허리노린재과(Coreidae)에 속하는 Leptoglossus gonagra (가칭: 기장허리노린재)는 북미 원산으로 현재 아프리카, 오스트레일리아, 동남아시아 등 폭넓게 분포하고 있으며 다양한 채소와 과일을 가해하는 광식성 곤충으로 알려져 있다. 우리나라는 2016년 부산시 기장면의 호박 재배지에서 약충과 성충이 확인되었으나, 이듬해에는 현장조사에서 서식이 확인되지 않았다. 본 연구는 MaxEnt 모형과 세계적 위치 정보를 이용하여 L .gonagra의 서식 및 생존과 영향을 주는 환경요인 및 국내 서식 가능성을 확인하고자 하였다. 위치자료는 GBIF (Global Biodiversity Information Facility), DISCOVER LIFE 웹사이트에서 제공하고 있는 총 99지점을 이용하였고 환경변수로는 WorldClim의 생물기후 (bio)를 19개를 활용하였다. 예측 모델은 평균 AUC 값 0.928으로 높은 신뢰도를 보였으며, 등온성(bio3)과 가장 따뜻한 분기의 강수량(bio18), 기온의 계절성(bio4), 가장 습한 분기의 강수량(bio16) 순으로 기여도가 높았다. 고온다습 한 열대성 기후 지역에서 출현 가능성이 높게 나타났고, 우리나라에서는 매우 낮은 것으로 분석되었다.

We demonstrated an effective way of preparing melt spinnable mesophase pitches via catalytic hydrogenation of petroleum residue (fluidized catalytic cracking-decant oil) and their subsequent thermal soaking. The mesophase pitches thus obtained were analyzed in terms of their viscosity, elemental composition, solubility, molecular weight, softening point and optical texture. We found that zeolite-induced catalytic hydrogenation under high hydrogen pressure contributed to a large variation in the properties of the pitches. As the hydrogen pressure increased, the C/H ratio decreased, and the solubility in n-hexane increased. The mesophase pitch with entirely anisotropic domains of flow texture exhibited good meltspinnability. The mesophase carbon fibers obtained from the catalytically hydrogenated petroleum residue showed moderate mechanical properties.

This study was conducted to estimate the effect of home or hetero fermentative lactic acid bacteria(LAB) on chemical composition, fermentation quality, and aerobic stability of rye silage. Rye forage was harvested at dough stage(28.9% of dry matter), chopped to 3-5 cm length, and divided into 4 piles for different inoculations as treatment, following 1) No additives(CON); 2) Lactobacillus plantarum at rate of 1.5 x 105 cfu/g of fresh forage(LP); 3) L. buchneri at rate of 1.2 x 105 cfu/g of fresh forage(LB); and 4) Mixture of LP and LB at 1:1 ratio(MIX). Rye silage was ensiled into 20 L bucket silo in quadruplicate for 0, 1, 4, 7, and 100 day periods. After 100 days of ensiling, the silage treated with LB had lower acid detergent fiber content(p<0.05), but higher in vitro dry matter digestibility(p<0.05). The LB and MIX reduced (p<0.05) pH more rapidly than CON and LP across the ensiling days, but had no difference on 100 days. Silage treated LP had lowest(p<0.05) acetic acid, but highest(p<0.05) propionic acid. In contrast, LB treated silage had highest(p<0.05) acetic acid, but lowest(p<0.05) propionic acid with the absence of butyric acid. On microbial count, LP treated silage had lowest(p<0.05) LAB, yeast, and aerobic stability, whereas LB and MIX treated silages had highest(p<0.05). Mold was not detected across all silages. Therefore, it could be concluded that heterofermentative LAB solely or combo with homofermentative LAB might improve in vitro dry matter digestibility, fermentation characteristics, and aerobic stability of rye silage harvested at dough stage.

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the antimicrobial effects of ε-poly-L-lysine mixture (EPM) on cheon-ggukjang and to determine the optimal mixing ratio in cheonggukjang. Increasing the EPM up to 2% decreased via-ble cell counts at both 15oC and 30oC storage. The pH of cheonggukjang without EPM increased slowly over thestorage periods, but cheonggukjang with EPM showed a slight increasing tendency, with the highest pH at 2% EPM.The sensory scores, such as texture and flavor, were highest in samples containing 2% EPM; however, overall pref-erence was not significantly different when compared to the control. For the optimum cheonggukjang processingconditions, 13 experimental points were selected. Soybean and EPM were chosen as independent variables. Viablecell count, pH, texture, and overall preference were measured. The optimum formulation of cheonggukjang usingthe numerical analysis was found to be 98.52% soybean and 1.48% EPM, resulting in a 0.722 desirability value.

