본 연구는 옥상녹화에 관한 국내 상위법, 지자체 조례 및 국외 사례를 분석하고 주된 경향을 파악함으로써 옥상녹화가 도시환경개선에 지속적으로 기여하기 위한 법 ･ 제도적인 개선방향을 제시하고자 하였다. 국내는 비교적 옥상녹화의 법적인 제도화가 진행된 단계이나 건축물 단위에만 직접적인 영향을 주고 있으므로 옥상녹화가 가진 도시적인 효과를 증진하기 위해서는 녹지를 도시적인 규모로 다루고 있는 법률들에서도 옥상녹화를 직접적으로 규정하는 것이 필요하며, 옥상녹화를 지표로 활용하는 대표적인 제도인 생태면적률이 현재의 권고적인 단계에서 발전하여 근거법을 갖도록 해야 한다. 또한 지자체의 규정들 대부분이 실행력이 매우 낮거나 간접적인 언급에 그치고 있어 이에 대한 개선도 시급할 것이다. 그럼에도 ‘공원녹지기본계획’ 등에서 도시녹화계획의 요소로 옥상녹화를 적용하려는 노력이 서울시 등을 필두로 시작하고 있다는 점은 긍정적이라 평가할 수 있다. 이는 옥상녹화를 하나의 건축물 혹은 필지 단위에서 조성하기 위한 기존의 계획방식에서 탈피하여 지구단위, 도시단위 등으로 계획 범위를 확대함과 동시에, 옥상녹화가 도시환경개선에 밀접하게 연관되도록 조성하게 됨을 의미하기 때문이다. 향후 옥상녹화가 열섬완화, 우수유출저감, 생물다양성 확보, 녹색 인프라 기능제고 등을 위하여 보다 심도있는 법적 개선사항들에 관한 연구들과 아직은 국내에서 부족한 각 지자체별 특성에 맞는 도시구조적, 기후적, 지형적 변수들을 조사하고, 이를 통합하여 도시계획을 위한 모델로 활용하는 연구 등도 필요할 것이다.

수조가 지하에 매설되어 배관이나 배선이 노출되지 않고 바닥면에서 물이 분사되는 형태의 분수인 바닥분수는 일반적으로 공공 정원의 광장에 도입되어 수경관을 접할 기회를 제공하고 분수가 가동되지 않을 때에는 광장의 기능을 하는 다목적 옥외 공간을 제공하고 있다. 본 연구는 이용후 평가를 통하여 바닥분수를 위한 효과적인 설계와 관리 방안을 제안할 목적으로 수행되었다. 진주 남가람 공원 중앙광장에 조성된 바닥분수가 도면 및 현장조사, 관찰, 인터뷰, 설문조사를 통하여 이용자의 행태와 만족도를 중심으로 평가되었다. 이용자의 주요 행태는 ‘물놀이’, ‘더위 식히기, ’분수 감상‘, ’산책‘이었다. 바닥분수의 이용은 남가람 공원 중앙광장의 전체 이용에 유의성 있는 영향을 미치고 있었다. 이용 만족도는 ’안전성‘, ’안전 관리자의 배치‘, ’용수의 음용 적합성‘을 제외하고는 전반적으로 높은 수준을 나타내었다. 종합적인 만족도에 영향을 미치는 변수들은 ’분수의 기능적 적합도‘, ’용수의 정기적 교체‘, ’놀이 공간으로서의 적합성‘이었다. 바닥분수에서의 개선 및 보강 사항으로는 ’미가동 기간 중의 프로그램‘, ’안전 시스템의 보완‘, ’프로그램 분수‘ 등에 대한 이용자들의 요구도가 높았다.

As a part of the research on the western private gardens, this study was carried out to investigate the beginning and changes of cottage garden style in New Zealand. Early immigrants came mainly from the southern countries of England. Once established, many colonists imported plants from England for nostalgia's sake. They aspired to the high fashion of the times, which was the Gardenesque style. At this time flower-gardening was undergoing a considerable growth. During the second half of the nineteenth century, the new design trend in Victorian gardens was formality. Victorian Cottage gardens in New Zealand had much more formality than today's interpretation of this style. At the beginning of the twentieth century, the new theme of the garden was a highly romantic eclecticism, which arose the integration of the formality and the naturalism. Between the 1940s and the 1960s, the vegetable garden that was the norm back was common, but on the wane throughout New Zealand. In the second half of the twentieth century, a number of new approaches to the garden-making have emerged. Postmodernism also led New Zealanders to search for a National Identity. An eclecticism which re-ordered material in this way could serve the purpose of maintaining the content while radically altering the form. The English cottage garden transferred to the front yards of New Zealand has produced a New Zealand style cottage garden, that is a copy for which there was never an orignal. Viewed from the historical and cultural background and changes of New Zealand Cottage Garden Style, it can be characterized as a practical, independent, and innovative garden based on the combination of utility and beauty.

