In this study, we classified the structures into minor-damage column (URM), moderate-damage column (URO), and severe-damage column (URS), depending on the RC column of damage degree, and reinforced columns with the UHMWPE fiber in order to perform modeling of the structures. Then, we executed a comparative analysis with the results obtained from previous studies of NRF (non-reinforced column) and URF (column with UHMWPE fiber reinforcement). The maximum strength was increased with 14.91% of URF, 14.05% of URM, 14% of URO, and 6.5% of URS on the basis of NRF and the columns with minor and moderate damages exhibited the similar stiffness as that of the URF.

This study analyzes the correlation between Western Pacific (WP) teleconnection pattern index (WPI) in April during 1954-2008 and rainfall amounts in the same month. Based on the results, it is identified that there have been strong positive correlations between central China, Korea and the southwestern part of Japan in the East Asian region. Through differences between 10 positive WP years and 10 negative WP years selected from the April WPI excluding ENSO years, it is found that rainfall amounts increase in April of positive WP years due to the following characteristics. Increases in rainfall amounts are evident in the East Asian middle latitudinal region where the positive correlation between the two variables is the highest and this is because anomalous southwesterlies are strengthened in the East Asian middle latitudinal region due to the spatial pattern of a south-low-north-high anomalous pressure system centered on this region that is made by anomalous anticyclones centered on the southeastern side of the region and other anomalous anticyclones centered on the northeastern side of the region. In addition, anomalous westerlies (jet) are strengthen in the upper troposphere of the East Asian middle latitudinal region and as a result, anomalous upward flows are strengthened in this region and thus anomalous warm air temperatures are formed in the entire level of the troposphere in the region. In addition to atmospheric environments, anomalous warm sea surface temperatures are formed in the seas in the East Asian middle latitudinal region to help the rainfall amount increases in the East Asian middle latitudinal region.

This study analyzed the climate regime shift using statistical change-point analysis on the time-series tropical cyclone (TC) frequency that affected Japan in July to September. The result showed that there was a significant change in 1995 and since then, it showed a trend of rapidly decreasing frequency. To determine the reason for this, differences between 1995 to 2012 (9512) period and 1978 to 1994 (7894) period were analayzed. First, regarding TC genesis, TCs during the 9512 period showed a characteristic of genesis from the southeast quadrant of the tropical and subtropical western North Pacific and TCs during the 7894 period showed their genesis from the northwest quadrant. Regarding a TC track, TCs in the 7894 period had a strong trend of moving from the far east sea of the Philippines via the East China Sea to the mid-latitude region in East Asia while TCs in the 9512 period showed a trend of moving from the Philippines toward the southern part of China westward. Thus, TC intensity in the 7894 period, which can absorb sufficient energy from the sea as they moved a long distance over the sea, was stronger than that of 9512. Large-scale environments were analyzed to determine the cause of such difference in TC activity occurred between two periods. During the 9512 period, anomalous cold and dry anticyclones were developed strongly in the East Asia continent. As a result, Korea and Japan were affected by the anomalous northerlies thereby preventing TCs in this period from moving toward the mid-latitude region in East Asia. Instead, anomalous easterlies (anomalous trade wind) were developed in the tropical western Pacific so that a high passage frequency from the Philippine to the south China region along the anomalous steering flows was revealed. The characteristics of the anomalous cold and dry anticyclone developed in the East Asia continent were also confirmed by the analysis of air temperature, relative humidity and sensible heat net flux showing that most regions in East Asia had negative values.

This study analyzed a correlation between South China Sea summer (June to September) monsoon (SCSSM) and the ENSO for the last 32 years (1979 to 2010). There was a correlation that the higher (lower) the SST in the Niño-3.4 region was, the weaker (stronger) the SCSSM intensity was. To identify the reason for this correlation, a difference of means between 8 El Niño years and 8 La Niña years (June to September). The analysis on the difference between two groups with respect to the 850 hPa stream flows showed that there were anomalous huge cyclones in the subtropical Pacific in the both hemispheres so that cold and dry anomalous northerlies were strengthened in the South China Sea relatively while anomalous westerlies were strengthened from the Maritime Continent to the off the coast of Chile. The analysis on the difference between two groups with respect to the 200 hPa stream flows showed that the opposite anomalous pressure system pattern to that in the 850 hPa stream flows were shown. In the subtropical Pacific of the both hemispheres, anomalous anticyclones existed so that anomalous easterlies were strengthened from the Maritime Continent to the equatorial central Pacific. Considering the anomalous atmospheric circulations in the upper and lower layers of the troposphere, upward airflows from the equatorial central and eastern Pacific were downward in the South China Sea and the Maritime Continent, which was a structure of anomalous atmospheric circulations. This means that the Walker Circulation was weakened and it was a typical structure of atmospheric circulations revealed in El Niño years.

본 연구는 선행연구를 바탕으로 가설화된 운동선수 자기관리 이론적 모형을 검증하는데 그 목적이 있다. 구체적으로 운동선수 자기관리 4개 하위요인 중 몸관리, 정신관리, 훈련관리는 자신감에, 대인관리는 팀단합에 긍정적 영향을 미치고, 자신감과 팀단합은 중재변인으로서 운동수행에 영향을 미칠 것이다 라는 가설을 수립하고 이를 검증하였다. 수립된 모델 검증을 위해 329명의 전국체전 참가선수들을 조사하였다. 육상, 수영, 양궁, 배드민턴, 복싱, 레슬링, 태권도, 농구, 배구 등 총 20개 종목에 참여한 선수들은 남녀 각각 171명과 158명이었다. AMOS를 사용한 구조방정식 모형 검증결과 가설화된 모형은 양호한 적합도 지수를 나타냈다: GFI=.96, CFI=.95, RMR=.035. 이러한 적합도 지수는 성, 종목, 수준별로 검증한 결과에서도 승인되었다. 구체적으로 살펴보면 몸관리와 정신관리는 자신감에, 자신감은 운동수행에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤다. 또 대인관리는 팀단합에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤지만 팀단합은 수행에 유의한 영향을 미치지 못하였다. 또한 훈련관리는 자신감에 부정적인 영향을 미쳤다. 이는 연구자가 설정한 가설을 전체적으로 지지하였으나 일면 상이한 결과를 나타내고 있다.