In the present study, lichen(Parmelia sp.) extract showed insecticidal activity against Aedes albopictus, and the effect of growth inhibiting activity was investigated. Acetone and methanol extracts of the lichen against larvae of Aedes albopictus were showed high insecticidal activities in low lethal concentration. 50% lethal concentration of the acetone extractof the lichen is 0.13% and the 50% lethal concentration of methanol extract of lichen is 0.15% respectively. This experiment that used acetone and methanol extracts of the lichen were observed for 24, 48 and 72 hours. As a result, the higher concentration and the longer exposure time is increased mortality against Aedes albopictus. Pupation time took more time as the higher concentration of acetone extract of lichen. Consequently, the lichen extract is effect in inhibiting the growth of Aedes albopictus larvae. In this experiment indicates that lichen extract has activity against Aedes albopictus and is available as the natural insecticide.

베트남은 영세농 위주의 농업 구조로 기계화 등이 미흡하고 농산물의 품질표준화, 등급화 등이 미흡하며, 도로, 창고, 항구 등 농산물 유통관련 사회간접자본이 부족하여 물류비가 높게 발생하고 있다. 농촌에 저장고, 선과장, 도정공장 등 유통시설이 부족하여 포장의 수준이 낮고 상품화가 미흡하며, 냉장유통체계 미비로 위생관리가 취약하다. 농산물 가격 풍흉에 따라 심하게 변동됨에도 불구하고 농촌에 커뮤니케이션 매체가 부족하여 가격 등 유통정보의 공급이 미흡하다. 베트남 전역에 63개의 도매시장이 운영되고 있으나 대도시 도매시장들은 공간이 협소하고 혼잡하여 위생 관리에 문제가 많고 도시 팽창에 따라 도시민에게 농산물을 효율적으로 공급하는데 제약이 크다. 또한 도매시장 내 거래가 소규모 영세 상인에 의해 불투명하게 이루어짐으로써 상인들의 불공정 거래를 관리할 수 있는 체제가 미흡하다. 농산물 유통개선은 농가소득 증대 및 소비자 후생 증대를 위해 필수적이며, 농업 및 국가전체발전을 위해서도 중요하다. 한국의 개발 경험에 기초하여 베트남 정부가 우선적으로 고려해야 할 농산물 유통 분야의 개선사항은 하노이를 중심으로 한 대도시 지역 도매시장 현대화, 저온저장고, 산지유통센터와 같은 산지유통시설의 건립, 등급화 및 표준화, 식품안전성 검사, 유통정보 등 유통조성 기능 확대, 농산물 유통 기본법 제정, 생산자조직 육성 등이다.

Environmental pollution including air, land, and water has become one of the most critical issues in global interest. The damages due to environmental pollution lead to serious disasters. Nations have realized the importance of environment protection and have been starting to force organizations to implement environmental management system (EMS) as way of protecting environment. ISO 14001 requirements that are the most popular standard as EMS have been developed to support continuous improvement to environment management. It has been revised once since publication and ISO 14001 : 2004 version is currently available. Organizations globally started to acquire the certificate of EMS to observe environment related laws, accept customers’ and stakeholders’ request, increase market share, and fulfill implementation motives. This article examines the audit data that were collected for several years from manufacturing companies including shipbuilding, machinery, metal, automobiles, and chemical companies in southeastern Korea on the basis of ISO 14001 : 2004 requirements. The audit data were classified into minor nonconformities based on factors such as business size, business type, and EMS implementation period. We conduct hypotheses test using statistical methods in order to see if there are any significant differences based on the factors. We draw conclusions for the results of hypotheses test and address the necessities of energy, greenhouse gas, green management, and continuous improvement to enhance the efficiency of EMS implementation.

Information System (IS) Success Model proposed by DeLone and McLean is applied as a successful operation tool of information system, with its basic assumption of symmetric relationship between independent variables and dependent variables of the structural equation modeling. However, because previous studies have proved asymmetry of quality factors' influence structure on dependent variable by applying three-factor analysis, this study examined asymmetry of impact structure of quality factors introduced in IS Success Model on user satisfaction. Also the study applies structure equation modeling (SEM), threefactor analysis and importance and performance analysis (IPA) to develop resource allocation strategy for IS success. The study is able to provide IS practitioners with strategic implications for allocating and managing limited resources more effectively.

