Malaria is notorious disease to transmitted by Anopheline mosquitoes. In Korea, Plasmodium vivax malaria was re-introduce in 1993 and exceed to more than 4,000 cases in early 2000s. Based upon our control efforts, it was sharply decreased and diagnosis 576 cases in last year. We made Action Plan in this year for certification of malaria elimination by WHO until year 2024. In this plan, we need to strengthen our capacity of vector surveillance and control. For vector surveillance, we will introduce daily mosquito population monitoring system. In 2020, every malaria high risk area install two mosquito counters and send information to main server. For vector control, we will try building capacity of malaria mosquito control people in the Public Health center and military section. To decrease no. of mosquitoes, we will concentrate our resource to cattle shed, which is main blood source of Anopheline mosquitoes. Based on the ecological characteristic of Anopheline, we will adopt Integrate Vector management (IVM) including physical, chemical and biological method. Based on the reconciliation with North Korea, we will support technical and material support for malaria elimination.

Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) is critical for the triggering of innate immune response by recognizing the conserved molecular patterns of single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) viruses and mediated antigenic adaptive immunity. To understand how TLR7 distinguish pathogen-derived molecular patterns from the host self, it is essential to be able to identify TLR7 receptor interaction interfaces, such as active sites or R848-agonist binding sites. The functional interfaces of TLR7 can serve as targets for structure-based drug design in studying the TLR7 receptor’s structure-function relationship. In contrast to mammalian TLR7, chicken TLR7 (chTLR7) is unknown for its important biological function. Therefore, it has been targeted to mediate contrasting evolutionary patterns of positive selection into non-synonymous SNPs across eleven species using TLR7 conservation patterns (evolutionary conserved and class-specific trace residues), where protein sequence differences to the TLR7 receptors of interest record mutation that have passed positive section across the species. In this study, we characterized the Lys609 residue on chTLR7-ECD homodimer interfaces to reflect the current tendency of evolving positive selection to be transfer into a stabilization direction of the R848-agonist/ chTLR7-ECDs complex under the phylogenetically variable position across species and we suggest a potential indicator for contrasting evolutionary patterns of both the species TLR-ECDs.

two different sizes of yellow sticky traps (small trap: 9.6×8.0cm; large trap: 9.6×16cm) for sampling greenhouse whitefly (GHWF), Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood), adults in four commercial cherry tomato greenhouses. The patch size of GHWF immatures between plants was also estimated using visual counts. Two variogram models were fitted to the empirical variograms developed from the data collected by each sampling method. All the variograms reached the sill indicating the presence of spatial dependence among the spatial data obtained by the two sampling methods. For GHWF adults on sticky traps the range of variogram (a measure of attractive distance) was not different between the two trap sizes. This result indicated that the attractive distances of the two different yellow sticky traps were very similar. The ranges of the variograms for the visual count of immatures on plants were always less than those for adults, indicating that the attractive distance of the traps for GHWF adults extends beyond the patch size for immatures on cherry tomato plants. These data have implications for developing sampling plans for the management of GHWF in tomato greenhouses.

Sun-cuisine is a traditional Korean side dish. This study examined the methods used to prepare Sun-cuisine in 11 Korean recipe books published over the last 100 years. The main ingredients of Sun-cuisine were typically vegetables, fins, fur, feathers, meat, legumes and mushrooms dipped in wheat flour or mung bean starch powder and stuffed with various minor ingredients known as “so”. These dishes are highly seasoned and boiled in meat stock or steamed in a double boiler, after which they were sprinkled with toppings. Various materials are used as the main ingredients. When vegetables were used as the main ingredients, they were sprinkled with salt, sliced and stuffed with beef or mushrooms. Meat stock was then poured on top of the vegetables and they were steamed. A total of 38 food materials were used as the minor ingredients, while 25 materials were used as seasonings and six foods were used as toppings. Pine nuts were widely used as a minor ingredient, seasoning and topping. Sun-cuisine is generally made using various powders such as starch or wheat flour. Sun-cuisine was a kind of royal court food in the past that was served as a side dish. Recently, Sun-cuisine is eaten less often because its cooking process is too delicate and complicated. Therefore, additional studies to enable the modernization of the Sun-cuisine cooking process should be conducted with the goal of revitalizing the beauty and taste of this traditional food.

