Background: With the increasing demand for healthcare devices, the home healthcare market has been continuously expanding. Objectives: This study examined how a home calf massager affects muscle tone and stiffness in the calf region and the active range of motion (AROM) of the ankle in healthy adults to determine whether the massager is suitable for healthcare use in healthy individuals. Design: A quasi-experimental clinical trial. Methods: The study included 20 healthy men in their 20s, analyzing changes in muscle tone and stiffness in the calf region, AROM of the ankle joint, and differences between the two legs before and after applying the home calf massager. Results: After using the home calf massager, significant reductions in muscle tone and stiffness were observed in the lateral gastrocnemius muscles on both sides, as well as in the stiffness of the medial gastrocnemius muscles on both sides (P<.05). The AROM of the ankle joint significantly increased in all cases of dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, inversion, and eversion (P<.05). Conclusion: The use of a home calf massager in healthy adult males did not impose a physiological burden on muscle tone and stiffness in the calf region and was effective in immediately improving ankle joint mobility.

정보 매체의 다각화와 함께 사람들이 직면하는 정보의 양과 종류가 과 부하 현상을 보이고 있다. 이러한 배경에서 글자보다 도형이 효율적인 정보 획득 수단으로 자리 잡아 직관적이고 명확한 장점을 제공한다. 관 광지 안내 시스템에서 직관적인 도형 정보는 텍스트 읽기에 따른 피로감 이나 장애감을 줄여 다양한 사람들의 접근성을 높이는 데 기여한다. 본 연구는 다중 자원 관광 경관 지역의 정보 안내도 설계에 관한 연구를 목 적으로 한다. 문헌 연구, 현장 조사, 사례 분석 등의 방법을 통해 다중 자원 관광 및 정보 안내도의 현황과 추세를 분석하고 요약하였다. 관광 지를 다양한 자원 유형에 따라 구분하여 각기 다른 대상의 요구를 충족 시키고, 각 자원 유형에 적합한 정보 안내도 설계 방법을 제시하였다. 첫 째, 유사한 관광지에서 발생하는 안내도의 단순화, 무질서화, 동질화 및 정보 전달력 약화 문제를 개선하였다. 둘째, 다중 자원 관광지의 증가하 는 발전 추세에 따라 새로운 정보 안내도 설계 방법과 그 잠재적 가치를 탐구하였다.

This study explores the innovative utilization of a biomimetic electric ray friction nanogenerator (ER-TENG) in combination with electrolysis technology for the remediation of maritime effluent. The ER-TENG is ingeniously crafted with a flexible, planar structure, enabling seamless adaptation to various curved and irregular substrates such as rocks, corals, and shipwrecks on the ocean floor, obviating the necessity for specialized mounting or securing devices. Simulation results regarding the potential distribution between the copper electrode and the PDMS film under different inter-electrode distances indicate that an increase in separation distance is correlated with an enhanced potential difference on the material's surface, exhibiting a linear upward trend, with the maximum potential difference reaching 120 V. When TiO2 nanoparticles are incorporated at a doping mass fraction of 4.65 wt%, the friction nanogenerator attains its peak electrical performance, boasting a peak opencircuit voltage of 123.25 V and a maximum short-circuit current of 13.52 μA, representing increases of 2.73-fold and 2.56-fold in open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current, respectively. At operational frequencies of 1.2 Hz and 1.0 Hz, the initial stage of sterilization rate enhancement proceeds at a moderate pace. However, after 60 minutes of electrolysis, sterilization rates reach 88.12% and 46.36%, respectively. The electrical energy harvested by the ER-TENG facilitates the generation of potent oxidizing chlorine through electrolysis, which effectively eliminates harmful aquatic organisms and pathogens present in ship ballast water.

