A one-year-old, intact male Maltese was referred with dehydration, anorexia, and marked hyperglycemia. The dog had been managed due to meningoencephalitis of unknown etiology (MUE) for three months. The dog had been treated with long-term prednisolone administration. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) was identified based on the blood chemistry and venous gas analyses, and intensive treatments including insulin administration were initiated. On further examinations, there was no any other disease that contributed to the occurrence of DKA. Insulin resistance resulted from the administration of prednisolone was highly suspected, but the agent could not be tapered due to managing MUE. Following resolution of DKA, the dog was discharged with life-long insulin and prednisolone therapy. Over the next two years, the dog continued to be routinely re-evaluated and was managed with permanent insulin therapy (0.8–1.4 units/kg SC 12 hourly) and medications including prednisolone (0.4–1.1 mg/kg PO 12 hourly). Because MUE severely progressed, the dog was euthanized by owner’s request. Histopathologic examination of pancreas obtained by post-mortem revealed that both endo- and exocrine pancreas was within normal limit. The case described herein showed the risk of ketoacidosis as well as hyperglycemia after long-term prednisolone administration in a dog without pancreatic islet pathology.

A one-year-old, intact female, Maltese dog was presented with a history of anorexia and regurgitation. Thoracic radiographs and ultrasonography scans suggested an abnormal mass in the cranial mediastinal region, and computed tomography confirmed the origin of this mass. Ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration cytology showed the presence of intermediate to large lymphoid cells showing mitotic figures. B-cell lymphoma was confirmed by the result of a polymerase chain reaction assay for antigen receptor rearrangement, therefore the patient was diagnosed with primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma (PMBL). The patient underwent L-CHOP (L-asparaginase, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisolone)-based chemotherapy, and showed complete tumoral remission from the beginning of chemotherapy. Seventytwo weeks after the completion of chemotherapy, the patient is still alive without any evidence of metastasis or relapse. A standardized treatment protocol has yet to be established for primary mediastinal lymphoma in dogs. This case report describes the complete remission of PMBL by an L-CHOP-based chemotherapy protocol in a young Maltese. Clinicians should consider that L-CHOP based chemotherapy may be useful against PMBL in dogs.

Inter-breed and individual variations in thoracic conformation often resulted in incorrect diagnosis during interpretation of canine thoracic radiographs. Therefore, it may be helpful to build a collection of normal thoracic radiographs of different breeds for useful reference. The aim of this study is to establish a normal canine thoracic radiograph database according to breed, age, and body weight. Medical records and thoracic radiographs of Veterinary Medical Center, Chungbuk National University were reviewed retrospectively. Normal thoracic radiographs of 170 dogs out of 640 patients who had thoracic radiographs were obtained. In 170 normal dogs, Maltese, Shih-tzu, Yorkshire Terriers, and Miniature Poodle were the most prevalent breeds, with 90 dogs. In this study, the normal canine thoracic radiograph database was established in the four breeds; it can be used as normal references for interpretation of canine thoracic radiographs.

Canine heartworm disease is typically characterized by the presence of heartworms in the pulmonary artery and, to a lesser degree, the right ventricle. Systemic arterial dirofilariasis is an unusual manifestation of heartworm disease of dogs that results from aberrant migration of Dirofilaria immitis into the peripheral arterial circulation. A three-year-old Jindo dog was referred to the Veterinary Medical Center because of hindlimb lameness, paresthesia of hindlimbs, and interdigital ischemic necrosis. Angiography and ultrasonography were performed, resulting in diagnosis of heartworm infestation. In necropsy, entangled heartworms were present throughout the body, including lungs, kidney, small intestinal lumen, and arteries, in addition to the right ventricle and pulmonary artery. Histologically, lung showed adult heart worms in vessels, organized thrombotic vessels, and interstitial pneumonia featuring type II pneumocyte hyperplasia, thickened alveolar wall, and compressed alveolar spaces. Chronic parenchymal lesions, such as focal or diffuse necrosis, fibrosis, and dystrophic calcification were remarkable in liver and kidney. The current case showed a typical canine systemic heartworm disease caused by aberrant migration of Dirofilaria immitis.

A nine-month-old male Pekingese weighing 5.7 kg was admitted to the Veterinary Medical Center at Chungbuk National University with a history of acute nonambulatory tetraparesis after minor trauma. A diagnosis of atlantoaxial instability with a dens axis fracture was based on examination of survey spinal radiographs and was confirmed during surgery. A modified ventral fixation technique using cortical screws was used for stabilization of the atlantoaxial joint. Serial evaluation based on radiographic and neurologic assessment was performed eight weeks after surgery. Symptoms of tetraparesis disappeared gradually, and arthrodesis of the atlantoaxial joint using a ventral fixation technique has maintained stable fixation.

A ten-year-old female Yorkshire terrier was presented to Veterinary Medical Center, Chungbuk National University with signs of anorexia and cough. Blood electrolytes, complete blood count (CBC), and hormone analysis revealed mild elevated lipase and bile acid, moderate hypercholesterolemia and severe elevated alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphate (ALP), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT). Survey radiographs revealed the potbelly-shaped abdomen, generalized hepatomegaly, and round and smooth marginated mass in right upper abdomen. On ultrasonography, enlarged gallbladder with combination of kiwifruit-like and stellate pattern consistent with gallbladder mucocele was revealed. On day 113 after diagnosis of gallbladder mucocele, free fluid and the hyperechoic structure mainly in the dorsolateral region of the gallbladder was found, which was consistent with gallbladder rupture. Cholecystectomy was performed after gallbladder rupture.

A 14-year-old intact female, mixed dog was presented with hematuria and strangury. Mass in the abdominal cavity was seen on radiographs and ultrasound. On the cytological examination in the urethra, clusters of pleomorphic epithelial cell were found. Tissues of the urethra and the urinary bladder were obtained at the time laparotomy and determined the extent of the mass. Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the urinary bladder was found in histopathologic characteristics. Urinary diversion after removal of a complete full section of the TCC in bladder wall was performed. Piroxicam, as a medical therapy for TCC, was orally administrated. Surgical operation and chemotherapy were selected with the goal of maintaining and improving quality of life.

A 13-year-old, male mixed breed dog was presented to Veterinary Medical Center, Chungbuk National University for diagnosis and treatment of enlarged mass in right inguinal region. On hematological test, monocytes and neutrophils were slight increased, but other hematological values were normal. On radiological finding, opacity and size of mass in right inguinal region were increased. The mass and testis were removed surgically. Removed mass was oval-shpae and bulky with 5.6×7.6×5.2 cm. Histopathological finding of the mass revealed large and round to polyhedral cells and it was diagnosed as malignant seminoma. That was diffuse type seminoma near to malignant tumor without metastasis. During the follow-up for 13 months, patient showed normal contition without recurrence.

A two-month-old male calf weighing 70 kg with congenital metacarpophalangeal flexural deformity was referred to the Veterinary Medical Center of Chugbuk National University. The calf could not stand and walk normally that walked with the dorsal surface of the hoof with contraction of fetlock joint. The both forelimbs had been casted two times during 45 days before presentation. Midline of the palmar surface of the feltlock joint was incised to cut superficial flexor tendon, deep flexor tendon and interosseus muscle. Both forelimbs are healed well returned to normal function after tenotomy.