Habitat environment and food sources of fish, benthic macroinvertebrates, and brown trout (Salmo trutta) downstream of Soyang River Dam were analyzed. Water temperature at the site where brown trout was identified ranged from approximately 12.4 to 13.4°C, confirming that this environment could provide an optimal water temperature for the growth of brown trout. Most of the riverbed structures at this site had a high proportion of cobble and pebble substrates. Brown trout constituted less than 5% of the total fish population, more abundant in the upstream. The total lengthweight relationship of brown trout showed a parameter b value of 3.234, with the condition factor (K) increasing with length. Dominant benthic macroinvertebrates were Limnodrilus gotoi and Chironomidae spp. (non-red type). Stomach content analysis indicated that brown trout primarily consumed aquatic insects (R.A., 73.8%), non-insects (R.A., 23.3%), ground insects (R.A., 2.7%), and fish (R.A., 0.2%, TL: 246 mm). Correlation analysis revealed a positive relationship between total length and species preferring flowing water (p<0.05) and a negative relationship of total length with species favoring low-flow, sandy habitats (p<0.05). Larger brown trout showed active feeding behavior and resilience to flow speed and riverbed structure. The primary food source for the largest brown trout (TL: 246 mm) was Hypomesus nipponensis. Future analyses should include brown trout with a total length of 30 cm or more. Given that samples were limited, comprehensive population management will require ongoing research.

This study conducted field surveys targeting benthic macroinvertebrates and fish in Andong Dam and Yeongsan River, with the specific aim of analyzing bluegill stomach contents. Bluegills in Andong Dam ranged from 40-220 mm, with 93.0% between 80-220 mm, while those in Yeongsan River ranged from 50-210 mm, with 71.4% between 120-210 mm. The highest feeding rates in both sites were for Chironomidae spp., with findings of 72.6% in Andong Dam and 80.4% in Yeongsan River. In Andong Dam, H. nipponensis and Baetidae sp. were also significant at 17.5% and 6.5%, respectively, while in Yeongsan River, Baetidae sp. (7.5%) and Hymenoptera sp. were the next most common at 3.8%. The EI index showed that bluegills generally avoided H. nipponensis and S. tsuchigae (-0.373 and -0.975) whereas they preferred Chironomidae spp. (0.759, 0.892) and Baetidae sp. (0.723). The parameter b values of the total length-weight relationship of bluegill were calculated as 3.452 in Andong Dam and 3.449 in the Yeongsan River, respectively. The slope values of the condition factor were 0.0067 in Andong Dam and 0.0065 in the Yeongsan River. Both values were positive, indicating that the nutritional status of bluegill was good. Aquatic insects constituted the primary food source, particularly in Yeongsan River. Feeding patterns did not significantly differ by habitat orientation groups, but Yeongsan River bluegills consumed more diverse food sources. In Andong Dam, larger bluegills likely consume food sources with larger biomass, while Yeongsan River’s diverse and abundant food sources support opportunistic feeding tailored to the water ecological environment.

환경오염과 화석연료의 문제로 인한 2차 에너지 변환 및 저장 장치의 개발이 활발하게 진행되고 있다. 이러한 에너지 변환장치들은 전기화학적 시스템을 기본으로 운영되고 있으며 이온교환막은 각 공정의 성능을 결정짓는 중요한 요소이다. 따라서 에너지 시스템의 효율 증대 및 성능 향상을 위해서는 적합한 물성을 갖는 이온교환막 개발이 필요하다. 이러한 이온교환막은 크게 양이온교환막, 음이온교환막, 바이폴라막으로 분류되고 있으며, 이들 막들은 화학적, 물리적, 형태학적 특성에 따라 다양한 용도을 갖고 있다. 본 총설에서는 이온교환막의 주요한 특징과 함께 이들의 제조 방법에 대해 기술했다. 이어서 이온교환막을 이용하여 최근 개발되고 있는 전기화학 시스템에 기반을 둔 역전기 투석, 레독스 흐름 전지, 수전해 공정에 대해서 소개하고, 각 에너지 공정에서 이온교환막이 갖는 역할과 조건에 대해서 설명하였다.