In this study, we implemented landslide distribution of Jeju Island using ANN and GIS, respectively. To do this, we first get the counter line from 1:2,5000 digital map and use this counter line to make the DEM. for the evaluate the land slide susceptibility. Next, we abstracted slop map and aspect map from the DEM and get the land use map using ISODATA classification method from Landsat 7 images. In the computation processes of landslide analysis, we make the class to the soil map, tree diameter map, Isohyet map, geological map and so on. Finally, we applied the ANN method to the landslide one and calculated its weighted values. GIS results can be calculated by using Acrview program and produced Jeju landslide susceptibility map by usign Weighted Overlay method. Based on our results, we found the relatively weak points of landslide ware concentrated to the top of Halla mountains.

"Chugang" as a new double cropping potato variety for table use was bred in 2003 from a cross between H83005-2 with short dormancy and "Superior" with common scab resistance. It had been evaluated for short dormancy, growth adaptability and tuber characteristics every twice a year from 1990 to 1999. Regional yield trials had been performed from 2000 to 2002 at three locations, Jeju, Namhae and Gangneung of Korea, respectively. It has round oblong tuber shape with yellow skin and white flesh color. Its tuber dormant periods is approximately 50~60 days. It showed less physiological disorders such as cracking or knobs, and more tolerant to environmental stresses such as plant death by flooding and damages by frost or severe wind compared to "Dejima". Average yields of "Chugang" are 34.6 and 31.1 ton/ha at 90 days after planting in spring and autumn cropping, respectively. It is more resistant to common scab and less susceptible to late blight (phythophthora infestans) compared to "Dejima". However, it is susceptible to potato virus Y (PVY) and andean mosaic virus (AMV).

Lately, the autumn cropping areas of potato have been steadily increased to supply fresh potatoes all year round in Korea. Although "Dejima" is a main cultivar for autumn cropping, it is very susceptible to common scab (Streptomyces scabies) and show high frequency of physiological disorders such as knobs and cracking on tubers. "Chudong" was bred in 2002 for fresh table use from a cross between H83520-3 with short tuber dormancy and "Superior" with common scab resistance. It has attractive, round tuber shape with white skin and flesh colors. Its tuber dormant periods is 5 days longer than 65 days of "Dejima". Its average yields were 32.4 and 21.8 ton/ha at 90 days after planting in spring and autumn cropping of regional yield trials, respectively. It is more resistant to common scab and potato leaf roll virus and less susceptible to late blight (Phythophthora infestans) compared to "Dejima". However, it is susceptible to potato virus Y.

Water management treatment of coastal region has been an important problem in Jeju city since the distributions of pipeline of the pumping system made a bad view in coastal region. To solve the problem, we observed the pipelines that are on the surface around the coastal region from Tapdong to Doduhang. From the observations, we found that Todong and Dodu areas were not unsightliness because the all pipelines were located in underground. However, the other areas, such area Yongdam, Handugi, Yongdam fishing village, had a serious problem for the coastal landscape view. To solve the problem, at we estimated coastal land color characteristics of Jeju city based on the observation of the pipelines. The estimated color panel shows that the green, blue and grey colors are a dominant factors of the Jeju coastal region. Based on the color panel, we proposed two methods, that is, one is a short time treatment, the other is a long time one. The short is based on the colour treatment, which is pipeline colour changing into surround natural one. The long time is the construction plan design method. Although the later method was very useful in Jeju island. However, it takes a lot of time and money. Therefore, in the situation, the short time is the better than the long time one.

The purpose of this study is to illustrate the characteristics of soil organic matter (SOM) and partition coefficient (KDOC). Humic substances (HS) from eight soils of varying properties were extracted by two different methods. The dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration was stabilized in 22hrs. The ratio of UV absorbance at 465nm and 665nm (E4/E6 ratio) for HS were similar pattern for 8 soils. The extraction with increasing pH increased dissolution of SOM. The ratio of organic carbon (OC) associated with HA and FA (the HA:FA ratio) was varied widely in accordance with the soils and was highly correlated to OC content(%) of the soils. In modeling metal speciation in soils and soil solutions, assumptions that all DOC in soil solution is associated with FA and that HA:FA ratio in SOM is constant have been made. The results of this study indicate that the validity of these assumptions is questionable. By sequential pH extraction, the KDOC showed in a linear correlation with pH.

