In this paper, for a seismic analysis of an offshore subsea manifold, Response Spectrum Analysis(RSA) and Time History Analysis(THA) were conducted under a various analysis conditions. Response spectrum and seismic design procedure have followed ISO19901-2 code. In case of THA, The response spectrum were converted into artificial earthquake history and both of Explicit and Implicit solvers were used to examine the characteristics of seismic analysis. For the verification, Various seismic analysis methods were applied on a single degree of freedom beam model and a simplified model of the actual manifold. The difference between the results of RSA and THA on the simplified manyfold model evaluated for the analysis of the actual manifold. Because THA is impossible in case of real complex structure such as a manifold, Safety of the actual manifold structure was accessed by using the RSA and the difference between the results of RSA and THA from the simplified model.

Abstract In this study, the antioxidant activity of water and ethanol extracts from Hibiscus esculentus, Cirsium japonicum, Zizania latifolia and Kalopanax pictus for functional food source were examined. The optimal conditions for phenolic compounds extraction from medicinal plants were at 50% ethanol with Hibiscus esculentus and Cirsium japonicum var. ussuriense, at 40% ethanol with Kalopanax pictus and at 60% ethanol with Zizania latifolia. The total phenolic contents from the extracts of medical plants were determined to be 2.72~34.15 mg/g in the water extracts and 2.83~34.23 mg/g in the ethanol extracts. The electron-donating abilities (EDA) of the water and ethanol extracts were both above 74% at the low concentration of 50 μg/mL. The ABTS radical-cation decolorization was above 88% at 100 μg/mL concentration in all the extracts of various medicinal plants. The antioxidant protection factor (PF) in the water and ethanol extracts of the Cirsium japonicum var. ussuriense extracts was 1.73 ± 0.02 PF and 1.76 ± 0.01 PF at 50 μg/mL concentration respectively, and was higher than those of the other medicinal-plant extracts. The TBARs inhibition rates of all the medicinal-plant extracts, were above 80% at the 50 μg/mL concentration except Hibiscus esculentus. These results confirmed that the various oriental medicinal plants (Hibiscus esculentus, Cirsium japonicum var. ussuriense, Kalopanax pictus and Zizania latifolia) that were included in this study are useful anti-oxidant and functional-food resources.

The aim of this research was to investigate the anti-oxidantive activities of extracts from Chionanthus retusus leaves, fruits and flower. The content of phenolics were 20.8 mg/g in water extracts and 32.2 mg/g in 90% ethanol extracts from flower. The DPPH free radical scavenging activity of extracts from Chionanthus retusus was above 70% at phenolic concentration 100 μg/mL. The ABTS radical decolorization activities of water and ethanol extracts were both above 80% at 100 μg/mL phenolic concentration, respectively. The antioxidant protection factor(PF) of water and 80% ethanol extracts from leaves was the highest as 2.27 PF and 1.70 PF at 50 μg/mL phenolic concentration. The TBARs inhibition rate of the Chionanthus retusus extracts, was above 70% at 200 μg/mL phenolic concentration. The anti-oxidantive activities of extracts from leaves were shown more active than BHT as a positive control except TBARs. These results confirmed that the extracts from Chionanthus retusus leaves, fruits and flower was shown the high anti-oxidant activity. The results can be expected isolated phenolic compounds from Chionanthus retusus to use as functional beauty food resource.

The objective of this study was to identify the anti-oxidation, astringent, and inhibition effects of wild Ligularia fischeri on hyaluronidase and angiotensin conerting enzyme (ACE). In order to identify the total phenolic compound (TPC), various solvents were used for extraction showing hot water extract with the highest value of 14.42 GAE mg/g. In addition, ABTS radical scavenging activity measurements revealed an anti-oxdiation effect of 98.64-99.84% a hot water extract concentration of 50-200 μg/mL and a radical scavenging activity of 95.14-98.96% at a 60% ethanol extract content. If expressed in antioxidant protection factors (PF), the hot water extract showed 0.59-1.02 PF and the 60% ethanol sample displayed 0.30-0.74 PF. To identify the bio-activity effect, the hyaluronidase inhibition effect was determined as 4.66-35.00% in a 50-200 μg/mL hot water extract. Considering ACE inhibition effect, the hot water extract and 60% ethanol sample showed 0-64.24% and 46.12-69.64% inhibition effect, respectively. Lastly, when taking into account the astringent effect, the hot water extract with 50-200 μg/mL TPC concentration showed 15.68-26.92% and the 60% ethanol sample with an equal concentration exhibited 49.48-86.84%, which indicates the possibility to apply this product as a cosmetic source for pore contraction. Therefore, wild Ligularia fischeri extract can be used for anti-inflammation, high-blood pressure prevention, and as a source for health functional food with anti-oxidative properties.