Emotional sharing of brand has a power of connecting brand and consumer brand and consumer by transcending rational reason.

Nanofibers(NFs), because of their high surface area and nanosized grains, have appropriate morphologies for use in chemiresistive-type sensors for gas detection applications. In this study, a highly sensitive and selective CO gas sensing material based on Au-decorated SnO2 NFs was fabricated by electrospinning. SnO2 NFs were synthesized by electrospinning and subsequently decorated with various amounts of Au nanoparticles(NPs) by sputtering; this was followed by thermal annealing. Different characterizations showed the successful formation of Au-decorated SnO2 NFs. Gas sensing tests were performed on the fabricated sensors, which showed bell-shaped sensing behavior with respect to the amount of Au decoration. The best CO sensing performance, with a response of ~20 for 10 ppm CO, was obtained at an optimized amount of Au (2.6 at.%). The interplay between Au and SnO2 in terms of the electronic and chemical sensitization by Au NPs is responsible for the great improvement in the CO sensing capability of pure SnO2 NFs, suggesting that Au-decorated SnO2 NFs can be a promising material for fabricating highly sensitive and selective chemiresistive-type CO gas sensors.

A new process for the synthesis of polyphenylcarbosilane (PPCS) via thermal rearrangement of polymethylphenylsilane (PMPS) in supercritical cyclohexane was proposed and investigated at reaction temperatures of 380-420℃, reaction times of 1-2 h, and a pressure of 15 MPa. The structure, molecular weight, and molecular weight distribution of the product were characterized by FT-IR, Si-NMR, and GPC. The ceramic yield was also measured by TGA analysis. High-quality PPCS with high molecular weight and ceramic yield can be synthesized via a supercritical process. Furthermore, this process, when compared to the conventional method, tends to moderate the reaction conditions such as reaction temperature and time. It is concluded that thermal rearrangement in supercritical fluid is an efficient and viable process in terms of the resulting yield, efficiency, and reaction time compared with those of the conventional PCS production process.

정신분열병은 망상이나 환각과 같은 양성증상과 감정적 둔마와 같은 음성증상이 대표적인 사고장애로서 외부입력 정보를 통합하거나 체계적으로 처리하는 능력이 매우 부족하다. 즉, 정신분열병 환자는 시각, 청각, 촉각 등의 자극을 종합하고 통합하여 인지하지 못한다. 본 연구에서는 뇌 인지 통합 모델(Brain Multimodal Integration Model)에 기반하여 정신분열병 환자의 인지 능력을 측정하기 위한 가상현실시스템을 제안한다. 정신분열병 환자의 지각, 인지, 운동능력을 측정하기 위한 가상현실시스템은 환자에게 시각과 청각의 멀티모달 자극을 제시하여, 환자로 하여금 일정시간 동안 자극을 기억하고 처리하여 주어진 과제를 수행하도록 하였다. 수행 결과를 통해 환자의 멀티모달 자극 통합능력 및 작업기억 통합능력, 네비게이션 능력을 평가한다. 임상연구를 통해 개발된 가상현실시스템을 WCST과 같은 기존 검사방법들과 비교하여 검증하였는데, 가상현실로 측정한 파라미터와 WCST의 파라미터 및 SPM 점수 사이에 매우 유의미한 상관관계를 보여 가상현실시스템의 유용성을 확인할 수 있었다.

