Since the impact of COVID-19, the tourism and hospitality (T&H) practitioners have become increasingly aware of the crucial role of technology. The metaverse, which combines multiple emerging technologies, has become a hot topic that can take customers' experience in T&H to the next level. Previous research has already indicated that industrial practitioners should begin to consider business transformation to face the era of the metaverse. The metaverse is a continuum from the digital worlds to the physical worlds, with the convergence of physical and virtual worlds in the middle. Digital worlds include mirror worlds that simulate and reflect the real world and the virtual native, an innovative digital world. The digital twin has been mentioned as being created for destinations, hotels, and resorts, relying on the internet of things (IoT) as a crucial component of metaverse technology. However, previous studies have rarely explored the role of the IoT in the metaverse, particularly for T&H customers' metaverse experience. Therefore, this study aims to explore the role of the IoT in customers' metaverse experience in T&H and provide a clear picture for industrial practitioners to take steps into the metaverse. Exploratory research was adopted, including document analysis, literature review, and in-depth interviews with twelve international metaverse-related company experts. Moreover, this research adopted the thematic analysis technique to analyze the data; the theoretical bases include the Task-Technology Fit (TTF) and the components of metaverse as the lens and framework to develop this research. The findings uncovered three scenes of T&H metaverse experiences, including mirror scenes (that reflect the physical and real world in the digital worlds), convergent scenes (that combine the digital and real worlds), and virtual native scenes (that mainly create a whole new virtual scene but still connect to the real world). All of these scenes require IoT to connect the physical world and digital at different levels. Such as, mirror scenes strongly need digital twin techniques through IoT to enhance the authenticity and synchronicity of digital hotels or attractions to immerse guests. Under a convergent scene, connecting via IoT devices to display visitors' paths in the attractions simultaneously or a message board with IoT functionality for users’ social interactions simultaneously. In a virtual native museum, even though users stay in a whole new virtual world, IoT techniques can transfer users from the real world to the virtual world and make them feel physically present. The results provide practical implementations to integrate the IoT into T&H, increasing customers' metaverse experience and enhancing the creative and innovative aspects of the T&H experience.

본 연구는 유연근무제가 직원들의 직무열의에 미치는 영향을 분석하여, 유연근무제의 효과성을 분석하는 데에 목적을 두고 있다. 개인-환경 간의 적합성 이론(person-environment fit theory) 을 가반으로 하여, 유연근무제는 직원이 일과 삶의 균형을 이룰 수 있고 개인 생활의 요구를 충족 시키는 지원제도로서 이는 직원이 자신이 소속되어 있는 업무환경에 잘 적응하고 부합하도록 도울 것으로 기대할 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 유연근무제가 직원들의 직무열의에 미치는 긍정적인 영향력을 분석하고자 한다. 또한 본 연구는 유연근무제와 직무열의 간의 관계를 약화 또는 강화시키는 조절변수들의 영향력을 분석하고자 하는데, 그룹내 집단주의 문화와 제도적 집단주의 문화의 조절효과를 분석하였다. 실증분석을 위해, 본 연구는 보스턴대학의 Sloan센터에서 설문조사를 통해 수집한 “Generations of Talent Study” 데이터베이스와 GLOBE 데이터베이스를 사용하여 분석하였다. 미국, 영국, 중국, 인도, 브라질, 일본, 네덜란드, 멕시코와 스페인, 총 9국가에 위치한 다국적 기업에서 근무하고 있는 직원 7,701명의 설문 자료를 분석에 포함하였다. 분석결과, 유연근무제가 직원의 직무열의에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 그룹내 집단주의 문화가 유연근무제가 직무열의에 미치는 긍정적인 영향력을 약화시키는 결과가 밝혀졌다.