This study was designed to determine the biological activities of Chionanthus retusus flower extracts. Water and 90% ethanol extracts of C. retusus flower were prepared. The inhibitory activities of water and ethanol extracts with a phenolic content of 200 μg/mL against xanthine oxidase were 25.60% and 15.92%, respectively. Further, the water extract did not show any inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase whereas the ethanol extract showed 100.00% inhibition of α-glucosidase. The inhibitory activities of the extracts against tyrosinase were 17.27% (water extract) and 36.13% (ethanol extract), which suggest that the extracts may have a whitening effect. The water extract did not inhibit elastase activity but showed a collagenase-inhibitory activity of 20.21%. On the contrary, the ethanol extract showed 96.26% and 35.93% inhibition of collagenase and elastase, respectively. These findings suggest that the extracts may have an anti-wrinkle effect. Lastly, the extracts showed a hyaluronidase inhibitory activity of 36.96% (water extract) and 88.70% (ethanol extract), suggesting that they may have an anti-inflammatory effect. The results indicate that C. retusus flower extracts containing phenolic compounds can be used as functional resources because they have anti-gout, carbohydrate degradation-inhibitory, whitening, anti-wrinkle, and anti-inflammatory effects.

본 연구에서 마삭줄(Trachelospermum asiaticum var. intermedium Nakai)을 용매별과 ethanol 농도별로 추출한 결과, 용매별 추출에서 ethanol 추출물이 20.8 mg/g으로 가장 높은 phenolic compounds 용출량을 보였고, 농도별 추출에서 70% ethanol 추출물이 38.1 mg/g으로 가장 높았다. 물 추출물은 16.8 mg/g의 phenolic compounds 용출량을 보였다. 마삭줄을 물과 ethanol을 추출용매로 사용하여 항산화 효과와 항통풍 및 항당뇨 효과를 확인하여 건강 기능성 식품으로의 가능성을 증명 하고자 하였다. DPPH radical 소거능 측정 결과, 100 μg/mL phenolic compounds의 농도에서 물 추출물은 80.9%, 70% ethanol 추출물은 83.1%의 활성을 나타내었다. ABTS radical 소거능 측정 결과 200 μg/mL phenolic compounds의 농도에서 물 추출물은 95.0%, 70% ethanol 추출물은 95.8%의 소거능력을 나타내었다. PF 측정결과, 100 μg/mL phenolic compounds의 농도에서 물 추출물은 2.43 PF, 70% ethanol 추출물에서는 2.45 PF를 나타내었다. TBARs 측정 결과, 200 μg/mL phenolic compounds의 농도에서 물과 70% ethanol 추출물에서 89.9%와 89.3%의 활성을 나타내었다. 통풍 억제 효과 측정 결과, 200 μg/mL phenolic compounds의 농도에서 물 추출물은 33.3%, 70% ethanol 추출물은 50.5%의 저해 효과를 나타내었다. α-glucosidase 저해 효과 측정 결과, 물 추출물에는 저해 효과가 나타나지 않았고, 70% ethanol 추출물에서는 200 μg/mL phenolic compounds의 농도에서 92.6%의 저해 효과를 나타내었다. 이러한 결과들로 미루어 보았을 때 마삭줄 추출물은 항산화 작용과 건강 기능성 식품으로 활용 가능성을 확인할 수 있었다.

본 연구에서는 긴병꽃풀의 항산화 효과와 기능성을 활용한 양갱을 제조하여 기계적 특성을 측정하고, 관능적 기호도 평가를 실시하였다. 생리활성 물질의 양을 측정하기 위하여 페놀성 화합물 정량을 실시한 결과 긴병꽃풀 열수추출물에서 12.99±0.30 mg/g, 70% ethanol 추출물에서 3.14±0.07 mg/g으로 나타내었다. 50-200 μg/mL의 농도에서 항산화 효과를 측정한 결과, 전자공여능은 열수추출물과 70% ethanol 추출물에서 각각 77.16-78.24%, 73.04-77.00%로 나타내었으며, ABTS는 84.35-99.75%, 83.74-99.55%로 나타내었다. Antioxidant protection factor(PF)는 1.54-1.62, 1.62-2.09 PF를 나타내었으며, TBARs는 42.93-94.09%, 91.05-95.19%로 나타내었다. 긴병꽃풀 추출물의 열수추출물과 70% ethanol 추출물은 거의 비슷한 항산화 효과를 나타내었으나, PF와 TBARs에서는 70% ethanol 추출물에서 더 우수한 항산화 효과를 나타내었다. Tyrosinase 저해활성은 열수추출물에서는 효과가 나타나지 않았으며, 70% ethanol 추출물에서는 30.32-40.56%의 저해활성을 나타내었다. Hyaluronidase 저해활성은 14.23-40.93%, 57.45-72.88%로 70% ethanol 추출물이 더 우수한 저해활성을 나타내었으며, 50-100 μg/mL의 저농도에서는 positive control로 사용한 PDTC보다 우수한 저해활성을 나타내었다. 색도는 긴병꽃풀 분말의 첨가량이 증가할수록 L 값과 a 값은 감소하는 경향을 나타내었고 b 값은 일정하게 나타내었다. 기계적 조직감은 경도와 탄력성에서 긴병꽃풀 분말의 첨가량이 증가할수록 감소하는 경향을 나타내었고, 응집성은 첨가량과 관계없이 일정한 값을 나타내었다. 씹힘성은 2.0%에서 가장 높은 수치를 나타내었으나 대조군과 첨가군 간의 유의적 차이는 나타나지 않았고, 긴병꽃풀 분말이 양갱의 기계적 조직감에 영향을 준다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 긴병꽃풀 분말 첨가 양갱의 관능적 기호도는 점도, 경도, 씹힘성, 탄력성, 맛, 향, 전반적인 기호도 항목에서 대조군을 제외하고 1.0% 이하 첨가군에서 기호도가 높게 나타내었으며 2.0% 첨가군은 모든 항목에서 가장 낮은 기호도를 나타내었다. 위 결과에 따라 긴병꽃풀 분말을 이용한 양갱 제조에는 1.0% 이하의 농도를 사용하여 제조하는 것이 가장 적합하다고 판단되었다.