Butyltin compounds (BTs) in seawater, sediments and organisms (Thais clavigera, Liolophura japonica and Cellana nigrolineata), were quantitatively determined to evaluate their distribution inside Songsan Harbor of Cheju Island. In addition, imposex in T. clavigera was used to assess the effect on organisms of BTs. Analysis of the samples collected in seawater, sediments (March, June and August) and organisms (May, July and August) in 1998, confirmed the contamination of BTs in the aquatic environment inside Songsan Harbor. The main BTs species in seawater and sediments was monobutyltin (MBT), tributyltin (TBT), respectively, irrespective of survey time. In organisms, TBT and dibutyltin (DBT) were detected in similar concentrations for T. clavigera and L. japonica, but for C. nigrolineata, DBT concentration was the highest. TBT, the most toxic to aquatic organisms among BTs, was found at concentrations which were sufficient to have a serious effect on the sensitive organisms upon chronic exposure. The relatively high correlations (r>0.83) between BTs indicated that DBT and MBT were mainly degraded from TBT based on antifouling paint and their sources were negligible. The sedimentary organic matters did not have influence on the distribution of BTs in marine environment, and lipid content in T. clavigera did not show a correlation with TBT concentrations. The rate of occurrence of imposex in T. clavigera was 100 %, and the relative penis length index (RPLI) and the relative penis size index (RPSI) which represent the degree of imposex were 79.7%, 58.1%, respectively. Measurement of imposex in T. clavigera was expected to be a very helpful tool for preliminary survey of BTs prior to trace analysis of BTs.

From the environmental aspects, primary productivity of phytoplankton plays the most important role in enhancement of marine culture oyster production. This study may be divided into two branches; one is estimation of maximum oyster meat production per unit facility(Carrying Capacity) under the present environmental conditions in Kamak Bay, the other is improvement of carrying capacity from increase of primary productivity by changing the environmental conditions that cause not to form an unfavorable environment such as the formation of oxygen deficient water mass using the eco-hydrodynamic model. By simulation of three-dimensional hydrodynamic model and ecosystem model, the comparison between observed and computed data showed good agreement. The results of sensitivity analysis showed that phytoplankton maximum growth rate was the most important parameter for phytoplankton and dissolved oxygen. The estimation of mean primary productivity of Wonpo, Kamak, Pyongsa, and Kunnae culture grounds in Kamak Bay during culturing period were 3.73gC/㎡/d, 2.12gC/㎡/d, 1.98gC/㎡/d, and 1.26gC/㎡/d, respectively. Under condition not to form the oxygen deficient water mass, four times increasing of pollutants loading as much as the present loading from river increased mean primary productivity of whole culture grounds to 4.02gC/㎡/d. Sediment N, P fluxes that allowed for 35% increasing from the present conditions increased mean primary productivity of whole culture grounds to 3.65gC/㎡/d. Finally, ten times increasing of boundary loadings from the present conditions increased mean primary productivity of whole culture grounds to 3.95gC/㎡/d. The maximum oyster meat production per year and that of unit facility in actual oyster culture grounds under the present conditions were 6,929ton and 0.93ton, respectively. This 0.93ton/unit facility is considered to be the carrying capacity in study area, and if the primary productivity is increased by changing the environmental conditions, oyster production can be increased.

Determining factors and temporal & spatial characteristics of COD(Chemical Oxygen Demand) at the sea surface in Jinhae bay have been examined by using seasonal data, taken at twenty six stations cver the whole bay during 1989∼1994 by NFRDA. The data have been analyzed in terms of long term means, anomalously large values. Jinhae bay is divided into three regions based on the time mean : mouth of Jinhae bay, inner sea of Masan bay, western sea of Jinhae bay called region 1,2 and 3, respectively. The horizontal distribution of the long term mean of COD at each station is similar to those of nitrogen and phosphorus. Characteristics of whole mean variation in the year shows high range of variation in region 2. It was appear to decreases every year in whole trend. Factors determining seasonal variation in whole COD mean are relative to salinity and nutrient, affected by precipitation in summer. Spatial variation shows high range of fluctuation in region 2 compare to other region. Factors determining of spatial variation of COD was appear to nutrient, affected by pollutant load of land area and bottom sediment. The long term mean of COD at each station is closely related with thats of nutrients. The coorelation coefficient between COD and nitrogen, phosphate phosphorus was found to be high as 0.75, 0.78, respectively. Anomalously large COD was observed 14 times at 6 stations. These stations are located in inner sea of Masan bay(Region 2) and Songjeong bay(Region 1). The seasonal frequency of the observed anomalous COD is large in April, and other seasons are much the same.