본 연구는 글로벌 마인드셋의 함양에 대한 이해를 높이는 데에 그 목적을 두고 있다. 우선, 글로벌 마인드셋의 함양에 대해 정적인 그리고 동적인 관점을 살펴보고자 한다. 정적인 관점에서 글로벌 마인드셋은 변화하기 어렵고, 암묵적이고 고정된 선천적인 태도로 정의된다. 반면, 동적인 관점에서는 글로벌 마인드셋이 새로운 경험을 배움으로써 발전되고 변화 가능한 마인드로 이해할 수 있다. 이에 대한 분명한 이해를 제공하기 위해, 본 연구는 글로벌 마인드셋이 변화하기 어려운 정적인 특성을 지니고 있는지 혹은 일정한 기간 동안 변화 가능한 동적인 성격을 가지고 있는지에 대해 분석하고자 한다. 기존 문헌에 기반을 두어, 본 연구는 글로벌 마인드셋 구성요인을 인지, 기량과 태도의 세 가지로 유형화한 후, 각 구성요인이 정적인 혹은 동적인 특성을 지니고 있는지를 분석하 고자 한다. 실증분석을 위해 본 연구는 학부생 259명을 대상으로 설문조사를 하여, 비동질적 통제집단설계 (non-equivalent control group design)를 실시하였다. 한 학기동안 국제경영 분야 수업을 수 강한 학부생 185명을 처치집단 (treatment group)에 배정하고, 관리회계 수업을 수강한 학부생 74명을 통제집단 (control group)에 배정한 후, 이들의 수업 전후 글로벌 마인드셋 (인지, 기량, 태도) 수준을 비교 분석하였다. 분석결과, 처치집단에서 국제경영 분야 수업을 수강한 학부생들의 인지와 기량 수준은 수업 후 증가한 반면, 태도 수준은 변화하지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 통제집단 에서는 관리회계 수업을 수강한 학부생들의 글로벌 마인드셋 수준이 수업 전후 유의한 차이가 발견 되지 않았다. 또한, 본 연구는 글로벌 동기부여와 언어능력의 조절효과를 발견하였다. 즉, 국제경영 분야 수업이 학생들의 글로벌 마인드셋을 높이는 효과는 학생들의 글로벌 동기부여가 높은 경우와 언어능력이 뛰어난 경우에 긍정적으로 강화된다는 것이다. 끝으로, 본 연구가 제공한 이론적, 실무적 시사점, 향후 연구과제와 한계점에 대해 논의하였다.

With the advent of globalization and the accompanying rapid changes in economic environments, firms have gradually transformed their mode of operations from one based on the traditional good-dominant logic to one based on service-dominant logic. The emergence of service-dominant logic has resulted in the development of value co-creation, which refers to the process through which firms, suppliers, and customers all become involved in the discovery and creation of product value and create added value through even and reasonable distribution. Drawing upon the SDT theory, the current study has the following three research objectives. First, the current study investigated the influence of transformational leadership on employee-based value co-creation and the impact of transformational leadership on employees’ intrinsic motivation to further enhance their value co-creation. Second, this study sought to understand the mediating mechanisms between transformational leadership and employee-based value co-creation; financial and non-financial variables were used as the mediators to explore whether the financial incentive affects employees’ intrinsic motivational process with regard to the transformational leadership that leads to employees’ intrinsic motivation. Third, positive psychological capital was used as a mediator to examine whether it mediates the relationship between the financial perspective and value co-creation. Fourth, self-concordance was also adopted to examine whether self-concordance mediates the relationship between the financial perspective and value co-creation. We collected 513 survey responses from 81 teams in firms from diverse industries in Taiwan. The present study makes the following contributions. First, previous research related to leadership behavior primarily focused on the influences of leadership behaviors on employee attitudes and behaviors. Only a few studies addressed the impact of leadership on value co-creation. Drawing on the self-determination theory to build our research framework, our study contributes to the field by investigating how transformational leadership stimulates employee-based value co-creation. Second, the present study investigated the psychological mechanisms involved in the motivational process in the context of the ways in which transformational leadership facilitates changes in employee behavior, particularly for employees’ intrinsic motivation. Third, the present study proved that financial and non-financial incentives respectively mediated the relationship between transformational leadership and positive psychological capital. Additionally, both financial and non-financial incentives mediated the relationship between transformational leadership and self-concordance. These results suggest that both financial and non-financial incentives could be effective ways for transformational leaders to intrinsically motivate their employees. These findings are valuable contributions to the leadership studies field. Fourth, the present study adopted hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) to conduct a multi-level analysis of the relationship between transformational leadership and value co-creation.

This study incorporates brand equity and brand identity, two vital factors influencing customer-brand perception, to explore the process from service recovery to perceived justice. This study adopted HLM as the research framework because brand perception differs at various levels and adopting HLM allows us to precisely understand the influence of brand identity and brand equity on the relationship between service recovery and perceived justice. The contributions of this study are listed as follows: a) online service recovery can positively affect customer-perceived justice; b) brand equity at the organizational level can undermine the relationships that courtesy and compensation have with perceived justice; c) brand identity at the individual level can undermine the relationships that courtesy and compensation have with perceived justice; and d) using hierarchical linear modeling can precisely measure the relationship between organizations and customers; therefore, this method is innovative and can contribute to the research on online service recovery.

Marine traffic engineering has been pushed to the limits due to a rising demand in the shipping business. Merchant ships are growing dramatically, both in numbers and in size. To keep pace with current developments, automation seems to be one viable option when it comes to keeping ships running with fewer seafarers available. The aim of this paper is to monitor a modern day mariners’ performance while working in a tense situation. The objective is to define the size of the safety domain whilst overtaking a vessel. The approach was to assess the ship’s domain area within a 3 nm wide traffic separation scheme by using a ship handling simulator. From the simulation results, an overtaking domain was determined as 1.36nm long and 0.4nm wide. Safety domains in real-life situations were experienced on a much smaller scale compared to the previous findings. The working load for this particular operation is expected to be stressful and highly skilled orientated.