참취로부터 phenolic compounds를 추출 후 항산화 효과, 건강 기능성 식품 및 미용식품 활성을 검정하여 기능성 소재로 활용 가능성을 살펴보았다. 참취에 함유되어 있는 페놀성 물질은 물과 60% ethanol을 용매로 하여 추출하였을 때 각각 11.1 mg/g, 4.18 mg/g 함량을 나타내었다. 추출물의 phenolic 농도를 50~200 μg/mL로 조절하여 DPPH를 측정한 결과, 물 추출물과 ethanol 추출물 50 μg/mL phenolics 농도 에서 각각 87%, 91%였고, ABTS radical decolorization도 50 μg/mL phenolics 농도에서 각각 99%, 99%였다. Antioxidant protection factor는 200 μg/mL phenolics 농도에 서 물 추출물과 ethanol 추출물에서 각각 1.87 PF와 2.22 PF로 측정되었으며, TBARs값은 50 μg/mL phenolics농도에 서 물 추출물이 95%, ethanol 추출물에서 97%를 나타내었 다. Angiotensin converting enzyme(ACE) 저해능은 물 추출 물에서 50.8%, ethanol 추출물에서 69.4%의 저해율을 나타 내었으며, xanthine oxidase 저해능은 물 추출물은 50 μg/mL phenolics농도에서 91%, ethanol 추출물은 200 μg/mL phenolics농도에서 80%의 높은 효능을 보였다. α-Amylase 저해능은 물 추출물과 ethanol 추출물에서 각각 24%, 89% 로 ethanol 추출물에서 높은 효능을 보였다. Tyrosinase 저해 능을 측정한 결과 물 추출물과 ethanol 추출물에서 각각 47%, 25%의 미백 효과를 나타내었다. Elastase 저해능 측정 결과 물 추출물과 ethanol 추출물에서 각각 46%, 14%로 물 추출물에서 주름 개선 효과가 상대적으로 높게 나타내었 다. 이러한 결과로 보아 참취 추출물은 항산화 고혈압억제, 통풍억제, 당분해억제, 미백효과, 주름개선효과 등의 건강 기능성 식품 및 미용식품 활성 소재로서 활용 가능성이 큰 것으로 판단되었다.

In this study, the antioxidative activity and functional food activities of water and ethanol extracts from Pinus densiflora root were examined. It was more effective to use ethanol than water when extracting phenolic compounds. The extracted phenolic compounds from Pinus densiflora root for biological activities were examined. The phenolic compounds extracted with water and 80% EtOH were 1.86±0.04 mg/g and 6.85±0.16 mg/g, respectively. DPPH free radical scavenging activity of water and EtOH were each 86% and 85% at 100 μg/mL phenolics, respectively. ABTS radical decolorization activity was 48% in water and 68% in EtOH at 200 μg/mL. Antioxidant Protection Factor (PF) were 1.74 PF in water and 1.96 PF in EtOH at 50 μg/mL. TBARs of water and EtOH were 93% and 98%, respectively at 100 μg/mL. The inhibition activity on xanthine oxidase was 83.7% in water extracts and 79.6% in ethanol extracts. Inhibition on xanthine oxidase of water and ethanol extracts showed a higher inhibition effect than allopurinol. The inhibition activity on α-glucosidase was 14.8% in water extracts and 91.6% in ethanol extracts. The result suggests that P. densiflora root extracts may be useful as as functional food material.