Halo coronal mass ejections (CMEs) originating from solar activities give rise to geomagnetic storms when they reach the Earth. Variations in the geomagnetic field during a geomagnetic storm can damage satellites, communication systems, electrical power grids, and power systems, and induce currents. Therefore, automated techniques for detecting and analyzing halo CMEs have been eliciting increasing attention for the monitoring and prediction of the space weather environment. In this study, we developed an algorithm to sense and detect halo CMEs using large angle and spectrometric coronagraph (LASCO) C3 coronagraph images from the solar and heliospheric observatory (SOHO) satellite. In addition, we developed an image processing technique to derive the morphological and dynamical characteristics of halo CMEs, namely, the source location, width, actual CME speed, and arrival time at a 21.5 solar radius. The proposed halo CME automatic analysis model was validated using a model of the past three halo CME events. As a result, a solar event that occurred at 03:38 UT on Mar. 23, 2014 was predicted to arrive at Earth at 23:00 UT on Mar. 25, whereas the actual arrival time was at 04:30 UT on Mar. 26, which is a difference of 5 hr and 30 min. In addition, a solar event that occurred at 12:55 UT on Apr. 18, 2014 was estimated to arrive at Earth at 16:00 UT on Apr. 20, which is 4 hr ahead of the actual arrival time of 20:00 UT on the same day. However, the estimation error was reduced significantly compared to the ENLIL model. As a further study, the model will be applied to many more events for validation and testing, and after such tests are completed, on-line service will be provided at the Korean Space Weather Center to detect halo CMEs and derive the model parameters.

본 연구는 항만물류산업에 종사하는 조직 구성원들의 이직에 영향을 미치는 요인을 실태 조사하여 그 결과를 인사 관련 실무자들 이 현업에서 활용함으로 효율적인 인력관리가 이루어질 수 있도록 하는 것이 연구의제이다. 특히 중소항만물류기업에 업종과 직무에 따라 종 사하는 직원들의 이직원인을 조사함으로써 이직요인을 분석하여 이직을 결정하가는 요인들을 개선할 수 있는 직무환경을 조성하고 이직 방 지 대책을 실시함으로 잦은 이직을 방지하고 지속적인 근무가 가능할 수 있는 인적자원 관리기법의 개발과 발전방향을 제시하고자 하는 목적 을 두었다. 연구 결과, 항만물류기업에서 이직자가 가장 많이 발생한 부서는 현장직 부서로 20.43의 높은 평균값을 나타내었고, 이직자가 발생 한 항만물류기업의 인력 채용형태는 경력사원 채용이 64%, 신입사원 채용이 58%로 거의 비슷하게 나타났으며 정규직 채용을 선호하는 것으 로 조사되었다. 또한 가장 많이 시행하고 있는 이직방지 프로그램은 ‘임금수준 개선’으로 항만물류기업 중 응답 회사의 53.3%가 시행하고 있 었으며 이것을 통하여 항만물류기업들이 일반 기업들과 마찬가지로 장기적인 이직 방지프로그램의 시행보다는 단기적으로 대응하며 자기계 발 또는 근로자와 기업이 공동성장하기 위한 환경조성 프로그램 보다는 금전적인 보상에 치우치고 있음을 알 수 있다. 마지막으로 인사담당 자가 생각하는 이직 방지 프로그램의 효과정도는 임금 수준 개선이 5.86으로 가장 효과가 있을 것으로 나타났다.

Coronal Mass Ejections (CME), which originate from active regions of the Sun’s surface, e.g., sunspots, result in geomagnetic storms on Earth. The variation of the Earth’s geomagnetic field during such storms induces surface currents that could cause breakdowns in electricity power grids. Hence, it is essential to both monitor Geomagnetically Induced Currents (GICs) in real time and analyze previous GIC data. In 2012, in order to monitor the variation of GICs, the Korean Space Weather Center (KSWC) installed an induced current measurement system at SINGAPYEONG Substation, which is equipped with 765 kV extra-high-voltage transformers. Furthermore, in 2014, two induced current measurement systems were installed on the 345 kV high-voltage transformers at the MIGEUM and SINPOCHEON substations. This paper reports the installation process of the induced current measurement systems at these three substations. Furthermore, it presents the results of both an analysis performed using GIC data measured at the SINGAPYEONG Substation during periods of geomagnetic storms from July 2013 through April 2015 and the comparison between the obtained GIC data and magnetic field variation (dH/dt) data measured at the Icheon geomagnetic observatory.