Carbon fibers (CFs) with different tensile moduli of 280–384 GPa were applied to investigate the relationship between crystalline structure and compressive failure. The carbon chemical structure and crystalline structure were studied by Raman, highresolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The correlation between compressive strength and crystalline structure was investigated. The results showed that the transition point between medium and high tensile modulus was around 310 GPa, and within the range of medium modulus, the compressive strength of CFs improved with the increase of tensile modulus, and the compressive strength also improved with the increase of crystal thickness Lc, crystal width La, and crystal plane orientation; In the high modulus range, the correlation law was opposite, which was mainly influenced by the grain boundary structure. CFs with tensile modulus lower than 310 GPa exhibited bucking and kinking fracture under compressive loading, while shear fracture was observed for CFs with tensile modulus higher than 310 GPa.

This research examines China’s development in terms of the nation’s SOE reforms surrounding the two major milestones in China’s integration with neoliberalism, the accession to the World Trade Organization and the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP). It considers the interlinking of the legal aspect of China’s SOEs reform with its economic development, and reinforces the economic argument that China has embraced both neoliberalism and state-capitalism in order to achieve its industrial development. This paper highlights the persistent logic of China’s SOEs reform which aims to approach international legal standards while keeping sight of the objectives of economic development. China’s semi-embrace of neoliberalism and its insistence on state capitalism, on the one hand, provide an alternative developmental model for other developing countries, while on the other hand, facing an increasingly deteriorating relationship with the US which cannot tolerate any rising power that challenges its hegemony, especially a power with a different ideology.

A substantial quantity of discarded tires has inflicted harm on the environment. Microwave pyrolysis of discarded tires emerges as an efficient and environmentally friendly method for their recycling. This research innovatively utilizes the characteristics of microwave rapid and selective heating to pyrolyze waste tires into porous graphene under the catalysis of KOH etching. Moreover, this study comprehensively investigates the dielectric characteristics and heating behavior of waste tires and different proportions of waste tire–KOH mixtures. It validates the preparation of graphene through KOH-catalyzed microwave pyrolysis of waste tires, tracking morphological and structural changes under varying temperature conditions. The results indicate that optimal dielectric performance of the material is achieved at an apparent density of 0.68 g/cm3 at room temperature. As the temperature increases, the dielectric constant gradually rises, particularly reaching a notable increase around 700 °C, and then stabilizes around 750 °C. Additionally, the study investigates the penetration depth and reflection loss of mixtures with different proportions, revealing the waste tire–KOH mass ratio of 1:2 demonstrates favorable dielectric properties. This research highlights the impressive microwave responsiveness of the waste tire–KOH mixture, Upon the addition of KOH, the mixed material exhibits an augmented dielectric constant and relative dielectric constant, supporting the viability of KOH-catalyzed microwave pyrolysis for producing porous graphene from waste tires. This method is expected to provide a new method for the valuable reuse of waste tires and a technology for large-scale, efficient and environmentally friendly production of graphene.

Background: Grit, academic self-efficacy, and academic stress are crucial factors affecting a student’s ability to adapt to college. Objectives: The influence of grit on academic self-efficacy and academic stress among college physical therapy students was analyzed. Design: Questionnaire design. Methods: A total of 208 three-year undergraduate physical therapy students were surveyed using a structured questionnaire that assessed their grit, academic self-efficacy, and academic stress. The levels of each factor, the subfactors influencing each factor, and their correlations were analyzed. Results: Among college physical therapy students, having lower daily study hours was associated with lower grit and academic self-efficacy and higher academic stress. Younger students showed lower self-regulatory efficacy and self-confidence and higher levels of academic stress (P<.05). An analysis of the correlations of each factor revealed a significant correlation: the higher the students’ grit, the higher their academic self-efficiency and the lower their academic stress. Additionally, higher academic self-efficacy was significantly associated with lower academic stress (P<.001). Conclusion: To enhance the grit and academic self-efficacy of three-year college physical therapy students and reduce their academic stress, it is necessary to manage their learning time, develop educational support programs according to age, and apply various teaching methods.