In the context of M&A, how to redeploy two corporate assets is one of important organizational tasks. Among tasks, the management of intangible assets – in particular of corporate brand name is a critical element reflects consumers’ response. There has been increasing interest in the role of corporate names in academic fields. However, little attention has been paid to the different name and symbol options on M&A types. No empirical research has yet addressed branding strategies between in-market and cross-market M&A from the individual customers’ perspectives of acquired company. This paper seeks to address the research gap, by exploring acquired company customer on brand identity options in the context of post merger. Specifically, it considers the degree to which name and symbol influence acquired consumer responses. Thus, 5(brand strategy: target-dominant brand name A, acquirer-dominant brand name B, acquirer-dominant synergistic brand name BA, target-dominant synergistic brand name AB or create new brand name C) × 2(M & A types: in market or cross-market) between subject experiment design was conducted. 494 undergraduate or graduate students are the subjects from a college. Questionnaires were collected by convenience sampling. The results show that: (1). Brand name redeployment strategy has significant effect on customers’ sovereignty deprivation and brand switching intention. (2). In in-market M&A type situation, target-dominant brand tend to outperform acquirer-dominant brand strategy in decreasing the degree of acquired company customers’ perceived sovereignty deprivation and brand switching intention when compared with cross-market M&A type. (3). In in-market M&A type situation, new brand tend to outperform acquirer-dominant brand strategy in decreasing the degree of acquired company customers’ perceived sovereignty deprivation and brand switching intention when compared with cross-market M&A type. (4). In in-market M&A type situation, acquirer-dominant synergistic brand strategy tend to outperform new brand strategy in decreasing the degree of acquired company customers’ perceived sovereignty deprivation when compared with cross-market M&A type. In summary, in in-market M&A type situation, acquirer-dominant synergistic brand is the best strategy and new brand name is the second best option in decreasing the degree of acquired company customers’ perceived sovereignty deprivation when compared with cross-market type situation. The results should guide managers regarding post-M&A branding strategies.

Article 24 of the Plant Variety and Plant Seed Act of Taiwan stipulates that rightholders have exclusive rights to import/export propagating materials, harvested materials and products made directly from the harvested materials of protected plant varieties. However, detailed provisions of border measures and enacting rules have not yet been written both in the Act and the associated enforcement rules. Although Taiwan and China have built a close relationship in agriculture and trade, tightening export suspension measures may serve as an effective means of preventing the agricultural counterfeit issue from worsening, and reduce the possibilities of illegal re-importation. China is the principal country to which plant materials from Taiwan and Japan are smuggled for further propagation and then shipped back to their original markets. Japan’s effective border measures for addressing plant variety right infringement and their PVP G-Men system could be a useful paradigm for Taiwan.

The preparation of metallic glass composite powders was accomplished by the mechanical alloying of a pure Ti, Cu, Ni, Sn and carbon nanotube (CNT) powder mixture after 8 h milling. In the ball-milled composites, the initial CNT particles were dissolved in the Ti-based alloy glassy matrix. The bulk metallic glass composite was successfully prepared by vacuum hot pressing the as-milled CNT/ metallic glass composite powders. A significant hardness increase with the CNT additions was observed for the consolidated composite compacts.

Mg55Y15Cu30 metallic glass powders were prepared by the mechanical alloying of pure Mg, Y, and Cu after 10 h of milling. The thermal stability of these Mg55Y15Cu30 amorphous powders was investigated using the differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). Tg ,Tx , and ΔTx are 442 K, 478 K, and 36 K, respectively. The as-milled Mg55Y15Cu30 powders were then consolidated by vacuum hot pressing into disk compacts with a diameter and thickness of 10 mm and 1 mm, respectively. This yielded bulk Mg55Y15Cu30 metallic glass with nanocrystalline precipitates homogeneously embedded in a highly dense glassy matrix. The pressure applied during consolidation can enhance thermal stability and prolong the existence of amorphous phase within Mg55Y15Cu30 powders.

Tungsten heavy alloys with different ratios of Mo and Ni-Fe matrix were liquid-phase-sintered to investigate their microstructural evolution. Results indicated that increased Mo in the alloy promoted the formation of a (W,Mo)(Ni,Fe) type intermetallic compound in the furnace-cooled condition. It was a monoeutectic reaction when the added Mo content was higher than 49at.%, or a eutectic reaction when this value was between 37at,% to 49at.%. When Mo was added between 25at.% to 37at.%, the precipitation of the intermetallic compound took place by either a eutectoid or peritectoid reaction.