닐 게이먼은 􋺷아메리칸 갓츠􋺸, 􋺷네버웨어􋺸, 􋺷아난시 보이즈􋺸, 􋺷스타더스 트􋺸 등의 소설을 통해 도시화와 근대성으로 인한 자연의 이탈이라는 주제를 탐구한다. 본 논문은 이들 작품에 대한 면밀한 분석을 통해, 게이먼이 판타지라는 장르를 활용해 도시 개발이 야기하는 환경적·문화적 영향을 비판하는 방식을 고찰한다. 신화적 풍경 과 현대 도시 환경을 대조함으로써, 자연 세계와 전통 신화가 기술 및 산업 발전에 의해 어떻게 가려지는지를 조명한다. 이러한 접근은 게이먼이 묘사하는 환경적 이탈을 보다 세밀하게 조망함으로써, 인간세에서 도시화가 갖는 광범위한 함의에 대한 통찰을 제공한다. 특히 게이먼의 서사에 집중함으로써, 판타지와 환경 비판, 그리고 근대성이 자연에 미치는 영향을 교차적으로 다루는 기존 연구들과 차별화된다. 본 연구는 게이 먼의 문학적 기여를 심화하여 조명하며, 현대 문학에서 자연과 문화 간의 진화하는 관 계를 이해하는 데 기여한다.

Copper, silver, and gold-reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite (Cu-rGO, Ag-rGO, and Au-rGO) were fabricated via the hydrothermal method, which shows unique physiochemical properties. Environment friendly electromagnetic radiation was employed to synthesize rGO from GO. The nonlinear optical phenomenon of noble metal decorated rGO is predominantly due to excited state absorption, which arises from surface plasmon resonance and increases in defects at the surface due to Cu, Ag, and Au incorporation. It is found that the third-order nonlinear absorption coefficient was in the order of 10− 10 m/W, with notable enhancements in the third-order properties of Au-rGO compared to other nanocomposites and their respective counterparts. Functionalizing rGO induces defect states ( sp3), increasing NLO response. Cu, Ag, and Au exhibit higher Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) activity due to rGO-induced structural modifications. SERS signals are influenced by dominant signals from Au nanorods. The electronic structures for pure and doped rGO were investigated through Density Functional Theory (DFT). The computed partial density of states (PDOS) confirms the enhancement of the state in Au-doped rGO is due to the charge transference from Au to C 2p orbital. The optical absorption spectra and PDOS reveal the possibility of free carrier absorption enhancement in Au which validates experimentally observed higher two-photon absorption (β) value of Au-doped rGO. The tuning of nonlinear optical and SERS behaviour with variation in the noble metal upon rGO provides an easy way to attain tuneable properties which are exceedingly required in both optoelectronics and photonics applications.

Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), is a serious pest of stored products. We assessed the efficacy of combined application of Beauveria bassiana AAD16 and azadirachtin against P. interpunctella under laboratory conditions by using filter paper dipping method. P. interpunctella larvae showed lowest LT50 in combined application of AAD16 and azadirachtin compared to the application of only azadirachtin. The mycosis rate of P. interpunctella larvae was 100% after 14 days of the combined application while AAD16 only application showed 93%. These findings suggest that B. bassiana AAD16 and azadirachtin combined solution can be an effective controlling technique against P. interpunctella larvae.