As a part of the research of small gardens, this study was carried out to survey the history and culture of 19C English and Australasian cottage garden. This western garden study will be expected to change Korean suburban and rural garden style delightfully and plentifully. The results of these studies are summarized as follows. The cottager appeared in the English landscape and social system after the Black Death and with him, the cottage garden. But, the suburban garden is the ancestor of the stylized English cottage gardens. Loudon created the nineteen-century suburban garden which, in the long run, influenced the shape and planting of rural cottage garden too. Loudon worked out rules from Repton's theory and practice, and then modified for the smaller. A measure of regularity is imposed by two conditions: the fact that suburban gardens are rectangular and fenced; and his own ideas for what he called 'gardenesque'. Miss Gertrude Jekyll could recognize the cottager's unwittingly good examples, could deduce from it some widely applicable rules. From the old cottage garden Gertrude Jekyll borrowed the charm of natural simplicity, produced a garden style from it and, at last, made the cottage garden self-conscious. It was a good example of the art which conceals art, not of artlessness. To sum up: the rules for laying out and planting the cottage garden are straightforward; The design should be rectangular and very simple; The native plant species can be included in the planting, and every cultivar not later than, say, the middle of the nineteenth century, excepting those which have never been associated with the 'idea' of a cottage garden. Australasian cottage gardens have derived from the English originals. They were also a fairly uncomplicated structure based on a grid of straight paths and a wide selection of flowering plants, shrubs, bulbs, annuals, biennials, perennials and climbers planted with no particular regard to flowering season or stature and with an unsophisticated colour scheme. The ideas of Loudon were most popular and widely read. As the century advanced, the transformation of the cottage garden was furthered into the flower garden. They took the news of the latest discoveries and productions in their stride and eagerly welcoming. However, aside from the profusion of the planting, the use of favourite old flowers and the random scatter of flowering shrubs, perennials, bulbs and other plants, the most important is still the simplicity of the design.@

This study was carried out to establish the master plan of Hadong park, public park for a unit of town in Hadong county. It was divided into two parts: site analysis, and planning. The present situation was analyzed in historical, cultural, and natural(geographical, topographical, climate etc.) aspects. The planning was focused on a nature-oriented, facility-oriented, and health-oriented park that can be accessed easily by residents. The analyses and planning of this study are summarized as follows. This site was located on Gal-Ma hill(渴馬峰) in Hadong county. The area was 168.608㎡. In the site area, there were cultural properties. The slope was a little steep. On top of the site, Seomjingang(river) could be viewed. Most area was utilized as farm land. The summit, Chung-Hon tower(忠魂塔), Seom-Ho summerhouse(蟾湖亭) has been landmarks. The main concept and consideration of this planning were the identity of Hadong county, an ecologically responsive park, the function for the leisure and recreation of residents, and the increase of tourists. The plan contained the special natures and histories of Hadong. The local symbolism and the special culture were expressed and Learning on the nature was performed.

Hospital garden is a type of healing garden or therapeutic landscape as it can offer vital opportunities to contact with nature and have influence upon the mood, stress level, and well-being of users especially patients in need of physical and mental healing. This study was carried out to guide the future planning and design of hospital garden built on the rooftop environment through a Post-Occupancy Evaluation(POE). The roofgarden at Asan Medical Center was evaluated with regards to user's cognition and satisfaction by in-depth interviews and questionnaires. The results are summarized as follows; the users' main behaviors include 'talking', 'resting', 'walking or exercise', 'change of mood', and 'smoking'. The hospital roofgarden was perceived as convenient, and simple space. Factor analysis showed space-images represented by eight factors, 'convenience', 'usefulness', 'maintenance', 'extensity', 'identity', 'crowding', 'privacy', 'complexity'. Rooftop environment was valued for natural setting in artificial construction and users responded affirmatively to 'accessibility', 'view', and. 'fresh air', which were revealed to be factors affecting satisfaction. Changes for the garden such as 'more green shades', 'more seatings', and 'smooth pavement' were requested by users. l11ese research findings make some suggestions; it is necessary to furnish shaded seats for passive behaviors and smooth pathways for a walk or a light exercise. Hospital garden should be designed to provide various visual and functional experiences for patients. Natural shades like tree or pergolas are more desirable than artificial shades giving comfort to the hospital users. For patients and nonsmokers, separated smoking area in the hospital roofgarden would be helpful.

A recycling soap was prepared from non-cooking oils. The effects of physical and chemical properties of the recycling soap on biodegradation are expected to be different due to the thermal histories of the non-cooking oils. Therefore, the biodegradation rate of the recycling soap was studied by using Klebsiella pneumoniae(K. pneumoniae), and the growth rate of K.pneumoniae in soap solution was observed. The biodegradation rate of the recycling soap appeared to be slower as the thermal histories of the non-cooking oils became larger. This might be resulted from hydrolysis, in which the ester bonds in the oils are broken to produce hydroxyl group. It was also observed that the growth rate of the microorganism decreased with the increase in the thermal histories of the oils. As a result, it is desired that recycling soap should be produced from the non-cooking oils with the proper ranges of thermal histories to reduce water contamination. The non-cooking oils with larger thermal histories are considered to be recycling through the cracking process before used.

Mercuric chloride, inorganic compound, is one of the most important drugs that has been used in the field of argriculture, antisyphilitica and anticeptics, but it is not used clinically at present. We have studied the effect of testosterone on the mercuric chlorideinduced nephrotoxicity. Renal lipid peroxide concentration of male rat treated with mercuric chloride was significantly increased in comparison with that of the female rat, it showed similar effects on testosterone pretreatment. Changes in renal catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities were not siginificantly different in testosterone-treated groups. But, renal xanthine oxidase and aldehyde oxidase activities of testrosterone-treated group given mercuric chloride significantly increased in comparison with that of the testosterone-treated alone. Animals treated with testosterone prior to mercuric chloride showed more severe damage on histological observations than those treated with testosterone only. Consequently, we suggest that the mercuric chloride-induced nephrotoxicity might be renal lipid peroxide generating enzyme system by testosterone.