Most patients with chronic low back pain experience functional disability of trunk muscle, and limitations in physical activity. While there are many types of exercise programs available, in recent years sling exercise has been emerging as the exercise program for spinal stabilization. It has been supported by a great amount of research with positive findings on its effectiveness. This research studies the effects of bridging exercise, conducted on a sling, on pain level and trunk muscle activation in supine, sidelying, and prone positions during a 4 weeks period. 10 healthy people(normal group, n=10) and 28 patients with low back pain participated in this study. 28 patients were divided into two groups; one group participated in exercise with the sling(experimental group, n=14) and the other group exercised without the sling(control group, n=14). They were asked to use the Numerical Rating Scale(NRS) to answer to the level of their pain they felt (no pain: 0 point, severe pain: 10 points). During sling bridging exercises, the muscle activity level in each muscle measured in each position was standardized as three seconds of EMG signals during five seconds MVIC. In conclusion, the experimental group with four weeks of sling bridging exercise experienced a statistically significant reduction in the pain level(p<.05) and increase in the muscle activities of erector spinae when in supine position, internal oblique when in sidelying position, and rectus abdominis in prone position(p<.05). Regular sling bridging exercise reduces the low back pain and enhances other trunk muscle activation, thereby positively affect spinal stabilization.

To identify subspecies and stocks of minke whale meats purchased from Korean markets during 2005-2007, we first obtained their complete sequences of mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b and control region sequences, and compared these sequences to the corresponding sequences of the common minke whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata), obtained from GenBank. From analyses with partial cytochrome b sequences (383 bp) and non-coding, partial control region sequences (463 bp), Korean mink whale meats are identified as products from the North Pacific minke whale (B. a. scammoni). In addition, the sequences of the partial control region from these meats showed G at site no. 298 and G or A at site no. 463, and the meats appeared to originate from the J stock within this subspecies. Thus, because the J stock has been protected since 1986, implementation of strict regulation measures to reduce their accidental fisheries by catch seems urgent. In addition, B. a. scammoni is distinct from B. a. acutorostrata, with an average Jukes-Cantor distance of 2.21% in the complete control region sequence analysis (935 bp) and 1.31% in the complete cytochrome b gene sequence analysis; the current results support the current subspecies classification, although further sequencing analyses with nuclear genes are necessary.

Cryopreservation of avian semen is a useful tool to preserve genetic resource for aim of preventing extinction induced by infectious disease like avian influenza. Unlike those of mammals, data from chicken cryopreserved semen has not been showed feasible results. So, various cryoprotectants and diluents have been examined in many methods. In this report, as a major ingredient of avian seminal plasm, glutamine was substituted by alanyl glutamine to enhance physiological stability of chicken semen during freezing. We studied effect of glycerol and Dimethylacetamide(DMA) on motility and progressive motility of spermatozoa using glutamine diluent(EK-G) or alanyl glutamine diluent(EK-A) condition. The semen of Ogye was collected twice a week by the dorso-abdominimal massage method and diluted with same volume of EK-G or EK-A at 25℃ and stored for 10 min at 4℃ in cold chamber. Glycerol or DMA was added to diluted semen to reached 7% of final concentration at 4℃. After 3min of equilibration, the diluted semen was packed into 0.25ml straws and subjected to cryopreservation used freezing equipment. The packed straw were placed on height 5 cm above surface of liquid nitrogen(LN2) and held for 10min. After preserved for 2 weeks, the straw was thawed onto the 4℃ cooling bath. The images of motility and progressive motility spermatozoa were recorded by digital image recorder and analyzed by manual. The results showed 68.5% motility and 34.1% progressive motility in DMA/EKA diluent, 31.45% and 17.6% in glycerol/EKA, 45.4% and 8.6% in DMA/EKG, and 9.7% and 6.4% in glycerol/EKG. With these results, the alanyl glutamine and DMA could be used as a main composition of diluent and cryoprotectant for cryopreservation of chicken semen.

