방법에는 제품 설계, 업계의 협력, 지적재산권 라이선스 및 표준 구현 등의 방법이 있다. 표준은 그 중의 한 가지 방법일 뿐이므로 상호운용성은 표준 보다도 상위개념이다. 공개 표준은 기술 中立的인 개념으로서 특정 개발방식 및 라이선스 모델을 일컫는 오픈 소스는 구별되는 개념이다. 공개 표준은 전유 소프트웨어나 오픈소스 소프트웨어에서 모두 구현될 수 있다. 오픈 소스 진영에서는“상호운용=공개 표준 구현=오픈소스 소프트웨어”라는 식의 논리를 가지고 상호운용성을 달성하기 위한 유일한 방법이‘무상(royalty-free)조건의’공개 표준이고 공개 표준을 실현시키기 위한 가장 좋은 방법이 오픈 소스이며, 지적재산권을 강제 실시하는 방법을 통해 공개표준을 달성해야 한다고 주장한다. 그러나 공개 표준의 정의에 있어서 무상 라이선스 요건을 고집할 경우, 그 동안 지적재산권을 RAND 조건으로 라이선스 하는 방식을 통해 특허권자의 기대와 표준 참여자의 요구 사이에 성공적으로 유지해온 균형은 물론, 오랜 기간 동안 기술 표준의 개발 및 확산 및 기술혁신에 성공적이고 효과적으로 기여해 온 메커니즘을 위협함으로써 기술혁신과 경쟁 및 상호 운용성을 저해할 우려가 있다. 따라서 그러한 요건이 모든 공개 표준에 대한 정의로 제도화되어서는 아니 된다고 본다. 오히려 일부 오픈 소스는 자유로운 수정 변경가능성 및 GPL조건으로 인해 잠재적으로 상호운용성을 해할 수 있고 공개 표준의 구현을 배제할 가능성도 있다. 그렇지만 GNU GPL과 같은 라이선스 조건을 채택하지 아니한 오픈 소스는 RAND조건의 표준을 구현하는데 문제가 없다. 다양한 공개 표준을 바탕으로 한 경쟁관계를 통해 업계 주도하에 이루어지는 자발적인 표준 수립 노력이 가장 바람직한 방법이다. 정부는 상호운용성과 관련하여 기술 중립적인 정책을 견지하며, 장기적인 안목을 가지고 시장 내의 공정한 기술경쟁과 건전한 협력이 활성화될 수 있도록 노력하며 시장 개입여부는 신중하게 판단하는 것이 바람직하다.

Infrared color-color diagram of 10 giant molecular clouds are examined to explore the dust property from the COBE Diffuse Infrared Background Experiment of the 100, 140, and 240μm emission. Four of them, Taurus, Mon OB1, Gem OB1, and Chameleon, show the anti-correlation in R100/140−R140/240 plot and the horizontal distribution in R100/240−R140/240 plot, which disagree with those of theoretical calculation. These could be explained by the depletion of 100μm and the excess of 140μm emission, though no existing dust model could support them. Mean color temperature of the anti-correlation region appears to be lower than that of the linear region, whose temperatures are 15.3, 17.0 K, respectively. And the linear region shows large dispersion in the plot of intensity relation. Both imply that a star formation would be more active, but not homogeneous, in the linear region compared to the anti-correlation region.

This study was conducted to assess the effects of the gait training method in incomplete spinal cord injured persons using an auto-walking machine. Persons with incomplete spinal cord injury level C or D on the American Spinal Injury Association impairment scale participated for eight weeks in an auto-walking training program. The gait training program was carried out for 15 minutes, three times per day for 8 weeks with an auto-walking machine. The foot rests of the auto-walking machine can be moved forward, downward, backward and upward to make the gait pattern with fixed on crank. The patient's body weight is supported by a harness during waking training. We evaluated the gait speed, physiologic cost index, motor score of lower extremities and the WISCI (walking index for spinal cord injury) level before the training and after the forth and eighth week of walking training. 1. The mean gait speed was significantly increased from .22 m/s at pre-training to .28 m/s after 4 weeks of training and .31 m/s after 8 weeks of training (p=.004). 2. The mean physiologic cost index was decreased from 4.6 beats/min at pre-training to 3.0 beats/min after 4 weeks and 2.0 beats/min after 8 weeks of training, but it was not statistically significant (p=.140). 3. The mean motor score of lower extrernities was significantly increased from 29.8 to 35.8 after 8 weeks of training (p=.043). 4. The mean WISCI level was significantly increased from level 10 to level 19 after 8 weeks of training (p=.007). The results of this study suggest that the gait training program using the auto-walking machine increased the gait speed, muscle strength and galt pattern (WISCI level) in persons with incomplete spinal cord injury. A large, controlled study of this technique is warranted.

The DE405 ephemeride is introduced as TRAO solar ephemeris system to support the apparent coordinates of planets after 2000. The time delay between planets and observer has to be regarded to get the apparent position of planet. Some fast algorithms about time delay are suggested to reduce the computing time. The CSI method is applied to run these algorithms on any O/S including both real-time and run-time machine.

The beam size and the antenna efficiency of TRAO 14m radio telescope were measured at 86.2, 98.0 and 115.2 GHz. The beam size was determined by deconvolving the azimuthal scanning data of the Venus. To test the accuracy of our deconvolution method, the beam size at 86.2 GHz was compared with that determined from the mapping data of SiO maser line and we found no difference between them. With above beam sizes, antenna efficiencies were calculated from the continuum measurements of Venus, Jupiter and Moon. The beam efficiencies at these frequencies are appeared to be 0.49, 0.45 and 0.41, respectively. On the other hand, we also suggest that an automatic focus setting can be adopted for TRAO radio telescope based on the gradual change of best focus with elevation.

In order to reduce the small scale fluctuation resulting from shearing holograpy(Park et. al. 1997), differential panel adjustments were performed for 14 m radio telescope of Taeduk Radio Astronomy Observatory with T2 theodolite It appears that this method improves the surface accuracy by about 50μm 50μm . The measured surface accuracy is, at best, 170μm 170μm . The beam efficiency at 86.2 GHz is estimated to be 44% We also found that the elevation at which Park et. al. performed holography was too low.

We made 250 kHz filter bank based on FBS250 model designed by Millitech. It consists of 256 channels centered at 1391 MHz. The minimum detectable input level is -56 dBm/channel, and the maximum continuous integration time is about 1.3 seconds. This spectrometer can be operated in parallel or series mode with other spectrometers.

We have developed a measurement system with which harmful radio noise can be detected. It was designed to cover 1GHz band width centered at l.5GHz and 22.2GHz (H2O H2O line).The system consists of pyramid horn antennas, receivers, equatorial tracking system, spectrum analyzer, and PC for the control of the servo and data taking. As a test of the system, the site of Taeduk Radio Astronomy Observatory (TRAO) was investigated to see if there is any harmful radio interference. It is found that in 22GHz band there is no significant radio noise, but there are identified and unidentified artificial radio signals in 1-2GHz range. However a simple calculation of radiation power shows that it is week enough not to affect the observations in TRAO.