In this work, a series of BaTiO3-based ceramic materials, Ba(Al0.5Nb0.5)xTi1-xO3 (x = 0, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08), were synthesized using a standard solid-state reaction technique. X-ray diffraction profiles indicated that the Al+Nb co-doping into BaTiO3 does not change the crystal structure significantly with a doping concentration up to 8 %. The doping ions exist in Al3+ and Nb5+ chemical states, as revealed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The frequencydependent complex dielectric properties and electric modulus were studied in the temperature range of 100~380 K. A colossal dielectric permittivity (>1.5 × 104) and low dielectric loss (<0.01) were demonstrated at the optimal dopant concentration x = 0.04. The observed dielectric behavior of Ba(Al0.5Nb0.5)xTi1-xO3 ceramics can be attributed to the Universal Dielectric Response. The complex electric modulus spectra indicated the grains exhibited a significant decrease in capacitance and permittivity with increasing co-doping concentration. Our results provide insight into the roles of donor and acceptor co-doping on the properties of BaTiO3-based ceramics, which is important for dielectric and energy storage applications.

Artificial photosynthesis harnesses clean and sustainable solar power to catalyze the conversion of CO2 and H2O molecules into valuable chemicals and O2. This sustainable approach combines energy conversion with environmental pollution control. Non-oxide photocatalysts with broad visible-light absorption and suitable band structures, hold immense potential for CO2 conversion. Nevertheless, they still face numerous challenges in practical applications, particularly in CO2 conversion with H2O. Surface modification and functionalization play the significant role in improving the activity of non-oxide photocatalysts. Multifarious strategies, such as cocatalyst loading, surface regulation, doping engineering, and heterostructure construction, have been explored to optimize light harvesting, bandgap driving force, electron–hole pairs separation/transfer, CO2 adsorption, activation, and catalysis processes. This review summarizes recent progress in surface modification strategies for non-oxide photocatalysts and discusses their enhancement mechanisms for efficient CO2 conversion. These insights are expected to guide the design of high-performance non-oxide photocatalyst systems.

Exploring highly efficient, and low-cost oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts is extremely vital for the commercial application of advanced energy storage and conversion devices. Herein, a series of graphene-like C2N supported TMx@C2N, (TM = Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu, x = 1, 2) single- and dual-atom catalysts are designed. Their catalytic performance is systematically evaluated by means of spin-polarized density functional theory (DFT) computations coupled with hydrogen electrode model. Regulating metal atom and pairs can widely tune the catalytic performance. The most promising ORR/OER bifunctional activity can be realized on Cu2@ C2N with lowest overpotential of 0.46 and 0.38 V for ORR and OER, respectively. Ni2@ C2N and Ni@C2N can also exhibit good bifunctional activity through effectively balancing the adsorption strength of intermediates. The correlation of reaction overpotential with adsorption free energy is well established to track the activity and reveal the activity origin, indicating that catalytic activity is intrinsically governed by the adsorption strength of reaction intermediates. The key to achieve high catalytic activity is to effectively balance the adsorption of multiple reactive intermediates by means of the synergetic effect of suitably screened bimetal atoms. Our results also demonstrate that lattice strain can effectively regulate the adsorption free energies of reaction intermediates, regarding it as an efficient strategy to tune ORR/OER activity. This study could provide a significant guidance for the discovery and design of highly active noble-metal-free carbon-based ORR/OER catalysts.

이 연구는 애니메이션 <스파이더맨: 뉴 유니버스>에서 색채 심리학 이 캐릭터 형성과 서사에 미치는 영향을 탐구한다. 연구는 색채가 애니 메이션 영화에서 감정 전달, 캐릭터 개성 형성, 이야기 발전에 대한 잠 재력을 밝히려고 한다. 정성적 분석 방법을 사용하여 영화 내 색채 사 용을 해석하고, 특히 색채가 캐릭터의 감정 표현과 관객의 감정 반응에 어떻게 영향을 미치는지 조사했다. 연구 결과는 <스파이더맨: 뉴 유니 버스>에서 색채 사용이 캐릭터 이미지의 깊이와 감정의 풍부함을 증진 시키고, 서사의 동적성과 시각적 매력을 강화함을 보여준다. 색채 변화 를 통해 영화는 감정과 주제를 성공적으로 전달하고, 관객의 감정 공명 과 이야기 이해를 증진한다. 색채의 전략적 사용은 캐릭터 간의 관계와 이야기의 핵심 전환점을 강조하여, 시각적 서사에서 색채의 필수적인 역할을 보여준다. 이 연구는 애니메이션 영화 제작에서 색채 심리학의 적용을 더 깊이 탐구할 필요성을 강조하며, 향후 연구에서 정량적 연구 방법을 사용하여 색채가 관객 인식과 감정 반응에 미치는 영향에 대한 실증 데이터를 수집할 것을 제안한다. 동시에, 문화적 배경과 개인 경 험이 색채 인식에 미치는 영향을 고려한 개인 차이를 더 깊이 탐구할 필요가 있다.