목적: 500 mL 용량의 식염수가 한국에서는 콘택트렌즈 헹굼에 흔히 사용되고 있기 때문에 본 연구에서는 콘택트렌즈 착용자가 사용한 대용량 식염수의 미생물 오염과 관련된 위험 요인을 분석하였다. 방법: 120명의 소프트콘택트렌즈 착용자를 모집하고 식염수를 나누어 준 후 이들이 사용한 식염수를 수집하여 분석하였다. 사용한 식염수의 미생물 오염상태는 세균의 집락수 (colony-forming units)로 평가하였고, 세균의 종류는 유전자 중합효소반응(Polymerase Chain Reaction, PCR)으로 얻은 DNA 서열을 자동 염기서열분석기 및 BLAST 분석기를 이용하여 동정하였다. 식염수 오염에 영향을 미치는 요인은 카이제곱검정, 상관분석 및 다중회기분석으로 분석하였다. 결과: 수집된 식염수 중 45%가 세균에 오염되었으며 7종의 감염성 세균을 포함한 27종의 세균이 검출 되었다. 세균의 오염은 무방부제 식염수, 구멍이 뚫린 용기, 식염수 사용기간 및 렌즈착용 전의 손 세척 습관과 상관성이 있었다. 결론: 방부제가 포함된 식염수는 구멍이 뚫려있지 않은 용기에 적은 용량으로, 무방부제 식염수는 1회용으로 제조되어야 할 것이며, 콘택트렌즈 착용자에게는 관리방법에 대한 재교육이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

The cottony cushion scale, Icerya purchasi Maskell (Hemiptera: Margarodidae), is a destructive pest on citrus. This study was conducted to obtain the stage-specific phenology of I.purchasi for use in field application. The crawlers (hatched nymphs) from the egg sac of overwintered female began to move from late May and peaked in early to mid-June with most crawlers completed the movement till late June. The 1st nymph population peaked in mid June in 1stgeneration and early October in 2ndgeneration. The 2nd nymphs showed peak activity in late July and late October during the 1st and 2nd generation, respectively. The 3rd nymphs peaked in early September in 1st generation, while it kept a plateau without forming a peak after mid October in 2nd generation. The 1st generation adults peaked in mid September, and the tail was overlapped with 2nd generation adult population. Consequently, two life cycles were competed in Jeju area. An average of 20.7% of citrus orchards was infested with I. purchasi with a 3.9% of mean infested trees in Jeju. The present results should be useful in establishing management strategies for I. purchasi in citrus orchards.

The turnip aphid is a worldwide pest, damaging mainly to crucifers. In order to understand the life parameters of Lipaphis erysimi for the eventual goal of control, the developmental periods, survival rates, lifespan, and fecundity of the species were investigated under five temperature regimes (15℃ - 35℃). Furthermore, the efficacy of several environment-friendly agricultural materials (EFAMs) that are on the market was subjected to test in order to obtain further accurate information. The developmental period of the turnip aphid nymph was longest at 15ºC as 16.9 days, shortened as temperature goes up to 25ºC (5.4 days), and then somewhat increased at 30ºC (5.9 days), suggesting that the most efficient temperature for nymphal development could be around 25ºC. Mortality of the nymphal turnip aphid was obvious at 35ºC, whereas it was minimal at other temperature schemes. The longevity of adults shortened as temperature goes up to 30ºC. In particular, the maximum lifespan for adults continued for 55 days at 15ºC, but shortened to 21 days at 30ºC. The total fecundity per day was 35.7 at 15ºC, 81 at 20ºC, 64.2 at 25ºC, and 6.6 individuals at 30ºC, showing the highest fecundity at 20ºC. After the turnip aphids were successfully stabilized in indoor environment the insecticidal activity was tested and mortality was determined 12, 24, 36, and 48 hrs after EFAMs are treated. Several on-the-market EFAMs showed more than 90% of insecticidal activity within 24 hrs or 48 hrs, but a few showed less than 90% activity, signifying importance of selection of proper EFAMs.

Cloned calves derived from somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) have been frequently lost by sudden death at 1 to 3 month following healthy birth. To address whether placental anomalies are responsible for the sudden death of cloned calves, we compared protein patterns of 2 placentae derived from SCNT of Korean Native calves died suddenly at two months after birth and those of 2 normal placentae obtained from AI fetuses. Placental proteins were separated using 2-Dimensional gel electrophoresis. Approximately 800 spots were detected in placental 2-D gel stained with coomassie-blue. Then, image analysis of Malanie III (Swiss Institute for Bioinformatics) was performed to detect variations in protein spots between normal and SCNT placentae. In the comparison of normal and SCNT samples, 8 spots were identified to be up-regulated proteins and 24 spots to be down-regulated proteins in SCNT placentae, among which proteins were high mobility group protein HMG1, apolipoprotein A-1 precursor, bactenecin 1, tropomyosin beta chain, H+-transporting ATPase, carbonic anhydrase II, peroxiredoxin 2, tyrosine-rich acidic matrix protein, serum albumin precursor and cathepsin D. These results suggested that the sudden death of cloned calves might be related to abnormal protein expression in placenta.