This study explores Korean EFL learner preferences and perceptions of digital composing (DC) with innovative online technology tools during the implementation of emergency remote learning measures. The research compares learner use of text-based DC and voice-based audio asynchronous online discussion (AOD). This paper investigates the following research problem: What digital modes of interactive, online instructional design can serve as appropriate, learner-accepted replacements for offline instruction? One prior finding indicated that Korean undergraduate EFL learners preferred text and audio DC to video modes. To follow up, this paper investigates 57 learners’ preferences and perceptions toward text-based and voice-based DC, and compares the results. The data analysis methods employ paired-samples Tests, and a thematic analysis to identify issues raised in student comments. The results reveal that learners’ levels of user satisfaction with voice-based audio AOD and their ratings of its perceived usefulness confirm that it can be a satisfactory, effective, and preferable task for engaging learners in digitally-mediated four-skills practice. Another finding is that utilizing a voice-based audio module did not significantly alter learners’ course satisfaction when superseding a text-based module. These findings inform pedagogical practice with empirical insights regarding learners’ use of digital technologies, levels of acceptance, and DC preferences.

본 사례 연구는 실시간 음성인식을 결합한 설치 작품의 기술, 언어학과 인터랙티브 아트의 융합을 탐구하는 것을 목표로 한다. 따라서 음성인식 기술이 언어라는 축을 통해 ‘Spect’actor’에게 어떻게 전달할 수 있는지에 대한 예술적 관점과 심도 깊은 이해를 도모하고자 한다. 본 연구는 음성인식 기술을 통한 미디어아트 해석 의 가능성을 전반으로 확대하고, 특히 인터랙티브 미디어아트 분야에서 회화적 자동 음성인식을 통한 미디어 아트 해석의 가능성을 넓히고자 합니다.

Consumers sometimes see brands as relationship partners and expect that they conform to certain expectations, or relational norms. However, there is no valid and universal operationalization of these norms for the specific context of consumer-brand relationships. We address this gap by developing and validating a new scale in four studies.

Graphene oxide/Iron III oxide (GO: Fe2O3) nanocomposites (NCs) have been topical in recent times owing to the enhanced properties they exhibit. GO acting as a graphene derivative has demonstrated superior features as obtainable in a graphene sheet. Furthermore, the attachment of oxygen functional groups at its basal and edge planes of graphene has allowed for easy metal/oxide functionalization for improved properties harvesting. Fe2O3 nanoparticles (NPs) on the other hand have polymorphic property enabling the degeneracy of Fe2O3 in different phases, thereby resulting in different physical and crystalline properties when used to functionalize GO. The properties of GO: Fe2O3 have been applied to supercapacitor energy harvesting, Li-ion batteries, and biomedicine. The enhanced properties are attributed to the adsorption and electronic structure properties of Fe atoms. In this review, the various synthesis used in the preparation of reduced/graphene oxide: Fe2O3 is discussed. As indicated in the considered literature, the XPS analysis suggests electronic bond interactions between C–C, C–O, C–Fe and Fe–C. The available report on UPS measurements further suggests the formation of mixed states emanating from  and  bonds. The discussed reports further suggest that the various applications based on the harvesting of electronic, electrical, and magnetic properties are due to the ionic and exchange interactions between the different orbital states of carbon, oxygen and iron. The challenges and future prospects of the synthesis and application of GO/Fe2O3 are examined. Graphical abstract showing the process of exfoliation, reduction and functionalization of graphite to produce reduced graphene oxide (rGO).

The electrochemical behavior was investigated during the electrolysis of nickel oxide in LiCl-Li2O salt mixture at 650℃ by changing several components. The focus of this work is to improve anode design and shroud design to increase current densities. The tested components were ceramic anode shroud porosity, porosity size, anode geometry, anode material, and metallic porous anode shroud. The goal of these experiments was to optimize and improve the reduction process. The highest contributors to higher current densities were anode shroud porosity and anode geometry.

