Ganoderma lucidum has long been used as a potent medicinal plant. In addition, recent studies showed that G. lucidum is used to prevent or treat various human diseases such as allergy, hepatopathy, hypertension, cancer and diabetes. In this study showed that ethanol extract from G. lucidum have potential inhibitory effects of glycerol 3-phosphat acyltransferase (GPAT) activity and increase of glucose uptake on skeletal muscle cells. Inhibition of GPAT, which catalyze the first step in de novo TAG synthesis, has been proposed as one of the drug targets for insulin resistance and type-2 diabetes. G. lucidum extract inhibited GPAT activity. Bioassay-guided fractionation and isolation of bio-active substances from ethanol extracts of G. lucidum were carried out by using chromatographic techniques and in vitro GPAT enzyme assay. One of bioactive molecules, ergosterol peroxide, was isolated and identified by physical and spectral properties. In this study showed that ethanol extract from G. lucidum and ergosterol peroxide have potential anti- diabetes effects through the increase of glucose uptake. This was as sociated with increased activity AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK). AMPK is another regulatory protein in the glucose uptake pathway and energy metabolism. The result was that the increase of glucose uptake by G. lucidum extract might be mediated by AMPK.

The toxicity of methanol extract from 28 plants toward four agricultural insect pests were examined using contact toxicity bioassay with spray methods. At a concentration of 1,000 ppm Achyranthes japonica whole body was observed strong activity against Myzus persicae. Paeonia lactiflora root and Corydalis turtschaninovii rhizome methanol extract were observed strong activity toward Tetranychus urticae. Catalpa ovata leaf and Ginkgo biloba leaf and stem methanol extracts were revealed high activity toward Nilaparvata lugens. Actium lap root methanol extract was observed moderate activity against Plutella xylostella. High or moderate insecticidal activity of plant extracts were listed in Fig.1. These plant resource, particularly plant methanol extract or insecticidal constituents, merit further as potential insect pest control agents or leads because of their great activity as a insecticide.

The effects of Ganoderma lucidum on glucose uptake was studied in L6 rat skeletal muscle cells. Glucose uptake in muscle cell was increased about 6-fold compared to control by mushroom extract treatment. This increasing effect to the glucose uptake was observed in muscle cells cultured with or without insulin. The levels of phosphor-acetyl CoA carboxylase were upregulated by G. lucidum extract treatment in insulinstimulated and basal culture conditions. However, G. lucidum extract did not affect protein kinaseB/Akt(Akt) level. Furthermore, the expression of phosphor-AMPactivated protein kinase(AMPK) was also up-regulated. AMPK is another regulatory protein in the glucose uptake pathway and energy metabolism. Thus, the treatment of G. lucidum extract in skeletal muscle cells increased the phosphorylation levels of AMPK and acetyl-CoA carboxylase, showing that the increase of glucose uptake by G. lucidum extract might be mediated via the activation of AMPK signaling pathway

본 연구에서는 영지버섯 균사 배양 시 헛개나무 추출물의 첨가가 영지버섯의 가나도마난디올의 생합성에 미치는 영향을 분석하기 위하여 수행하였다. 가나도마난디올은 트리터페노이드 계열의 물질이며 영지버섯의 주 요한 생리효능을 가지는 물질 중의 하나이다. 이와 관련하여, 본 연구자들은 선행연구를 통하여 가나도마난디올 이 B16F10 멜라노마 세포의 티로시나제 저해 활성 및 멜라닌 생합성 저해능에 우수한 효과가 있는 것을 확인하 였다. 본 연구에서 영지버섯 균사 배양 시 15% (v/v)의 헛개나무 추출물 첨가하면 영지버섯의 가나도마난디올 생합성이 첨가하지 않은 대조군에 비해 유의적으로 증가함을 HPLC분석을 통하여 확인하였다. 또한, 15% (v/v)의 헛개나무 추출물을 첨가한 영지균사 배양추출물의 B16F10 멜라노마 세포에 대한 멜라닌 생합성 억제 능이 첨가하지 않은 대조군에 비해 유의적으로 증가함을 확인하였다. 또한, 영지버섯 균사 배양 시 헛개나무 추출물 첨가가 미백활성을 가지는 가나도마난디올 생합성 증가뿐 아니라, 액체 및 고체 배양시 균사의 생장도 촉진하는 것을 확인하였다. 이러한 결과들은 헛개나무가 영지버섯균사의 미백활성 물질인 가나도마난디올 생 합성의 증가를 유도하고 이로 인한 영지버섯 균사의 미백 활성이 증가하는 유용한 소재로 사용될 수 있다는 것을 시사한다.

After analyzing of heating value of four kinds of RDF, the RDF-D has the highest heating value, was chosen to be mixed with carbonized sludge by different ratio. The 85%：15% ratio, which has the highest efficiency, was analyzed with thermogravimetric and pyrolysis kinetics. Applying of Kissinger method, activation energy was obtained from slope which is calculated from relation of ln(β/T2 m) and 1/Tm. The kinetic parameters obtained from Kissinger method were 46.06 kJ/mol of RDF, 55.99 kJ/mol of carbonized sludge and 40.68 kJ/mol of mixture of RDF and carbonized sludge. The mixture of RDF and carbonized sludge has the lowest activation energy and frequency factor, during thermal decomposition reaction it has the slowest reaction rate and needs the lowest energy. Although activation energy with pyrolysis of RDF was irregularly scattered, it showed that activation energy was stabilized by co-pyrolysis of RDF and additives(Carbonized Sludge).

The purpose of this study was to investigate relationship between rainfall water quality and precipitation characteristic during the accumulated rainfall and rainless period. As the results of the analysis, rainfall water quality was improved in the rainfall duration. Correlation coefficients between rainwater quality and accumulated rainfall were 0.88～0.99 except Cl-. And that between rainless period and initial rainfall water quality were 0.62～0.75. During the Asian dust event, concentration of the turbidity, BOD and electric conductivity were high. Therefore, it shows that the rainfall water quality is effected by atmospheric conditions before the rainfall events.

A new chestnut cultivar, “Mipung” was released from Korean native chestnut trees by chestnut laboratory of the Korea Forest Research Institute (KFRI) in 2006. This cultivar was selected first from a natural population in 1984, and the preliminary, advanced, and regional yield trials for evaluation were carried out from 1985 to 2005. “Mipung” is a late-ripening cultivar, and its optimal ripening date is late September. It has good nut quality for eating raw and processing. Its average nut weight is 27.3 g, much heavier than that of the check cultivar, “Arima”. It had also been identified to have resistance to chestnut blight disease and chestnut gall wasp threatening to chestnut trees. The average yield of 8 year-old “Mipung” was 8.8kg per tree, which was superior to that of “Arima”.

HEC-RAS model is used for estimation of rating-curve of Musung in Wi stream. Discharge is computed from stage estimated by HEC-RAS model, is compared with the discharge of water surface slope method. The relative deviation of observed and computed discharge is 5.37%, and shows as a good results. A rating-curve by HEC- RAS model shows better results than by water surface slope method.