Contact linguistics takes the series of linguistic phenomena in the process of language contact as the research content, and explores the changes of the languages and their results. When language contact occurs between Chinese and Korean, the linguistic phenomena occurring in the aspects of phonology, syntax, vocabulary, and characters are one of the important results. Sino-Korean Rhyme Dictionaries are language tools that are mainly arranged by rhyme. Such dictionaries annotate the pronunciation of Chinese characters, correcting the incorrect pronunciation of Chinese characters in Korea, and occasionally interpreting the meaning, and recording some glyphs of variants, which provide the convenience for extracting poems and lyrics, as well as reciting rhyming characters. From the perspective of the developmental history of Chinese dictionaries in Korea, rhyming books are the beginning of Chinese dictionaries in Korea, which have abundant content and significant value, and are indispensable and valuable materials for the study of Chinese-Korean contact linguistics.

In the “宀” radical of Shuowen Jiezi (說文解字): “家，凥也。从宀，豭省聲。𠖔，古文 家.” Duan Yucai believed that, the character “家” (jia) is composed of the radicals “宀” and “豕”, and should be classified under the radical “豕” instead of “宀”. The so-called “豭省聲” mentioned by Xu Shen is baseless. Based on the research of scholars in the Qing Dynasty, as well as the evidence from oracle bone inscriptions and bronze inscriptions, it can be concluded that “豭” is a newly created character, and its ancient form should be “𢑓”, which is “豕” with an additional semantic stroke indicating a male pig. The original intention of “豭省聲” should be to omit the character form of “叚” while preserve the pronunciation of “叚”. This takes into account both the ideographic character “家” derived from “ (𢑓)” and the phonetic-semantic character “家” derived from “ (豭)”. Duan Yucai proposed the concepts of “the original meaning of character creation” and “the original sense of character usage” to distinguish between the original meaning and the extended borrowed meaning, which is the value of his theory.

This paper presents the construction and characterization of an amperometric immunosensor based on the graphene/gold nanoparticles (AuNPs/GO) nanocomposite for the detection of the bladder cancer biomarker, apolipoprotein A1 (Apo-A1). The morphological analysis of the AuNPs/GO nanocomposite demonstrated an almost spherical shape of AuNPs and the successful coverage of their surface by graphene oxide. An increased G peak and decreased D peak after the association of AuNPs with GO, implied a reduction in graphene defects. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) indicated a significant decrease in the quantity of oxygen-containing functional groups in the AuNPs/GO nanocomposite, as compared to the original GO. Furthermore, the developed sensor demonstrated commendable sensitivity and selectivity, with a wide linear range for Apo-A1 detection. Importantly, the immunosensor exhibited remarkable stability over a period of 14 days, signifying its potential for practical applications.

The lightweight and high strength characteristics of aluminum alloy materials make them have promising prospects in the field of construction engineering. This paper primarily focuses on aluminum alloy materials. Aluminum alloy was combined with concrete, wood and carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) cloth to create a composite column. The axial compression test was then conducted to understand the mechanical properties of different composite structures. It was found that the pure aluminum tube exhibited poor performance in the axial compression test, with an ultimate load of only 302.56 kN. However, the performance of the various composite columns showed varying degrees of improvement. With the increase of the load, the displacement and strain of each specimen rapidly increased, and after reaching the ultimate load, both load and strain gradually decreased. In comparison, the aluminum alloy-concrete composite column performed better than the aluminum alloy-wood composite column, while the aluminum alloy-wood-CFRP cloth composite column demonstrated superior performance. These results highlight excellent performance potential for aluminum alloy-wood-CFRP composite columns in practical applications.