This study utilized a longitudinal data collection to examine online factors of digital multimodal composing (DMC) preference and measure learner course satisfaction with digital composing modes in an online EFL communication course. The purpose of this research was to involve learners in a process of online, interactive, and multimodal curricular design during emergency remote learning due to the coronavirus pandemic. Innovative online technologies such as a new learning management system and digital educational components were implemented and used to quantitatively examine learners’ acceptance of technology. Korean learner preferences for textual and audio modes of DMC were indicated by Relative Advantage, Perceived Usefulness, and User Satisfaction factors. These factors also indicated an aversion to video-based DMC including video recordings and video responses as well as moderate concern for video conferencing. Qualitative findings revealed student concern for the constructs of Ease of Use and Using Video Modalities when transitioning to new online learning technologies.

In three studies, we show that semployee accent directly, indirectly (through intelligibility and trust), and/or conditionally affects customer participation (CP) in services positively or negatively, depending on the type of accent and its valence, the customer’s need for interaction, and the type of CP, i.e. voluntary, mandatory, or replaceable CP.

좋은 문학작품 한편은 시간을 극복하지만 현명한 작품은 시간이 지나면서 더 좋아진다. 예이치의 시 “재림”은 두 번째 종류이다. 수많은 수식어가 시에 쏟아 지는데, 몇 개를 보면, 계시적이다, 혹은 종교적, 반유토피아적, 예언적이다, 등이다. 그리고 실제적으로 이 시에는 이 모든 개념적 요소들이 보인다. 그러나, 무엇보다도, “재림”은 인간에 대한 경종으로 생존, 권력, 주권이라는 이름으로 행하는 난폭하고 불 필요한 행위들을 되새기게 한다. 운명적으로, 지금 무서운 전염병이며, 끊임없는 정치적 전쟁이며, 인간의 무차별적 개발로 인한 지속적인 자연의 황폐화의 그림자 아래서 세계는 고통 받고 있고 실제적 은유적 치유가 필요한 때이다. 이때에 예이츠의 시 “재김”이 만병통치의 묘약으로 나서는데, 잘 쓰여진 문학작품 1편이 우리로 하여금 상황의 심각함을 일깨워주는 역할을 하며, 이 고통 역시 느리지만 결국에는 지나리라는 인식을 심어준다.

An electroless deposition method was used to modify the surface properties of rice husk ceramic particles (RHC) by depositing nano-nickel on the surface of the RHC (Ni-RHC). The dry tribological performances of aluminum matrix composite adobes containing different contents of RHC and Ni-RHC particles have been investigated using a micro-tribometer. Results showed that the Ni–RHC particles substantially improved both the friction and wear properties of the Ni-RHC/aluminum matrix adobes. The optimal concentration was determined to be 15 wt% for both the RHC and Ni–RHC particles. The improvements in the tribological properties of aluminum adobes including the Ni-RHC were ascribed to frictioninduced peeling off of Ni coating and formation of protection layer on the wear zone, both of which led to low friction and wear volume.

Honey bees are challenged with declining colony numbers, generally called ‘Colony Collapse Syndrome’ (CCS). This issue is certainly a syndrome because it is due to a range of threats, including parasitic mites, exposure to agricultural chemicals and various viruses, among other things. We posed the hypothesis the CCS could also be due to declining nutritional qualities, which may relate to digestive physiology. Because there is no information on honey bee lipid nutrition and digestion, we characterized a digestive phospholipase A2 in honey bee midguts. In this paper, I will report on some of our findings. With a focus on students, I will also use this report to share thoughts on presenting and writing for international audiences.

방사성금속폐기물의 관리 옵션들을 안전성, 경제성, 작업자 피폭, 부피 감용 등의 선별 기준을 적용하여 비교 평가하였다. 원전 해체로부터 발생하는 금속폐기물의 관리 옵션에는 무구속 방출, 제한적 재사용, 그리고 직접 처분이 있다. 고려된 각 각의 옵션들은 금속폐기물의 절단과 용융에 의한 부피감용을 수반한다. AHP기법을 적용하여 각 옵션들의 순위를 부여하였 다. 방사성금속폐기물을 용융하여 금속 잉곳을 제조한 후 제한적 재이용 또는 무구속 방출하는 방안이 가장 효율적인 옵션 으로 도출되었다.

Jeju Island provides a unique context for exploring remedies to mass harm. As a site of horrific historical human rights abuses and also ongoing present environmental degradation, Jeju offers a setting for exploring environmental justice as reparations. This Article argues for democratic, community-led environmental justice reparations prioritizing sustainable economic development and capacity building, aimed at benefiting Jeju residents rather than outside military, tourist, or other colonial interests.