This paper presents an electrochemical immunosensor using a graphene/multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) composite platform for detecting the cardiovascular marker C-reactive protein (CRP). The immunosensor exhibited a linear detection range of 0.20–100 ng/mL CRP with a low limit of detection reaching 0.081 ng/mL. The composite material provided a 3D porous structure that allowed efficient antibody immobilization and minimized steric hindrance. The sensor showed high specificity, with minimal response to interfering substances. Using differential pulse voltammetry, the immunosensor demonstrated exceptional precision, rapid detection, and a direct correlation between CRP concentration and sensor response current. Overall, this work highlights the potential of the graphene/MWCNT composite platform as a robust tool for early CRP detection and cardiovascular disease risk assessment. The immunosensor provides sensitive and selective CRP quantification that could enable timely clinical intervention for at-risk individuals.

Background: Problem-based learning (PBL) is presented as a superior teaching method compared to existing lecture-based learning. Objectives: To analyzed the effectiveness of creative problem-solving competency, class participation, and self-efficacy in physical therapy students after PBL. Design: Questionnaire design. Methods: This study involved 29 physical therapy students and analyzed changes in their creative problem-solving competency, class participation, and self-efficacy and the correlations between these measurement variables before and after PBL on the “Therapeutic Exercise & Practice” subject. Results: PBL in the musculoskeletal exercise therapy-related subject significantly improved class participation and self-efficacy (P<.05) compared to conventional lecture-based learning, but there was no significant difference in creative problem-solving competency. There was also a positive correlation between a higher level of class participation and higher self-efficacy (P<.05). Conclusions: PBL in the “Therapeutic Exercise & Practice” subject in the Department of Physical Therapy can be an effective educational strategy to increase students’ class participation and self-efficacy. Accordingly, instructors in this department should systematically construct the design of PBL curricula to improve the quality of educational content.

Aurantii Fructus Immature (AFI) and Aurantii Fructus (AF) are two important traditional Chinese herbs. As the harvesting time varies, the medicinal value of the plants is not uniform. Consequently, it has been difficult to quickly recognize them within the realm of traditional Chinese medicine. Separation and detection technologies are employed in combination to create fingerprints for identification. We proposed the utilization of graphene-assisted electrochemical fingerprint technology to acquire fingerprints of two varieties of medicinal materials. Simultaneously, we also obtained their fingerprints through HPLC. Two fingerprint recognition technologies were compared for their effectiveness. The findings demonstrate that the signals obtained through electrochemical fingerprinting have a higher recognition rate.

In recent years, supercapacitors have attracted extensive attention due to their advantages such as fast charge and discharge rate, high power density and long cycle life. Because of its unique porous structure and excellent electrochemical properties, heteroatom-doped porous carbon (HPC) is deemed as a promising electrode material for supercapacitors. However, it is a great challenge to synthesize electrode materials with large surface area, ultra-high porosity and good electrochemical performance. In this work, two-dimensional conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) containing ketones were synthesized by a simple one-step coupling reaction and used as carbon precursors. A series of samples (CMP-Ts) were prepared with the procedures of coupling reaction and carbonization. The optimized carbon material has high specific surface area (up to 2229.85 m2 g− 1), porous structure, high specific capacitance (375 F g− 1 at 0.5 A g− 1), and good cycling stability (capacitance retention of 98.8% after 1000 cycles at 5 A g− 1). Further, the supercapacitor has an energy density of 28.8 Wh kg− 1 at a power density of 5000 W kg− 1. This work lays a foundation for the preparation of carbon materials using microporous polymer as a precursor system, provides a new way of thinking, and demonstrates a great potential of high-performance supercapacitors.